Description Usage Arguments Value Author(s) See Also Examples
forecast
is a generic function for forecasting from time series or time series models.
The function invokes particular methods which depend on the class of the first argument.
For example, the function forecast.Arima
makes forecasts based on the results produced by arima
.
If model=NULL
,the function forecast.ts
makes forecasts using ets
models (if the data are non-seasonal or the seasonal period is 12 or less) or stlf
(if the seasonal period is 13 or more).
If model
is not NULL
, forecast.ts
will apply the model
to the object
time series, and then generate forecasts accordingly.
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object |
a time series or time series model for which forecasts are required |
h |
Number of periods for forecasting |
level |
Confidence level for prediction intervals. |
fan |
If TRUE, |
robust |
If TRUE, the function is robust to missing values and outliers in |
lambda |
Box-Cox transformation parameter. |
find.frequency |
If TRUE, the function determines the appropriate period, if the data is of unknown period. |
allow.multiplicative.trend |
If TRUE, then ETS models with multiplicative trends are allowed. Otherwise, only additive or no trend ETS models are permitted. |
model |
An object describing a time series model; e.g., one of of class |
... |
Additional arguments affecting the forecasts produced. If |
An object of class "forecast
".
The function summary
is used to obtain and print a summary of the results, while the function plot
produces a plot of the forecasts and prediction intervals.
The generic accessors functions fitted.values
and residuals
extract various useful features of the value returned by forecast$model
.
An object of class "forecast"
is a list usually containing at least the following elements:
model |
A list containing information about the fitted model |
method |
The name of the forecasting method as a character string |
mean |
Point forecasts as a time series |
lower |
Lower limits for prediction intervals |
upper |
Upper limits for prediction intervals |
level |
The confidence values associated with the prediction intervals |
x |
The original time series (either |
residuals |
Residuals from the fitted model. For models with additive errors, the residuals will be x minus the fitted values. |
fitted |
Fitted values (one-step forecasts) |
Rob J Hyndman
Other functions which return objects of class "forecast"
are
forecast.ets
, forecast.Arima
, forecast.HoltWinters
, forecast.StructTS
,
meanf
, rwf
, splinef
, thetaf
, croston
, ses
, holt
,
hw
.
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