seqstatd | R Documentation |
Returns the state relative frequencies, the number of valid states and the entropy of the state distribution at each position in the sequence.
seqstatd(seqdata, weighted=TRUE, with.missing=FALSE, norm=TRUE)
seqdata |
a state sequence object as defined by the |
weighted |
if |
with.missing |
If |
norm |
if |
In addition to the state distribution at each position in the sequence, the seqstatd
function provides also for each time
point the number of valid states and the Shannon entropy of the observed cross-sectional state distribution. Letting p_i
denote the
proportion of cases in state i
at the considered position, the entropy is
h(p_1,\ldots,p_s) = -\sum_{i=1}^{s} p_i \log(p_i)
where s
is the size of the alphabet. The log is here the natural (base e) logarithm. The entropy is 0 when all cases are in the same state and is maximal when the same proportion of cases are in each state. The entropy is a measure of the diversity of states observed at the considered position. First studies using sequence of cross-sectional entropies (but with aggregated transversal data) are Billari (2001) and Fussell (2005).
A list with three elements: Frequencies
(relative frequencies), ValidStates
(number of valid states at each position), and Entropy
(cross-sectional entropy at each position).
The returned list has attributes nbseq
(number of sequences), cpal
, xtlab
, xtstep
, tick.last
, weighted
, and norm
.
Alexis Gabadinho and Gilbert Ritschard
Ritschard, G. (2021), "Measuring the nature of individual sequences", Sociological Methods and Research, \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1177/00491241211036156")}.
Billari, F. C. (2001). The analysis of early life courses: complex descriptions of the transition to adulthood. Journal of Population Research 18 (2), 119-24.
Fussell, E. (2005). Measuring the early adult life course in Mexico: An application of the entropy index. In R. Macmillan (Ed.), The Structure of the Life Course: Standardized? Individualized? Differentiated?, Advances in Life Course Research, Vol. 9, pp. 91-122. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
plot.stslist.statd
the plot method for objects of class stslist.statd
,
seqdplot
for higher level chronograms (state distribution plots)),
seqHtplot
for transversal entropy line over sequence positions, and
seqdHplot
for chronograms with overlayed entropy line.
data(biofam)
biofam.seq <- seqdef(biofam,10:25)
sd <- seqstatd(biofam.seq)
## Plotting the state distribution
plot(sd, type="d")
## Line of cross-sectional entropies
plot(sd, type="Ht")
## ====================
## example with weights
## ====================
data(ex1)
ex1.seq <- seqdef(ex1, 1:13, weights=ex1$weights)
## Unweighted
seqstatd(ex1.seq, weighted=FALSE)
seqstatd(ex1.seq, weighted=TRUE)
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