image: Image Gridded Coordinates in Data Frame

In gstat: Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Geostatistical Modelling, Prediction and Simulation

Description

Image gridded data, held in a data frame, keeping the right aspect ratio for axes, and the right cell shape

Usage

## S3 method for class 'data.frame'
image(x, zcol = 3, xcol = 1, ycol = 2, asp = 1, ...)
xyz2img(xyz, zcol = 3, xcol = 1, ycol = 2, tolerance = 10 * .Machine$double.eps)

Arguments

x	data frame (or matrix) with x-coordinate, y-coordinate, and z-coordinate in its columns
zcol	column number or name of z-variable
xcol	column number or name of x-coordinate
ycol	column number or name of y-coordinate
asp	aspect ratio for the x and y axes
...	arguments, passed to image.default
xyz	data frame (same as x)
tolerance	maximum allowed deviation for coordinats from being exactly on a regularly spaced grid

Value

image.data.frame plots an image from gridded data, organized in arbritrary order, in a data frame. It uses xyz2img and image.default for this. In the S-Plus version, xyz2img tries to make an image object with a size such that it will plot with an equal aspect ratio; for the R version, image.data.frame uses the asp=1 argument to guarantee this.

xyz2img returns a list with components: z, a matrix containing the z-values; x, the increasing coordinates of the rows of z; y, the increasing coordinates of the columns of z. This list is suitable input to image.default.

Note

I wrote this function before I found out about levelplot, a Lattice/Trellis function that lets you control the aspect ratio by the aspect argument, and that automatically draws a legend, and therefore I now prefer levelplot over image. Plotting points on a levelplots is probably done with providing a panel function and using lpoints.

(for S-Plus only – ) it is hard (if not impossible) to get exactly right cell shapes (e.g., square for a square grid) without altering the size of the plotting region, but this function tries hard to do so by extending the image to plot in either x- or y-direction. The larger the grid, the better the approximation. Geographically correct images can be obtained by modifiying par("pin"). Read the examples, image a 2 x 2 grid, and play with par("pin") if you want to learn more about this.

Author(s)

Edzer Pebesma

Examples

library(sp)
data(meuse)
data(meuse.grid)
g <- gstat(formula=log(zinc)~1,locations=~x+y,data=meuse,model=vgm(1,"Exp",300))
x <- predict(g, meuse.grid)
image(x, 4, main="kriging variance and data points")
points(meuse$x, meuse$y, pch = "+")
# non-square cell test:
image(x[((x$y - 20) %% 80) == 0,], main = "40 x 80 cells")
image(x[((x$x - 20) %% 80) == 0,], main = "80 x 40 cells")
# the following works for square cells only:
oldpin <- par("pin")
ratio <- length(unique(x$x))/length(unique(x$y))
par(pin = c(oldpin[2]*ratio,oldpin[2]))
image(x, main="Exactly square cells, using par(pin)")
par(pin = oldpin)
library(lattice)
levelplot(var1.var~x+y, x, aspect = "iso", main = "kriging variance")

Example output

[using ordinary kriging]

gstat documentation built on May 2, 2019, 4:59 p.m.