H: Calculates heterogeneity

In polrep: Calculate Political Representation Scores

Calculates heterogeneity

Description

Calculates heterogeneity from a frequency vector.

Usage

H(Z)

Arguments

Z	Frequency vector

Details

This function implements Fearon's (2003) measure of heterogeneity, also known as the Herfindahl Index or the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. Specify a frequency vector, which can be created using prop.table. A frequency vector describes the size of each group as a proportion of the overall population. For instance, of there are three groups in a population, A with 60% of the population, B with 30% of the population, and C with 10% of the population, the corresponding frequency vector is c(0.6, 0.3, 0.1). Heterogeneity is calculated as H=\sum_{i=1}^{k}p_i^2.

Value

Level of heterogeneity

Author(s)

Didier Ruedin

References

Fearon, J. (2003) Ethnic and cultural diversity by country. Journal of Economic Growth 8:195-222. <DOI: 10.1023/A:1024419522867>

Examples

# using prop.table() to create a frequency vector
V <- c(1,1,1,1,1,1,3,3,3,3,4,5,5,5,5)
H(prop.table(V))
# special cases
H(prop.table(c(1,0,0)))
H(prop.table(c(.99,0.01,0)))
H(prop.table(c(.9,0.1,0)))
H(prop.table(c(.8,0.1,0.1)))
H(prop.table(c(1,1,1)))
H(prop.table(c(1,1,1,1)))
H(prop.table(c(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)))

polrep documentation built on Jan. 5, 2024, 3:01 a.m.