# genwr: General Win Loss Statistics In WWR: Weighted Win Loss Statistics and their Variances

## Description

Calculate the general win loss statistics and their corresponding variances under the global NULL hypothesis and under alterantive hypothesis based on Bebu and Lachin (2016) paper, which is a generalization of the win ratio of Pocock et al. (2012) and the win difference of Luo et al. (2015). This calculation needs the users to specify the win loss matrix.

## Usage

 1 genwr(aindex) 

## Arguments

 aindex a numeric matrix of win loss indicators. Suppose there are group 1 and group 0 in the study with sample sizes n_1 and n_0 respectively. The matrix aindex is a n_1\times n_0 matrix with elements C_{ij}: i=1,…,n_1, j=1,…,n_0. The element C_{ij} is equal to 1 if subject i in group 1 wins over subject j in group 0 on the most important outcome, C_{ij} is equal to -1 if subject i in group 1 loses against subject j in group 0 on the most important outcome; C_{ij} is equal to 2 if subject i in group 1 wins over subject j in group 0 on the second most important outcome after tie on the most important outcome, C_{ij} is equal to -2 if subject i in group 1 loses against subject j in group 0 on the second most important outcome after tie on the most important outcome; C_{ij} is equal to 3 if subject i in group 1 wins over subject j in group 0 on the third most important outcome after tie on the first two most important outcomes, C_{ij} is equal to -3 if subject i in group 1 loses against subject j in group 0 on the third most important outcome after tie on the first two most important outcomes; and so forth until all the outcomes have been used for comparison; then C_{ij} is equal to 0 if an ultimate tie is resulted.

## Details

General win loss statistics

## Value

 n1 Number of subjects in group 1 n0 Number of subjects in group 0 n Total number of subjects in both groups totalw Total number of wins in group 1 totall Total number of losses in group 1 tw A vector of total numbers of wins in group 1 for each of the outcomes. Note that totalw=sum(tw), the first element is for the most important outcome, the second elemnet is for the second important outcome etc. tl A vector of total numbers of losses in group 1 for each of the outcomes. Note that totall=sum(tl), the first element is for the most important outcome, the second elemnet is for the second important outcome etc. xp The ratios between tw and tl cwindex The win contribution index defined as the ratio between tw and totalw+totall clindex The loss contribution index defined as the ratio between tl and totalw+totall wr Win ratio defined as totalw/totall vr Asymptotic variance of the win ratio under alterantive hypothesis vr0 Asymptotic variance of the win ratio under global null hypothesis tr standardized log(wr) using the variance vr pr 2-sided p-value of tr tr0 standardized log(wr) using the variance vr0 pr0 2-sided p-value of tr0 wd Win difference defined as totalw-totall vd Asymptotic variance of the win difference under alterantive hypothesis. The first element is the variance when the group assignment is considered as fixed, and the second element is the variance when the group assignment is considered as random, so the second element is slightly larger than the first element when with unequal allocations. vd0 Asymptotic variance of the win difference under global null hypothesis td standardized wd using the variance vd pd 2-sided p-values of td td0 standardized wd using the variance vd0 pd0 2-sided p-value of td0 wp Win product defined as the product of tw/tl vp Asymptotic variance of the win product under alterantive hypothesis vp0 Asymptotic variance of the win product under global null hypothesis tp standardized log(wp) using the variancevp pp 2-sided p-value of tp tp0 standardized log(wp) using the variancevp0 pp0 2-sided p-value of tp0

Xiaodong Luo

## References

Pocock S.J., Ariti C.A., Collier T. J. and Wang D. 2012. The win ratio: a new approach to the analysis of composite endpoints in clinical trials based on clinical priorities. European Heart Journal, 33, 176-182.

Luo X., Tian H., Mohanty S. and Tsai W.-Y. 2015. An alternative approach to confidence interval estimation for the win ratio statistic. Biometrics, 71, 139-145.

Bebu I. and Lachin J.M. 2016. Large sample inference for a win ratio analysis of a composite outcome based on prioritized components. Biostatistics, 17, 178-187.

wlogr2,winratio,wwratio
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 ########################################################## ## Example 1: survival (semi-competing risks) example ## with terminal event having higher priority ########################################################## ############################## ## Step 1: data generation ############################## n<-200 rho<-0.5 b2<-0.0 b1<-0.0 bc<-1.0 lambda10<-0.1;lambda20<-0.08;lambdac0<-0.09 lam1<-rep(0,n);lam2<-rep(0,n);lamc<-rep(0,n) z<-rep(0,n) z[1:(n/2)]<-1 lam1<-lambda10*exp(-b1*z) lam2<-lambda20*exp(-b2*z) lamc<-lambdac0*exp(-bc*z) tem<-matrix(0,ncol=3,nrow=n) y2y<-matrix(0,nrow=n,ncol=3) y2y[,1]<-rnorm(n);y2y[,3]<-rnorm(n) y2y[,2]<-rho*y2y[,1]+sqrt(1-rho^2)*y2y[,3] tem[,1]<--log(1-pnorm(y2y[,1]))/lam1 tem[,2]<--log(1-pnorm(y2y[,2]))/lam2 tem[,3]<--log(1-runif(n))/lamc y1<-apply(tem,1,min) y2<-apply(tem[,2:3],1,min) d1<-as.numeric(tem[,1]<=y1) d2<-as.numeric(tem[,2]<=y2) ###un-weighted win loss wtest<-winratio(y1,y2,d1,d2,z) summary(wtest) i<-1 ##i=1,2,3,4 j<-1 ##j=1,2 ###weighted win loss wwtest<-wwratio(y1,y2,d1,d2,z,wty1=i,wty2=j) summary(wwtest) ####general win loss ###Define the win loss function comp<-function(y,x){ y1i<-y[1];y2i<-y[2];d1i<-y[3];d2i<-y[4] y1j<-x[1];y2j<-x[2];d1j<-x[3];d2j<-x[4] w2<-0;w1<-0;l2<-0;l1<-0 if (d2j==1 & y2i>=y2j) w2<-1 else if (d2i==1 & y2j>=y2i) l2<-1 if (w2==0 & l2==0 & d1j==1 & y1i>=y1j) w1<-1 else if (w2==0 & l2==0 & d1i==1 & y1j>=y1i) l1<-1 comp<-0 if (w2==1) comp<-1 else if (l2==1) comp<-(-1) else if (w1==1) comp<-2 else if (l1==1) comp<-(-2) comp } ###Use the user-defined win loss function to calculate the win loss matrix y<-cbind(y1,y2,d1,d2) yy1<-y[z==1,] yy0<-y[z==0,] n1<-sum(z==1) n0<-sum(z==0) bindex<-matrix(0,nrow=n1,ncol=n0) for (i in 1:n1)for (j in 1:n0)bindex[i,j]<-comp(yy1[i,],yy0[j,]) ###Use the calculated win loss matrix to calculate the general win loss statistics bgwr<-genwr(bindex) summary(bgwr) ################################################################## # Note: if n>=1000 or the win loss function is complex, # one may experience long runtime. One may instead use C, C++, # Fortran, Python to code the win loss function. # The following provides an example using Fortran 95 code to # define the win loss matrix and then port it back to R # using the package "inline" ################################################################## ##################################################### # This is to install and load package "inline" # so that we can compile user-defined # win loss function # #install.packages("inline") library("inline") ############################################################## # You may also need to have rtools and gcc in the PATH # The following code add these # for the current R session ONLY # Please remove the '#' in the following 6 lines. # #rtools <- "C:\Rtools\bin" #gcc <- "C:\Rtools\gcc-4.6.3\bin" #path <- strsplit(Sys.getenv("PATH"), ";")[[1]] #new_path <- c(rtools, gcc, path) #new_path <- new_path[!duplicated(tolower(new_path))] #Sys.setenv(PATH = paste(new_path, collapse = ";")) ############################################################## ###Define the win loss indicator by a user-supplied function codex5 <- " integer::i,j,indexij,d1i,d2i,d1j,d2j,w2,w1,l2,l1 double precision::y1i,y2i,y1j,y2j do i=1,n1,1 y1i=y(i,1);y2i=y(i,2);d1i=dnint(y(i,3));d2i=dnint(y(i,4)) do j=1,n0,1 y1j=x(j,1);y2j=x(j,2);d1j=dnint(x(j,3));d2j=dnint(x(j,4)) w2=0;w1=0;l2=0;l1=0 if (d2j==1 .and. y2i>=y2j) then w2=1 else if (d2i==1 .and. y2j>=y2i) then l2=1 end if if (w2==0 .and. l2==0 .and. d1j==1 .and. y1i>=y1j) then w1=1 else if (w2==0 .and. l2==0 .and. d1i==1 .and. y1j>=y1i) then l1=1 end if aindex(i,j)=0 if (w2==1) then aindex(i,j)=1 else if (l2==1) then aindex(i,j)=-1 else if (w1==1) then aindex(i,j)=2 else if (l1==1) then aindex(i,j)=-2 end if end do end do " ###End of defining the win loss indicator by a user-supplied function ###Convert the above code to Fortran 95 code and port it back to R cubefnx5<-cfunction(sig = signature(n1="integer",n0="integer",p="integer", y="numeric",x="numeric", aindex="integer"), implicit = "none", dim = c("", "", "", "(n1,p)","(n0,p)","(n1,n0)"), codex5, language="F95") ###Use the above defined function to calculate the win loss indicators y<-cbind(y1,y2,d1,d2) yy1<-y[z==1,] yy0<-y[z==0,] n1<-sum(z==1) n0<-sum(z==0) options(object.size=1.0E+10) ##The following is the win loss indicator matrix aindex<-matrix(cubefnx5(n1,n0,length(y[1,]), yy1,yy0, matrix(0,nrow=n1,ncol=n0))$aindex,byrow=FALSE,ncol=n0) ###Use the win loss indicator matrix to calculate the general win loss statistics agwr<-genwr(aindex) summary(agwr) ########################################################## ## Example 2: Continuous outcome example ## suppose there are two outcomes (y1,y2) following bivariate normal dist ## y1 is more important than y2, when comparing with (x1,x2) from another subject ## a win of first outcome if y1>x1+1 and a loss if y1x2+0.5 ## and a loss if y2(y1j+1.0)) then w1=1 else if (y1i<(y1j-1.0)) then l1=1 end if if (w1==0 .and. l1==0 .and. y2i>(y2j+0.5)) then w2=1 else if (w1==0 .and. l1==0 .and. y2i<(y2j-0.5)) then l2=1 end if aindex(i,j)=0 if (w1==1) then aindex(i,j)=1 else if (l1==1) then aindex(i,j)=-1 else if (w2==1) then aindex(i,j)=2 else if (l2==1) then aindex(i,j)=-2 end if end do end do " ###End of defining the win loss indicator by a user-supplied function ###Convert the above code to Fortran 95 code and port it back to R cubefnx6<-cfunction(sig = signature(n1="integer",n0="integer",p="integer", y="numeric",x="numeric", aindex="integer"), implicit = "none", dim = c("", "", "", "(n1,p)","(n0,p)","(n1,n0)"), codex6, language="F95") ###Use the above defined function to calculate the win loss indicators y<-cbind(y1,y2) yy1<-y[z==1,] yy0<-y[z==0,] n1<-sum(z==1) n0<-sum(z==0) options(object.size=1.0E+10) ##The following is the win loss indicator matrix aindex<-matrix(cubefnx6(n1,n0,length(y[1,]), yy1,yy0, matrix(0,nrow=n1,ncol=n0))$aindex,byrow=FALSE,ncol=n0) ###Use the win loss indicator matrix to calculate the general win loss statistics agwr<-genwr(aindex) summary(agwr)