R/seats_fed.R

In electionsBR: R Functions to Download and Clean Brazilian Electoral Data

#' Download data on the number of seats under dispute in federal elections
#'
#' \code{seats_fed()} downloads and aggregates data on the number of seats under dispute in
#' federal elections in Brazil. The function returns a \code{tbl, data.frame} where each observation
#' corresponds to a district-office dyad.
#'
#' @note For the elections prior to 2000, some information can be incomplete.
#'
#' @param year Election year. For this function, only the years of 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018
#' are available.
#' 
#' @param uf Federation Unit acronym (\code{character} vector).
#' 
#' @param br_archive In the TSE's data repository, some results can be obtained for the whole country by loading a single
#' within a single file by setting this argument to \code{TRUE} (may not work in for some elections and, in 
#' other, it recoverns only electoral data for presidential elections, absent in other files).
#'
#' @param ascii (\code{logical}). Should the text be transformed from Latin-1 to ASCII format?
#'
#' @param encoding Data original encoding (defaults to 'Latin-1'). This can be changed to avoid errors
#' when \code{ascii = TRUE}.
#' 
#' @param export (\code{logical}). Should the downloaded data be saved in .dta and .sav in the current directory?
#' 
#' @param temp (\code{logical}). If \code{TRUE} keep temporary compressed file
#'
#' @details If export is set to \code{TRUE}, the downloaded data is saved as .dta and .sav
#'  files in the current directory.
#'
#' @return \code{seats_fed()} returns a \code{data.frame} with the following variables:
#'
#' \itemize{
#'   \item DATA_GERACAO: Generation date of the file (when the data was collected).
#'   \item HORA_GERACAO: Generation time of the file (when the data was collected), Brasilia Time.
#'   \item ANO_ELEICAO: Election year.
#'   \item DESCRICAO_ELEICAO: Description of the election.
#'   \item SIGLA_UF: Units of the Federation's acronym in which occurred the election.
#'   \item SIGLA_UE: Units of the Federation's acronym (In case of major election is the FU's 
#'   acronym in which the candidate runs for (text) and in case of municipal election is the
#'   municipal's Supreme Electoral Court code (number)). Assume the special values BR, ZZ and
#'   VT to designate, respectively, Brazil, Overseas and Absentee Ballot.
#'   \item NOME_UE: Description of the Electoral Unit.
#'   \item CODIGO_CARGO: Code of the position that the candidate runs for.
#'   \item DESCRICAO_CARGO: Description of the position that the candidate runs for.
#'   \item QTDE_VAGAS: number of seats under dispute.
#' }
#' 
#' @seealso \code{\link{seats_local}} for local elections in Brazil.
#' 
#' @import utils
#' @importFrom magrittr "%>%"
#' @export
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' df <- seats_fed(2000)
#' }

seats_fed <- function(year, uf = "all",  
                      br_archive = FALSE, 
                      ascii = FALSE, 
                      encoding = "latin1", 
                      export = FALSE,
                      temp = TRUE){
  
  
  # Input tests
  test_encoding(encoding)
  test_fed_year(year)
  uf <- test_uf(uf)
  test_br(br_archive)
  
  filenames  <- paste0("/consulta_vagas_", year, ".zip")
  dados <- paste0(file.path(tempdir()), filenames)
  url <- "https://cdn.tse.jus.br/estatistica/sead/odsele/consulta_vagas%s"
  
  # Downloads the data
  download_unzip(url, dados, filenames, year)
  
  # remover temp file
  if(temp == FALSE){
    unlink(dados)
  }
  
  # Cleans the data
  setwd(as.character(year))
  banco <- juntaDados(uf, encoding, br_archive)
  setwd("..")
  unlink(as.character(year), recursive = T)
  
  # Change variable names
  if(year < 2014){
    names(banco) <- c("DATA_GERACAO", "HORA_GERACAO", "ANO_ELEICAO", "DESCRICAO_ELEICAO",
                      "SIGLA_UF", "SIGLA_UE", "NOME_UE", "CODIGO_CARGO", "DESCRICAO_CARGO",
                      "QTDE_VAGAS")
  }else{
    names(banco) <- c("DATA_GERACAO", "HORA_GERACAO", "ANO_ELEICAO", "COD_TIPO_ELEICAO", 
                      "NOME_TIPO_ELEICAO", "COD_ELEICAO", "DESCRICAO_ELEICAO", 
                      "DATA_ELEICAO", "DATA_POSSE", "SIGLA_UF", "SIGLA_UE", "NOME_UE",        
                      "CODIGO_CARGO", "DESCRICAO_CARGO", "QTDE_VAGAS" )
  }

  
  # Change to ascii
  if(ascii) banco <- to_ascii(banco, encoding)
  
  # Export
  if(export) export_data(banco)
  
  message("Done.\n")
  return(banco)
}