Nothing
R/get_env_names.r
In envnames: Keep Track of User-Defined Environment Names
Defines functions
get_env_names
Documented in
get_env_names
#' Create a lookup table with address-name pairs of environments
#'
#' Return a data frame containing the address-name pairs of system, package, namespace, user-defined,
#' and function execution environments in the whole workspace or within a given environment.
#'
#' The table includes the empty environment as well when the address-name pairs map is constructed
#' on the whole workspace.
#'
#' @param envir environment where environments are searched for to construct the lookup table.
#' It defaults to \code{NULL} which means that all environments in the whole workspace should be searched for
#' and all packages in the \code{search()} path should be returned including their namespace environments.
#' @param include_functions flag indicating whether to include in the returned data frame
#' user-defined environments defined inside function execution environments.
#'
#' @details
#' The search for environments is recursive, meaning that a search is carried out for environments defined
#' within other user-defined environments and, when \code{include_functions=TRUE} within function execution
#' environments.
#'
#' The search within packages is always on \emph{exported objects} only.
#'
#' If \code{envir=NULL} the lookup table includes all system, package, and namespace environments
#' in the \code{search()} path, as well as all user-defined found in \emph{any} of those environments
#' (with recursive search), and all function execution environments.
#'
#' If \code{envir} is not \code{NULL} the lookup table includes just the user-defined and
#' function execution environments found inside the given environment (with recursive search).
#'
#' @return A data frame containing the following seven columns:
#' \itemize{
#' \item{\code{type}} type of environment ("user" for user-defined environments,
#' "function" for function execution environments, "system/package" for system or package environments,
#' "namespace" for namespace environments, and "empty" for empty environments such as emptyenv()).
#' \item{\code{location}} location of the environment, which is only non-\code{NA} for user-defined
#' and function execution environments:
#' \itemize{
#' \item for a user-defined environment, the location is the system environment or package where
#' the environment resides (note that this may be different from the parent environment if the
#' parent environment was set during creation with the \code{parent=} option of the \code{new.env()}
#' function or using the \code{parent.env()} function)
#' \item for a function execution environment, the location is the function's enclosing environment, i.e. the environment
#' where the function is defined.
#' }
#' \item{\code{locationaddress}} the memory address of the \code{location} environment.
#' \item{\code{address}} memory address of the environment. This is the key piece of information used
#' by the package to retrieve the environment name with the \code{environment_name()} function.
#' For functions, this is the address of the function's execution environment.
#' \item{\code{pathname}} path to the environment and its name. This is the combination of columns
#' \code{path} and \code{name} whose values are put together separated by \code{$}.
#' \item{\code{path}} path to the environment (i.e. all environments that need to be traversed in order
#' to reach the environment).
#' \item{\code{name}} name of the environment.
#' }
#' The \code{type} column is used to distinguish between user-defined environments, function execution
#' environments, package or system environments, namespace environments, and empty environments.
#'
#' The data frame is empty if no environments are found in the given \code{envir} environment.
#'
#' \code{NULL} is returned when an error occurs.
#'
#' @examples
#' # Create example of chained environments
#' env1 <- new.env()
#' with(env1, env11 <- new.env())
#' with(env1$env11, envx <- new.env())
#'
#' # Address-name pairs of all environments defined in the workspace,
#' # including environments in the search path
#' get_env_names() # returns a data frame with at least the following user environments:
#' # "env1", "env1$env11", "env1$env11$envx"
#'
#' # Address-name pairs of the environments defined in a given user-defined environment
#' get_env_names(env1) # returns a data frame with the following user environments:
#' # "env11", "env11$envx"
#'
#' # Address-name pairs of the environments defined in a given package
#' get_env_names(as.environment("package:stats")) # should return an empty data frame
#' # (since the stats package does not
#' # have any environments defined)
get_env_names = function(envir=NULL, include_functions=FALSE) {
#-------------------------------- Auxiliary functions ---------------------------------------
get_informative_environment_name = function(envir) {
# The informative environment name is one that gives information to the user.
# Therefore, we need to distinguish whether get_env_names() was called from
# the outside world or from another function in the envnames package such as
# environment_name().
# In fact:
# - when calling get_env_names() from the outside world, we simply deparse
# substitute parameter 'envir' in the calling environment => we use parent.frame(n=1)
# - when calling get_env_names() from another function in the envnames package
# (such as environment_name()), we need to deparse substitute parameter 'envir'
# in the environment calling e.g. environment_name() => we use parent.frame(n=2)
# (if we used parent.frame(n=1) as above the name of 'envir' resolves to "envir"
# and this is uninformative to the user)
# IMPORTANT: using parent.frame(n=2) in the second case ASSUMES that there is only
# one function in package envnames calling get_env_names(), as opposed to calling
# get_env_names() through a chain such as, obj_find() calls environment_name()
# which in turn calls get_env_names()...
fun_calling = get_fun_calling(n=2)
fun_calling_location_and_function = extract_root_and_last_member(fun_calling)
if (!is.null(fun_calling_location_and_function) &&
fun_calling_location_and_function$root == "envnames" &&
fun_calling_location_and_function$name != get_fun_name(n=1)) { # get_fun_name(n=1) should refer to get_env_names()
envir_name = deparse(substitute(envir, parent.frame(n=2)))
} else {
envir_name = deparse(substitute(envir, parent.frame(n=1)))
}
}
#-------------------------------- Auxiliary functions ---------------------------------------
# Parse input parameters
if (!is.null(envir) && !is.environment(envir)) {
error_NotValidEnvironment(deparse(substitute(envir)))
return(NULL)
}
# Initialize the output table to a data frame
env_table = data.frame( type=character(0),
location=character(0),
locationaddress=character(0),
address=character(0),
pathname=character(0),
path=character(0),
name=character(0),
stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
#-------------------------- 1. First level search of environments ---------------------------
### 1a) Look for user-defined environments either within the given 'envir' environment or
### within the whole workspace (i.e. within all system and package environments reachable via the search() path)
if (is.null(envir)) {
# Look for user-defined environments in the WHOLE workspace (i.e. in the system/packages in the search() path)
env_user_names = get_user_environment_names_in_search_path()
} else {
env_user_names = get_user_environment_names_in_env(envir)
# Assign a names attribute because this is used by the process that looks for environments inside 'envir' below
# in order to define the LOCATION of the environments found in that search and its address, which will then
# fill the 'location' and 'locationaddress' columns of the output envmap data frame.
envir_name = get_informative_environment_name(envir)
names(env_user_names) = rep(envir_name, length(env_user_names))
}
# Continue processing if either:
# - at least one environment was found or
# - the whole workspace is searched for in which case we should include all system, package, and
# namespace environments in the lookup table. Note that this is the case when the user passed envir=NULL.
if (length(env_user_names) > 0 || is.null(envir)) {
if (is.null(envir)) {
### Search for environments should be carried out in all the workspace
### => The environments defined in the whole workspace must be retrieved
### 1b) Get the address-name pairs of all non-empty system/package/namespace environments
### (e.g. .GlobalEnv, package:stats, package:base, etc.) (the empty environment
### is added below to the lookup table)
#-- System and packages
env_addresses_system_and_packages = get_searchpath_environment_addresses()
#-- Namespaces
# Store the namespace environment of each package as well!
# (for instance, the functions defined by each package are defined in their namespace environment
# so this allows us to easily retrieve the environment of a function (e.g. "base" for the mean() function))
env_addresses_namespaces = get_namespace_addresses()
} else {
# Set the addresses of packages to an array of 0 length (because this array is used below)
env_addresses_system_and_packages = character(0)
env_addresses_namespaces = character(0)
}
#-------------------------- 2. Recursive search of environments ---------------------------
# Recursively search for user-defined environments inside user-defined environments found in step (1)
env_fullnames_user_recursive = character(0)
env_addresses_user_recursive = character(0)
env_locationaddresses_user_recursive = character(0)
if (length(env_user_names) > 0) {
# Search for environments within each user-defined environment found in step (1a)
# These evironments are ADDED to the already existing ones meaning that the output of this process
# includes the user-defined environments found in step (1a).
user_environments_recursive = get_user_environments_in_user_envs_recursively(env_user_names, envir)
}
# Create a small lookup table that contains the name of user-defined environments and their memory address
# so that we can retrieve the environment name in case one of the functions analyzed
# in the next step below is defined precisely there but such environment is not mentioned
# in the function call (as in e.g. env1$f), making the result of sys.calls() not contain
# the piece of the call 'env1', and therefore making it impossible to find the environment name
# (unless we store it here in this small lookup table, together with its memory address)
envmap_env_user = data.frame(env_name=user_environments_recursive$fullnames,
env_address=user_environments_recursive$addresses,
stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
#--------------------- 3. Add execution environments of functions -------------------------
# Check if this function get_env_names() was called from within a function
# Get all the function calls in the calling chain
# NOTES:
# - we CANNOT call get_fun_calling_chain() (which does precisely this job) because that function
# calls get_env_names() and we would enter a recursive loop!
# - sys.calls() will always return at least one element: the call to this function get_env_names()
all_calls = sys.calls()
# Initialize the arrays that will possibly (if there are any functions)
# store the information about function environments and about user-defined
# environments defined inside those function environments.
env_locations_function = character(0) # Locations of function execution environments
env_locationaddresses_function = character(0) # Memory addresses of the location of the function execution environment (e.g. address of env1 if we talk about env1$f)
env_addresses_function = character(0) # Memory addresses of the function execution environments
env_fullnames_function = character(0) # Names of function execution environments with their full path (e.g. env1$f)
env_execenv_fun = c() # Function execution environments
env_fullnames_user_inside_function = character(0) # Full names of user-defined environments inside function environments
env_addresses_user_inside_function = character(0) # Addresses of user-defined environments inside function environments
env_locationaddresses_user_inside_function = character(0) # Addresses of the function inside which user-defined environments are found
ncalls = length(all_calls)
if (ncalls > 2) {
# This means that get_env_names() was called from within a function
# Note that get_env_names() is part of the function calling chain, so that's why we compare > 2 and not > 1,
# because we are not interested in the get_env_names() function.
# => crawl the calling chain and retrieve the execution environment of each of the functions in the chain
# and add it to the environment map table.
# Iterate on all the calls from the first one to the previous to latest
# NOTES:
# - we exclude the last call because it is THIS function get_env_names(), on which we are not interested)
# - we start with the first call because we need to store the information about the execution environments in a small envmap table,
# so that we can retrieve the NAME of the environment should a function be defined INSIDE ANOTHER function.
# - IMPORTANT: it suffices to store the lookup table for the execution environments of the functions in the calling chain
# because it is NOT possible to call a function defined in a function that is NOT part of the calling chain, because that
# function will NOT be found! In addition, functions are visible if they have ALREADY been defined in the calling chain
# but not if they are defined in the calling chain down the line (good for us! as it makes this process easier!)
# So, if f1() -> g1() -> h1() where g1() is defined inside f1() and h1() is defined inside g1(), f1() and g1() are
# visible from h1() but h1() is NOT visible from f1() nor g1().
# Table that will contain the name of the functions in the calling chain and the memory address of their execution environment
envmap_calling_chain = data.frame(matrix(nrow=ncalls-1, ncol=2))
names(envmap_calling_chain) = c("fun_name", "fun_exec_address")
for (c in seq(1, ncalls-1, 1)) {
level = ncalls - c
# Get the function name and its execution environment address
fun_name = as.character(all_calls[[c]])[1]
fun_exec_env = sys.frame(-level)
fun_exec_address = address(fun_exec_env)
# Add the memory address to the small envmap lookup table that contains the map for the functions in the calling chain
envmap_calling_chain[c, ] = c(fun_name, fun_exec_address)
#-- Update the arrays with the required information to store in the environment map table
# IMPORTANT: Note that we use sys.frame(-level) to retrieve the execution environment of the calling function
# and NOT parent.frame(level)... This is because parent.frames may not always include internal functions in
# the counting of parent frames (e.g. print() if we call print(get_env_names())), as explained in the Note
# section of the documentation for sys.parent.
# Check if fun_name contains the $ operator (e.g. env_of_envs$env1$f)
if ( length(grep("\\$", fun_name)) > 0 ) {
# The function is defined in a user-defined environment (i.e. its enclosing environment is a user-defined environment)
# (note that sys.calls() includes these environments as part of the function name!)
# => Define the location environment (location_env) as the parent environment of the first environment in the path
# because that's where the function sits (this is e.g. the parent environment of "env_of_envs" when the path is
# "env_of_envs$env1$f") so that we can use the environmentName() to get the name of such location environment (location_env)
members = extract_root_and_last_member(fun_name)
path_to_function = members$root
envs_to_function = unlist(strsplit(path_to_function, "\\$"))
parent_env = parent.env(fun_exec_env) # Start, as parent environment with the parent environment of the function's execution environment (i.e. the environment where the function is defined)
# TODO: (2017/09/26) Add a new column in the output lookup table containing the address of the path (e.g. of env_of_envs$env1)
# This would be then used by the look_for_environment() function defined in obj_find.r where we
# make reference to this column(!) in order to retrieve the location of an environment
# (e.g. the environment of a function execution environment).
# Currently there is no UNIT test that shows the use of this column... (still to be implemented)
#pathaddress = get_obj_address(parent_env)
for (i in seq_along(envs_to_function)) {
# Go to the parent environment of parent_env and update parent_env
parent_env = parent.env(parent_env)
}
# Set the location environment to the final parent_env environment obtained in the above loop
location_env = parent_env
} else {
# The function is NOT defined in a user-defined environment
# => Define the location environment (location_env) as the environment where the function is defined.
# Note that this is NOT the parent.env() because the parent.env() is the environment from which the function was called
# but we are not interested in this, we are interested in the environment where the function is defined.
# That is we should NOT define location_env as parent.env(sys.frame(-level))
# First convert the function name to actually a function
# Note that we evaluate the expression obtained from the function name in its parent environment because
# there the function will exist for sure.
# NOTE: Another way of obtaining the same thing would be to call eval(as.name(fun_name), envir=parent.env(fun_exec_env))
# which in fact I am using below before looking for user-defined environments inside the function execution environment
# and it seems to work.
call_as_function = try( eval(parse(text=fun_name), envir=parent.env(fun_exec_env)), silent=TRUE )
if (!inherits(call_as_function, "try-error")) {
location_env = environment(call_as_function)
}
}
location_env_address = address(location_env)
location_env_name = environmentName(location_env)
if (location_env_name == "") {
# The environment where the function is defined is either:
# - a function execution environment
# - a user-defined environment
# => Look for the environment address to retrieve its name
# in the two small envmap lookup tables created above, one for the
# function execution environments, and one for the user-defined environments
# Start with the function execution environments
ind = which( envmap_calling_chain[, "fun_exec_address"] == location_env_address )
if (length(ind) > 0) {
# length(ind) should be exactly 1, i.e. only one function should match the memory address of location_env
location_env_name = envmap_calling_chain[ind, "fun_name"]
} else {
# Look for the environment in the small envmap of user-defined environments created above
ind = which( envmap_env_user[, "env_address"] == location_env_address )
if (length(ind) > 0) {
# length(ind) MAY be more than 1, because there could be several user-defined environment
# pointing to the same environment and therefore having the same memory address.
# We pick the first matching environment based on alphabetical order of their name.
# NOTE that we COULD return ALL the matching environments (e.g. in a string separated by
# semicolon, or by a comma), but we choose to keep it simple and allow ONLY 1 location
# for a given user-defined environment. I.e. maybe the user wants to use the location
# information for some particular task and they are expecting there to have only one name.
ord = order(envmap_env_user[ind, "env_name"])
location_env_name = envmap_env_user[ind[ ord[1] ], "env_name"]
}
}
}
# Update the arrays that contain different type of information about the function execution environments
env_locations_function = c(env_locations_function, location_env_name)
env_locationaddresses_function = c(env_locationaddresses_function, location_env_address)
env_addresses_function = c(env_addresses_function, fun_exec_address)
env_fullnames_function = c(env_fullnames_function, fun_name)
env_execenv_fun = c(env_execenv_fun, fun_exec_env)
#cat("level:", level, ", fun:", fun_name, ", memory:", fun_exec_address, ", location:", location_env_name, "\n")
# Recursively look for user-defined environments defined inside the function execution environment
# (but ONLY when the function execution environment is NOT the environment_name() function
# of the envnames package --i.e. when fun_name is NOT "environment_name" and the environment
# where that function is defined is NOT the envnames package)
# That would be the case when e.g. the user called e.g. environment_name(env1, include_functions=TRUE):
# such call at one point makes a call to get_env_names(..., include_functions=TRUE) and the process
# will come to this precise point here, where user-defined environments are searched for inside the
# function execution environment of environment_name() (this search will happen when fun_name = "environment_name"
# in this loop) and the environment passed as parameter to the call 'environment_name(env1, ...)'
# (env1) would be found...
# And we DO NOT WANT to find that environment (because that environment is just an environment
# that was created by the call to environment_name() which the user called to look for an environment named
# 'env1' in the workspace and possibly inside functions in the calling chain, but the user is NOT interested
# in the 'env1' environment created inside the environment_name() execution environment creted by
# their call to environment_name()!
# NOTE: The situation when the environment_name() function is part of the function calling chain
# and we don't want to analyze it is part of one of the tests in test-environment_name.r, which,
# at the time of writing this (2018/12/30) is the T21 test that defines an environment called
# 'envfun' inside a function. When calling environment_name(envfun, include_functions=TRUE),
# the result of such call should be ONLY ONE environment, as opposed to two environments,
# which would be the case should this check here on the "environment_name" function not be performed.
if (include_functions &&
fun_name != "environment_name" && !identical( parent.env(fun_exec_env), asNamespace("envnames") )) {
## Recall that parent.env() gives the enclosing environment of the given environment,
## and in this case, this is the environment where the function whose execution environment
## given in fun_exec_env is defined (e.g. the environment where the environment_name() function is defined
## when fun_name = "environment_name")
# Look for user-defined environments defined inside the function execution environment being analyzed
env_user_names_in_fun = crawl_envs_in_env(fun_exec_env)
if (length(env_user_names_in_fun) > 0) {
# Use the location of the function as names attribute of the array
# containing the user-defined environment names found inside the function
# execution environment, since these are used as location when constructing
# the envmap table below.
names(env_user_names_in_fun) = rep(fun_name, length(env_user_names_in_fun))
# Get the environment addresses
env_user_addresses_in_fun = get_obj_addresses_from_obj_names(env_user_names_in_fun, envir=fun_exec_env)
# Add the user-defined environments found to the arrays collecting their information
env_fullnames_user_inside_function = c(env_fullnames_user_inside_function, env_user_names_in_fun)
env_addresses_user_inside_function = c(env_addresses_user_inside_function, env_user_addresses_in_fun)
env_locationaddresses_user_inside_function = c(env_locationaddresses_user_inside_function, rep(fun_exec_address, length(env_user_names_in_fun)))
}
}
}
}
#------------------------ 4. Put together all environments found --------------------------
# Put together all the info gathered so far about user-defined environments and system/package
# environments into the output data frame.
# Note: the type of address: "user", "function", or "system/package".
# This information may be of interest when dealing with environments and in particular is needed by obj_find()
# to know how to resolve the environment where an object is found from the environment name,
# whether using eval() for user-defined environments or as.environment() for system or package environments.
# First put together all the user-defined environments found, namely:
# a) the user-defined environments found inside system environments
# b) the user-defined environments found recursively inside other user-defined environments
# c) the user-defined environments found recursively inside function execution environments
# (a) and (b) are already together in the same array
# (c) is stored in a separate array
env_fullnames_user = c(user_environments_recursive$fullnames, env_fullnames_user_inside_function)
env_addresses_user = c(user_environments_recursive$addresses, env_addresses_user_inside_function)
env_locationaddresses_user = c(user_environments_recursive$locationaddresses, env_locationaddresses_user_inside_function)
# Now, if the map is constructed on the global workspace,
# define the set of empty environments (which are not allowed to contain any objects)
# (normally this is just the empty environment in R but just in case we make this list extendable)
# (note that the empty environment is NOT part of the search list returned by search(), so it's not
# considered a system or package environment)
if (is.null(envir)) {
env_addresses_empty = address(emptyenv())
names(env_addresses_empty) = "R_EmptyEnv"
} else {
env_addresses_empty = character(0)
}
n_user_environments = length(env_fullnames_user)
n_functions = length(env_fullnames_function)
n_system_and_packages = length(env_addresses_system_and_packages)
n_namespaces = length(env_addresses_namespaces)
n_empty = length(env_addresses_empty)
env_types = c(rep("user", n_user_environments),
rep("function", n_functions),
rep("system/package", n_system_and_packages),
rep("namespace", n_namespaces),
rep("empty", n_empty))
env_locations = c(names(env_fullnames_user),
env_locations_function,
rep(NA, n_system_and_packages),
rep(NA, n_namespaces),
rep(NA, n_empty))
env_locationaddresses = c(env_locationaddresses_user,
env_locationaddresses_function,
rep(NA, n_system_and_packages),
rep(NA, n_namespaces),
rep(NA, n_empty))
env_addresses = c(env_addresses_user,
env_addresses_function,
env_addresses_system_and_packages,
env_addresses_namespaces,
env_addresses_empty)
env_fullnames = c(env_fullnames_user,
env_fullnames_function,
names(env_addresses_system_and_packages),
names(env_addresses_namespaces),
names(env_addresses_empty))
# Separate the root and the name from env_full_names
env_roots_and_names = sapply(env_fullnames, FUN=extract_root_and_last_member)
env_paths = unlist( env_roots_and_names["root",] )
env_names = unlist( env_roots_and_names["name",] )
# Save the information in the env_table data frame
# NOTE: It's important to define row.names= if we don't want
# this to fail when there is only one row with the error message
# "row names contain missing values"!
env_table = data.frame( row.names=seq_along(env_types),
type=env_types,
location=env_locations,
locationaddress=env_locationaddresses,
address=env_addresses,
pathname=env_fullnames,
path=env_paths,
name=env_names,
stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
} # if (length(env_user_names) > 0)
return(env_table)
}
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Defines functions get_env_names
Documented in get_env_names
#' Create a lookup table with address-name pairs of environments
#'
#' Return a data frame containing the address-name pairs of system, package, namespace, user-defined,
#' and function execution environments in the whole workspace or within a given environment.
#'
#' The table includes the empty environment as well when the address-name pairs map is constructed
#' on the whole workspace.
#'
#' @param envir environment where environments are searched for to construct the lookup table.
#' It defaults to \code{NULL} which means that all environments in the whole workspace should be searched for
#' and all packages in the \code{search()} path should be returned including their namespace environments.
#' @param include_functions flag indicating whether to include in the returned data frame
#' user-defined environments defined inside function execution environments.
#'
#' @details
#' The search for environments is recursive, meaning that a search is carried out for environments defined
#' within other user-defined environments and, when \code{include_functions=TRUE} within function execution
#' environments.
#'
#' The search within packages is always on \emph{exported objects} only.
#'
#' If \code{envir=NULL} the lookup table includes all system, package, and namespace environments
#' in the \code{search()} path, as well as all user-defined found in \emph{any} of those environments
#' (with recursive search), and all function execution environments.
#'
#' If \code{envir} is not \code{NULL} the lookup table includes just the user-defined and
#' function execution environments found inside the given environment (with recursive search).
#'
#' @return A data frame containing the following seven columns:
#' \itemize{
#' \item{\code{type}} type of environment ("user" for user-defined environments,
#' "function" for function execution environments, "system/package" for system or package environments,
#' "namespace" for namespace environments, and "empty" for empty environments such as emptyenv()).
#' \item{\code{location}} location of the environment, which is only non-\code{NA} for user-defined
#' and function execution environments:
#' \itemize{
#' \item for a user-defined environment, the location is the system environment or package where
#' the environment resides (note that this may be different from the parent environment if the
#' parent environment was set during creation with the \code{parent=} option of the \code{new.env()}
#' function or using the \code{parent.env()} function)
#' \item for a function execution environment, the location is the function's enclosing environment, i.e. the environment
#' where the function is defined.
#' }
#' \item{\code{locationaddress}} the memory address of the \code{location} environment.
#' \item{\code{address}} memory address of the environment. This is the key piece of information used
#' by the package to retrieve the environment name with the \code{environment_name()} function.
#' For functions, this is the address of the function's execution environment.
#' \item{\code{pathname}} path to the environment and its name. This is the combination of columns
#' \code{path} and \code{name} whose values are put together separated by \code{$}.
#' \item{\code{path}} path to the environment (i.e. all environments that need to be traversed in order
#' to reach the environment).
#' \item{\code{name}} name of the environment.
#' }
#' The \code{type} column is used to distinguish between user-defined environments, function execution
#' environments, package or system environments, namespace environments, and empty environments.
#'
#' The data frame is empty if no environments are found in the given \code{envir} environment.
#'
#' \code{NULL} is returned when an error occurs.
#'
#' @examples
#' # Create example of chained environments
#' env1 <- new.env()
#' with(env1, env11 <- new.env())
#' with(env1$env11, envx <- new.env())
#'
#' # Address-name pairs of all environments defined in the workspace,
#' # including environments in the search path
#' get_env_names() # returns a data frame with at least the following user environments:
#' # "env1", "env1$env11", "env1$env11$envx"
#'
#' # Address-name pairs of the environments defined in a given user-defined environment
#' get_env_names(env1) # returns a data frame with the following user environments:
#' # "env11", "env11$envx"
#'
#' # Address-name pairs of the environments defined in a given package
#' get_env_names(as.environment("package:stats")) # should return an empty data frame
#' # (since the stats package does not
#' # have any environments defined)
get_env_names = function(envir=NULL, include_functions=FALSE) {
#-------------------------------- Auxiliary functions ---------------------------------------
get_informative_environment_name = function(envir) {
# The informative environment name is one that gives information to the user.
# Therefore, we need to distinguish whether get_env_names() was called from
# the outside world or from another function in the envnames package such as
# environment_name().
# In fact:
# - when calling get_env_names() from the outside world, we simply deparse
# substitute parameter 'envir' in the calling environment => we use parent.frame(n=1)
# - when calling get_env_names() from another function in the envnames package
# (such as environment_name()), we need to deparse substitute parameter 'envir'
# in the environment calling e.g. environment_name() => we use parent.frame(n=2)
# (if we used parent.frame(n=1) as above the name of 'envir' resolves to "envir"
# and this is uninformative to the user)
# IMPORTANT: using parent.frame(n=2) in the second case ASSUMES that there is only
# one function in package envnames calling get_env_names(), as opposed to calling
# get_env_names() through a chain such as, obj_find() calls environment_name()
# which in turn calls get_env_names()...
fun_calling = get_fun_calling(n=2)
fun_calling_location_and_function = extract_root_and_last_member(fun_calling)
if (!is.null(fun_calling_location_and_function) &&
fun_calling_location_and_function$root == "envnames" &&
fun_calling_location_and_function$name != get_fun_name(n=1)) { # get_fun_name(n=1) should refer to get_env_names()
envir_name = deparse(substitute(envir, parent.frame(n=2)))
} else {
envir_name = deparse(substitute(envir, parent.frame(n=1)))
}
}
#-------------------------------- Auxiliary functions ---------------------------------------
# Parse input parameters
if (!is.null(envir) && !is.environment(envir)) {
error_NotValidEnvironment(deparse(substitute(envir)))
return(NULL)
}
# Initialize the output table to a data frame
env_table = data.frame( type=character(0),
location=character(0),
locationaddress=character(0),
address=character(0),
pathname=character(0),
path=character(0),
name=character(0),
stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
#-------------------------- 1. First level search of environments ---------------------------
### 1a) Look for user-defined environments either within the given 'envir' environment or
### within the whole workspace (i.e. within all system and package environments reachable via the search() path)
if (is.null(envir)) {
# Look for user-defined environments in the WHOLE workspace (i.e. in the system/packages in the search() path)
env_user_names = get_user_environment_names_in_search_path()
} else {
env_user_names = get_user_environment_names_in_env(envir)
# Assign a names attribute because this is used by the process that looks for environments inside 'envir' below
# in order to define the LOCATION of the environments found in that search and its address, which will then
# fill the 'location' and 'locationaddress' columns of the output envmap data frame.
envir_name = get_informative_environment_name(envir)
names(env_user_names) = rep(envir_name, length(env_user_names))
}
# Continue processing if either:
# - at least one environment was found or
# - the whole workspace is searched for in which case we should include all system, package, and
# namespace environments in the lookup table. Note that this is the case when the user passed envir=NULL.
if (length(env_user_names) > 0 || is.null(envir)) {
if (is.null(envir)) {
### Search for environments should be carried out in all the workspace
### => The environments defined in the whole workspace must be retrieved
### 1b) Get the address-name pairs of all non-empty system/package/namespace environments
### (e.g. .GlobalEnv, package:stats, package:base, etc.) (the empty environment
### is added below to the lookup table)
#-- System and packages
env_addresses_system_and_packages = get_searchpath_environment_addresses()
#-- Namespaces
# Store the namespace environment of each package as well!
# (for instance, the functions defined by each package are defined in their namespace environment
# so this allows us to easily retrieve the environment of a function (e.g. "base" for the mean() function))
env_addresses_namespaces = get_namespace_addresses()
} else {
# Set the addresses of packages to an array of 0 length (because this array is used below)
env_addresses_system_and_packages = character(0)
env_addresses_namespaces = character(0)
}
#-------------------------- 2. Recursive search of environments ---------------------------
# Recursively search for user-defined environments inside user-defined environments found in step (1)
env_fullnames_user_recursive = character(0)
env_addresses_user_recursive = character(0)
env_locationaddresses_user_recursive = character(0)
if (length(env_user_names) > 0) {
# Search for environments within each user-defined environment found in step (1a)
# These evironments are ADDED to the already existing ones meaning that the output of this process
# includes the user-defined environments found in step (1a).
user_environments_recursive = get_user_environments_in_user_envs_recursively(env_user_names, envir)
}
# Create a small lookup table that contains the name of user-defined environments and their memory address
# so that we can retrieve the environment name in case one of the functions analyzed
# in the next step below is defined precisely there but such environment is not mentioned
# in the function call (as in e.g. env1$f), making the result of sys.calls() not contain
# the piece of the call 'env1', and therefore making it impossible to find the environment name
# (unless we store it here in this small lookup table, together with its memory address)
envmap_env_user = data.frame(env_name=user_environments_recursive$fullnames,
env_address=user_environments_recursive$addresses,
stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
#--------------------- 3. Add execution environments of functions -------------------------
# Check if this function get_env_names() was called from within a function
# Get all the function calls in the calling chain
# NOTES:
# - we CANNOT call get_fun_calling_chain() (which does precisely this job) because that function
# calls get_env_names() and we would enter a recursive loop!
# - sys.calls() will always return at least one element: the call to this function get_env_names()
all_calls = sys.calls()
# Initialize the arrays that will possibly (if there are any functions)
# store the information about function environments and about user-defined
# environments defined inside those function environments.
env_locations_function = character(0) # Locations of function execution environments
env_locationaddresses_function = character(0) # Memory addresses of the location of the function execution environment (e.g. address of env1 if we talk about env1$f)
env_addresses_function = character(0) # Memory addresses of the function execution environments
env_fullnames_function = character(0) # Names of function execution environments with their full path (e.g. env1$f)
env_execenv_fun = c() # Function execution environments
env_fullnames_user_inside_function = character(0) # Full names of user-defined environments inside function environments
env_addresses_user_inside_function = character(0) # Addresses of user-defined environments inside function environments
env_locationaddresses_user_inside_function = character(0) # Addresses of the function inside which user-defined environments are found
ncalls = length(all_calls)
if (ncalls > 2) {
# This means that get_env_names() was called from within a function
# Note that get_env_names() is part of the function calling chain, so that's why we compare > 2 and not > 1,
# because we are not interested in the get_env_names() function.
# => crawl the calling chain and retrieve the execution environment of each of the functions in the chain
# and add it to the environment map table.
# Iterate on all the calls from the first one to the previous to latest
# NOTES:
# - we exclude the last call because it is THIS function get_env_names(), on which we are not interested)
# - we start with the first call because we need to store the information about the execution environments in a small envmap table,
# so that we can retrieve the NAME of the environment should a function be defined INSIDE ANOTHER function.
# - IMPORTANT: it suffices to store the lookup table for the execution environments of the functions in the calling chain
# because it is NOT possible to call a function defined in a function that is NOT part of the calling chain, because that
# function will NOT be found! In addition, functions are visible if they have ALREADY been defined in the calling chain
# but not if they are defined in the calling chain down the line (good for us! as it makes this process easier!)
# So, if f1() -> g1() -> h1() where g1() is defined inside f1() and h1() is defined inside g1(), f1() and g1() are
# visible from h1() but h1() is NOT visible from f1() nor g1().
# Table that will contain the name of the functions in the calling chain and the memory address of their execution environment
envmap_calling_chain = data.frame(matrix(nrow=ncalls-1, ncol=2))
names(envmap_calling_chain) = c("fun_name", "fun_exec_address")
for (c in seq(1, ncalls-1, 1)) {
level = ncalls - c
# Get the function name and its execution environment address
fun_name = as.character(all_calls[[c]])[1]
fun_exec_env = sys.frame(-level)
fun_exec_address = address(fun_exec_env)
# Add the memory address to the small envmap lookup table that contains the map for the functions in the calling chain
envmap_calling_chain[c, ] = c(fun_name, fun_exec_address)
#-- Update the arrays with the required information to store in the environment map table
# IMPORTANT: Note that we use sys.frame(-level) to retrieve the execution environment of the calling function
# and NOT parent.frame(level)... This is because parent.frames may not always include internal functions in
# the counting of parent frames (e.g. print() if we call print(get_env_names())), as explained in the Note
# section of the documentation for sys.parent.
# Check if fun_name contains the $ operator (e.g. env_of_envs$env1$f)
if ( length(grep("\\$", fun_name)) > 0 ) {
# The function is defined in a user-defined environment (i.e. its enclosing environment is a user-defined environment)
# (note that sys.calls() includes these environments as part of the function name!)
# => Define the location environment (location_env) as the parent environment of the first environment in the path
# because that's where the function sits (this is e.g. the parent environment of "env_of_envs" when the path is
# "env_of_envs$env1$f") so that we can use the environmentName() to get the name of such location environment (location_env)
members = extract_root_and_last_member(fun_name)
path_to_function = members$root
envs_to_function = unlist(strsplit(path_to_function, "\\$"))
parent_env = parent.env(fun_exec_env) # Start, as parent environment with the parent environment of the function's execution environment (i.e. the environment where the function is defined)
# TODO: (2017/09/26) Add a new column in the output lookup table containing the address of the path (e.g. of env_of_envs$env1)
# This would be then used by the look_for_environment() function defined in obj_find.r where we
# make reference to this column(!) in order to retrieve the location of an environment
# (e.g. the environment of a function execution environment).
# Currently there is no UNIT test that shows the use of this column... (still to be implemented)
#pathaddress = get_obj_address(parent_env)
for (i in seq_along(envs_to_function)) {
# Go to the parent environment of parent_env and update parent_env
parent_env = parent.env(parent_env)
}
# Set the location environment to the final parent_env environment obtained in the above loop
location_env = parent_env
} else {
# The function is NOT defined in a user-defined environment
# => Define the location environment (location_env) as the environment where the function is defined.
# Note that this is NOT the parent.env() because the parent.env() is the environment from which the function was called
# but we are not interested in this, we are interested in the environment where the function is defined.
# That is we should NOT define location_env as parent.env(sys.frame(-level))
# First convert the function name to actually a function
# Note that we evaluate the expression obtained from the function name in its parent environment because
# there the function will exist for sure.
# NOTE: Another way of obtaining the same thing would be to call eval(as.name(fun_name), envir=parent.env(fun_exec_env))
# which in fact I am using below before looking for user-defined environments inside the function execution environment
# and it seems to work.
call_as_function = try( eval(parse(text=fun_name), envir=parent.env(fun_exec_env)), silent=TRUE )
if (!inherits(call_as_function, "try-error")) {
location_env = environment(call_as_function)
}
}
location_env_address = address(location_env)
location_env_name = environmentName(location_env)
if (location_env_name == "") {
# The environment where the function is defined is either:
# - a function execution environment
# - a user-defined environment
# => Look for the environment address to retrieve its name
# in the two small envmap lookup tables created above, one for the
# function execution environments, and one for the user-defined environments
# Start with the function execution environments
ind = which( envmap_calling_chain[, "fun_exec_address"] == location_env_address )
if (length(ind) > 0) {
# length(ind) should be exactly 1, i.e. only one function should match the memory address of location_env
location_env_name = envmap_calling_chain[ind, "fun_name"]
} else {
# Look for the environment in the small envmap of user-defined environments created above
ind = which( envmap_env_user[, "env_address"] == location_env_address )
if (length(ind) > 0) {
# length(ind) MAY be more than 1, because there could be several user-defined environment
# pointing to the same environment and therefore having the same memory address.
# We pick the first matching environment based on alphabetical order of their name.
# NOTE that we COULD return ALL the matching environments (e.g. in a string separated by
# semicolon, or by a comma), but we choose to keep it simple and allow ONLY 1 location
# for a given user-defined environment. I.e. maybe the user wants to use the location
# information for some particular task and they are expecting there to have only one name.
ord = order(envmap_env_user[ind, "env_name"])
location_env_name = envmap_env_user[ind[ ord[1] ], "env_name"]
}
}
}
# Update the arrays that contain different type of information about the function execution environments
env_locations_function = c(env_locations_function, location_env_name)
env_locationaddresses_function = c(env_locationaddresses_function, location_env_address)
env_addresses_function = c(env_addresses_function, fun_exec_address)
env_fullnames_function = c(env_fullnames_function, fun_name)
env_execenv_fun = c(env_execenv_fun, fun_exec_env)
#cat("level:", level, ", fun:", fun_name, ", memory:", fun_exec_address, ", location:", location_env_name, "\n")
# Recursively look for user-defined environments defined inside the function execution environment
# (but ONLY when the function execution environment is NOT the environment_name() function
# of the envnames package --i.e. when fun_name is NOT "environment_name" and the environment
# where that function is defined is NOT the envnames package)
# That would be the case when e.g. the user called e.g. environment_name(env1, include_functions=TRUE):
# such call at one point makes a call to get_env_names(..., include_functions=TRUE) and the process
# will come to this precise point here, where user-defined environments are searched for inside the
# function execution environment of environment_name() (this search will happen when fun_name = "environment_name"
# in this loop) and the environment passed as parameter to the call 'environment_name(env1, ...)'
# (env1) would be found...
# And we DO NOT WANT to find that environment (because that environment is just an environment
# that was created by the call to environment_name() which the user called to look for an environment named
# 'env1' in the workspace and possibly inside functions in the calling chain, but the user is NOT interested
# in the 'env1' environment created inside the environment_name() execution environment creted by
# their call to environment_name()!
# NOTE: The situation when the environment_name() function is part of the function calling chain
# and we don't want to analyze it is part of one of the tests in test-environment_name.r, which,
# at the time of writing this (2018/12/30) is the T21 test that defines an environment called
# 'envfun' inside a function. When calling environment_name(envfun, include_functions=TRUE),
# the result of such call should be ONLY ONE environment, as opposed to two environments,
# which would be the case should this check here on the "environment_name" function not be performed.
if (include_functions &&
fun_name != "environment_name" && !identical( parent.env(fun_exec_env), asNamespace("envnames") )) {
## Recall that parent.env() gives the enclosing environment of the given environment,
## and in this case, this is the environment where the function whose execution environment
## given in fun_exec_env is defined (e.g. the environment where the environment_name() function is defined
## when fun_name = "environment_name")
# Look for user-defined environments defined inside the function execution environment being analyzed
env_user_names_in_fun = crawl_envs_in_env(fun_exec_env)
if (length(env_user_names_in_fun) > 0) {
# Use the location of the function as names attribute of the array
# containing the user-defined environment names found inside the function
# execution environment, since these are used as location when constructing
# the envmap table below.
names(env_user_names_in_fun) = rep(fun_name, length(env_user_names_in_fun))
# Get the environment addresses
env_user_addresses_in_fun = get_obj_addresses_from_obj_names(env_user_names_in_fun, envir=fun_exec_env)
# Add the user-defined environments found to the arrays collecting their information
env_fullnames_user_inside_function = c(env_fullnames_user_inside_function, env_user_names_in_fun)
env_addresses_user_inside_function = c(env_addresses_user_inside_function, env_user_addresses_in_fun)
env_locationaddresses_user_inside_function = c(env_locationaddresses_user_inside_function, rep(fun_exec_address, length(env_user_names_in_fun)))
}
}
}
}
#------------------------ 4. Put together all environments found --------------------------
# Put together all the info gathered so far about user-defined environments and system/package
# environments into the output data frame.
# Note: the type of address: "user", "function", or "system/package".
# This information may be of interest when dealing with environments and in particular is needed by obj_find()
# to know how to resolve the environment where an object is found from the environment name,
# whether using eval() for user-defined environments or as.environment() for system or package environments.
# First put together all the user-defined environments found, namely:
# a) the user-defined environments found inside system environments
# b) the user-defined environments found recursively inside other user-defined environments
# c) the user-defined environments found recursively inside function execution environments
# (a) and (b) are already together in the same array
# (c) is stored in a separate array
env_fullnames_user = c(user_environments_recursive$fullnames, env_fullnames_user_inside_function)
env_addresses_user = c(user_environments_recursive$addresses, env_addresses_user_inside_function)
env_locationaddresses_user = c(user_environments_recursive$locationaddresses, env_locationaddresses_user_inside_function)
# Now, if the map is constructed on the global workspace,
# define the set of empty environments (which are not allowed to contain any objects)
# (normally this is just the empty environment in R but just in case we make this list extendable)
# (note that the empty environment is NOT part of the search list returned by search(), so it's not
# considered a system or package environment)
if (is.null(envir)) {
env_addresses_empty = address(emptyenv())
names(env_addresses_empty) = "R_EmptyEnv"
} else {
env_addresses_empty = character(0)
}
n_user_environments = length(env_fullnames_user)
n_functions = length(env_fullnames_function)
n_system_and_packages = length(env_addresses_system_and_packages)
n_namespaces = length(env_addresses_namespaces)
n_empty = length(env_addresses_empty)
env_types = c(rep("user", n_user_environments),
rep("function", n_functions),
rep("system/package", n_system_and_packages),
rep("namespace", n_namespaces),
rep("empty", n_empty))
env_locations = c(names(env_fullnames_user),
env_locations_function,
rep(NA, n_system_and_packages),
rep(NA, n_namespaces),
rep(NA, n_empty))
env_locationaddresses = c(env_locationaddresses_user,
env_locationaddresses_function,
rep(NA, n_system_and_packages),
rep(NA, n_namespaces),
rep(NA, n_empty))
env_addresses = c(env_addresses_user,
env_addresses_function,
env_addresses_system_and_packages,
env_addresses_namespaces,
env_addresses_empty)
env_fullnames = c(env_fullnames_user,
env_fullnames_function,
names(env_addresses_system_and_packages),
names(env_addresses_namespaces),
names(env_addresses_empty))
# Separate the root and the name from env_full_names
env_roots_and_names = sapply(env_fullnames, FUN=extract_root_and_last_member)
env_paths = unlist( env_roots_and_names["root",] )
env_names = unlist( env_roots_and_names["name",] )
# Save the information in the env_table data frame
# NOTE: It's important to define row.names= if we don't want
# this to fail when there is only one row with the error message
# "row names contain missing values"!
env_table = data.frame( row.names=seq_along(env_types),
type=env_types,
location=env_locations,
locationaddress=env_locationaddresses,
address=env_addresses,
pathname=env_fullnames,
path=env_paths,
name=env_names,
stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
} # if (length(env_user_names) > 0)
return(env_table)
}
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