sampson: Longitudinal and cumulative networks of positive and negative...

In ergm: Fit, Simulate and Diagnose Exponential-Family Models for Networks

Longitudinal and cumulative networks of positive and negative affect in a monastery

Description

A collection of network objects containing the "liking" nominations of the monks studied by \insertCiteSa68n;textualergm over the three time points: data(samplk) contains the time-sliced networks of liking and disliking (samplk1, samplk2, samplk3, sampdlk1, sampdlk2, and sampdlk3) and data(sampson) (samplike) a network cumulative network of liking nominations.

Usage

data(sampson)
data(samplk)

Details

\insertCite

Sa68n;textualergm recorded the social interactions among a group of monks while he was a resident as an experimenter at the cloister. During his stay, a political "crisis in the cloister" resulted in the expulsion of four monks– namely, the three "outcasts," Brothers Elias, Simplicius, Basil, and the leader of the "young Turks," Brother Gregory. Not long after Brother Gregory departed, all but one of the "young Turks" left voluntarily: Brothers John Bosco, Albert, Boniface, Hugh, and Mark. Then, all three of the "waverers" also left: First, Brothers Amand and Victor, then later Brother Romuald. Eventually, Brother Peter and Brother Winfrid also left, leaving only four of the original group.

Of particular interest are the data on positive affect relations ("liking," using the terminology later adopted by \insertCiteWhBo76s;textualergm), in which each monk was asked to list three monks with whom he had positive affect ("liked the most", "liked 2nd most", and "liked 3rd most") and three monks with whom he had negative affect ("liked the least", "liked 2nd least", liked 3rd least"). (Some did not comply fully and provided additional names, forcing ties.)

The data were gathered at three times to capture changes in group sentiment over time. They represent three time points in the period during which a new cohort had entered the monastery near the end of the study but before the major conflict began. These three time points are labeled T2, T3, and T4 in Tables D5 through D16 in the appendices of Sampson's 1969 dissertation.

This data set is standard in the social network analysis literature, having been modeled by \insertCiteHoLe81e;textualergm, \insertCiteRe82u;textualergm, \insertCiteHoLa83s;textualergm, \insertCiteFiWa81c;textualergm, \insertCiteHoRa02l;textualergm (using samplk3), and \insertCiteKrHa09r;textualergm (samplike). This is only a small piece of the data collected by Sampson.

Common attributes

All of the networks contain the following identical vertex attributes:

cloisterville

An indicator of attendance at the minor seminary of "Cloisterville" before coming to the monastery.

vertex.names

The given names of the novices. NB: These names have been corrected as of ergm version 3.6.1; see details below.

group4

The original grouping by Sampson ("[Young] Turks", "Loyal [Opposition]", "Outcasts", and "Waverers").

group3

As group4, but with "Waverers" merged into their nearest group; retained for historical reasons.

Note that the group vertex attribute differs between sampson and samplk for historical reasons.

Time-sliced networks (samplk)

The data from the three time points (T2, T3, T4) are provided as samplk1, samplk2, and samplk3 for liking most and sampdlk1, sampdlk2, and sampdlk3 for liking least, respectively. A directed edge from monk A to monk B exists if A nominated B among his top three (or four, in case of ties) choices at that time point. Each network also has an edge attribute score, indicating the ranking given:

list	score
liked the most	+3
liked 2nd most	+2
liked 3rd most	+1
not nominated	0
liked 3rd least	-1
liked 2nd least	-2
liked the least	-3

Note that the samplk[1-3] networks only contain positive scores and sampdlk[1-3] only negative.

For historical reasons, their vertex attribute group is the same as group4 described above.

Cumulative ties (sampson)

The samplike network is the time-aggregated network. Thus, a tie from monk A to monk B exists if A nominated B as one of his three (or four, in case of ties) most liked at any of the three time points. An edge attribute, nominations, gives the number of times (out of 3) that monk A nominated monk B.

For historical reasons, its vertex attribute group is the same as group3 described above.

History

Dislike networks, edge scores, and group harmonization

ergm 4.11 added dislike networks sampdlk[1-3]; note that unlike the positive affection networks, it is not clear whether these were collected contemporaneously or retrospectively.

For all networks in samplk, scores reflecting the position in the ranking were added.

The group vertex attribute meaning differed between the sampson (samplike) and the samplk networks and will continue to do so for reproducibility; for removal of ambiguity, both datasets now have group3 and group4 vertex attributes, with group3 inherited from sampson and group4 from samplk.

Cloisterville and vertex names

This data set was updated for version 2.5 (March 2012) to add the cloisterville variable and refine the names. This information is from \insertCiteDeNo05e;textualergm. The original vertex names were: Romul_10, Bonaven_5, Ambrose_9, Berth_6, Peter_4, Louis_11, Victor_8, Winf_12, John_1, Greg_2, Hugh_14, Boni_15, Mark_7, Albert_16, Amand_13, Basil_3, Elias_17, Simp_18. The numbers indicate the ordering used in the original dissertation of \insertCiteSa68n;textualergm.

Mislabeling in Versions Prior to 3.6.1

In ergm version 3.6.0 and earlier, The adjacency matrices of the samplike, samplk1, samplk2, and samplk3 networks reflected the original \insertCiteSa68n;textualergm ordering of the names even though the vertex labels used the name order of \insertCiteDeNo05e;textualergm. That is, in ergm version 3.6.0 and earlier, the vertices were mislabeled. The correct order is the same one given in Tables D5, D9, and D13 of \insertCiteSa68n;textualergm: John Bosco, Gregory, Basil, Peter, Bonaventure, Berthold, Mark, Victor, Ambrose, Romauld (Sampson uses both spellings "Romauld" and "Ramauld" in the dissertation), Louis, Winfrid, Amand, Hugh, Boniface, Albert, Elias, Simplicius. By contrast, the order given in ergm version 3.6.0 and earlier is: Ramuald, Bonaventure, Ambrose, Berthold, Peter, Louis, Victor, Winfrid, John Bosco, Gregory, Hugh, Boniface, Mark, Albert, Amand, Basil, Elias, Simplicius.

Source

\insertCite

Sa68nergm.

https://github.com/bavla/Nets/raw/refs/heads/master/data/Pajek/esna/Sampson.zip

References

\insertAllCited

See Also

florentine, network, plot.network, ergm

Examples

data(samplk)

# Table D5 in \insertCite{Sa68n;textual}{ergm}
as.matrix(samplk1, attrname = "score") + as.matrix(sampdlk1, attrname = "score")

# Table D9
as.matrix(samplk2, attrname = "score") + as.matrix(sampdlk2, attrname = "score")

# Table D13
as.matrix(samplk3, attrname = "score") + as.matrix(sampdlk3, attrname = "score")

# Cumulative ties in `samplike`
data(sampson)
all(as.matrix(samplike) ==
    as.matrix(samplk1) | as.matrix(samplk2) | as.matrix(samplk3))
all(as.matrix(samplike, attrname = "nominations") ==
    as.matrix(samplk1) + as.matrix(samplk2) + as.matrix(samplk3))

ergm documentation built on Dec. 22, 2025, 5:10 p.m.