pwa: Player with advantage

In hyper2: The Hyperdirichlet Distribution, Mark 2

Player with advantage

Description

Confer additional BT strength on specified players, either by introducing a reified entity (pwa() for hyper2 objects) or an increased weight (pwa3() for hyper3 objects).

Usage

pwa(H, pwa, chameleon = "S", hyper3=FALSE)
advantage(H, ...)
pwa3_single(H3, pwa, lambda)
pwa3(H3, ...)
pwa23_single(H, pwa, chameleon="S")
pwa23_multiple(H, pwa, chameleon="S")
pwa23(H, ...)

Arguments

H	A hyper2 object
H3	A hyper3 object
pwa	A list of the players with the supposed advantage; may be character in the case of a named hyper2 object, or an integer vector
chameleon	String representing the advantage, defaulting to “S”, for support or strength
lambda	Value of person with advantage
hyper3	In function pwa(), Boolean with TRUE meaning to coerce to hyper3 form and apply pwa23(), and default FALSE meaning to return an error if a hyper3 object would be returned
...	Further named arguments; see details

Details

Commonly, when considering competitive situations we suspect that one player has an advantage of some type which we would like to quantify in terms of an additional strength. Examples might include racing at pole position, playing white in chess, or playing soccer at one's home ground.

Function pwa() (“player with advantage”) returns a modified hyper2 object with the additional strength represented as a reified entity.

Given H of class hyper2 and a competitor a, pwa(H, "a") replaces every occurrence of a in H with a+S, with S representing the extra strength conferred.

Experimental function advantage() allows one to use idiom such as advantage(H, a="steroids"), which is sometimes more convenient.

Argument a must be of length 1. To give more than one competitor an advantage, use pwa23().

Function pwa3() is the hyper3 equivalent; it modifies the weight of specified players. The named argument mechanism [e.g. pwa3(H, e=1.2, f=3.4)] is the same as that of subs() in the mvp package. If there is exactly one ellipsis argument, and it is a named vector, the elements are interpreted as name/value pairs, so pwa3(H, c(e=1.2, f=3.4)) works. Function pwa3_single() is a lower-level helper function that takes a single player name and its lambda value as second and third arguments.

Functions in the pwa23() series coerce their first argument to a hyper3() object. They allow multiple entities to have multiple reified help, so for example we may say pwa23(suppfun(letters[1:5]), b="cheat", b="steroids", c="steroids", d="cheat"). For giving multiple players the same advantage [or to give a single player multiple advantages], use pwa23_multiple(), for example pwa23_multiple(suppfun(letters[1:5]), letters[2:4], "steroids"); the recycling is inherited from paste(). Note that if the player with advantage does not exist, no change is made to H.

Nice examples of pwa() are given in ‘inst/cook.Rmd’ and ‘inst/universities.Rmd’, and some discussion of pwa3() is given in inst/pwa3.Rmd.

Value

Returns an object of class hyper2 or hyper3.

Note

Earlier versions of this package gave a contrived sequence of observations, presented as an example of pwa() with multiple advantaged competitors. I removed it because the logic was flawed, but it featured a chameleon who could impersonate (and indeed eat) certain competitors, which is why the third argument is so named.

The aliases commemorate some uses of the function in the vignettes and markdown files in the ‘inst/’ directory.

Author(s)

Robin K. S. Hankin

See Also

ordervec2supp

Examples

summary(formula1 |> pwa("Hamilton","pole"))

H <- ordervec2supp(c(a = 2, b = 3, c = 1, d = 5, e = 4))
pwa(H, 'a')
pwa3_single(H, "a", 1.888)

pwa3(H, b=1.8, c=0.7)

## Four races between a,b,c,d:
H1 <- ordervec2supp(c(a = 1, b = 3, c = 4, d = 2))  # a: 1st, b: 3rd, c: 4th, d: 2nd
H2 <- ordervec2supp(c(a = 0, b = 1, c = 3, d = 2))  # a: DNF, b: 1st, c: 3rd, d: 2nd
H3 <- ordervec2supp(c(a = 4, b = 2, c = 1, d = 3))  # a: 4th, b: 2nd, c: 1st, d: 3rd
H4 <- ordervec2supp(c(a = 3, b = 4, c = 1, d = 2))  # a: 3rd, b: 4th, c: 1st, d: 2nd

## Now it is revealed that a,b,c had some advantage in races 1,2,3
## respectively.  Is there evidence that this advantage exists?

## Not run:   # takes ~10 seconds, too long for here
specificp.gt.test(pwa(H1,'a') + pwa(H2,'b') + pwa(H3,'c') + H4, "S", 0)

## End(Not run)

hyper2 documentation built on June 23, 2026, 5:07 p.m.