plot.lme: Plot an lme or nls object

In nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models

Plot an lme or nls object

Description

Diagnostic plots for the linear mixed-effects fit are obtained. The form argument gives considerable flexibility in the type of plot specification. A conditioning expression (on the right side of a | operator) always implies that different panels are used for each level of the conditioning factor, according to a Trellis display. If form is a one-sided formula, histograms of the variable on the right hand side of the formula, before a | operator, are displayed (the Trellis function histogram is used). If form is two-sided and both its left and right hand side variables are numeric, scatter plots are displayed (the Trellis function xyplot is used). Finally, if form is two-sided and its left had side variable is a factor, box-plots of the right hand side variable by the levels of the left hand side variable are displayed (the Trellis function bwplot is used).

Usage

## S3 method for class 'lme'
plot(x, form, abline, id, idLabels, idResType, grid, ...)
## S3 method for class 'nls'
plot(x, form, abline, id, idLabels, idResType, grid, ...)

Arguments

x	an object inheriting from class "lme", representing a fitted linear mixed-effects model, or from nls, representing an fitted nonlinear least squares model.
form	an optional formula specifying the desired type of plot. Any variable present in the original data frame used to obtain x can be referenced. In addition, x itself can be referenced in the formula using the symbol ".". Conditional expressions on the right of a | operator can be used to define separate panels in a Trellis display. Default is resid(., type = "p") ~ fitted(.) , corresponding to a plot of the standardized residuals versus fitted values, both evaluated at the innermost level of nesting.
abline	an optional numeric value, or numeric vector of length two. If given as a single value, a horizontal line will be added to the plot at that coordinate; else, if given as a vector, its values are used as the intercept and slope for a line added to the plot. If missing, no lines are added to the plot.
id	an optional numeric value, or one-sided formula. If given as a value, it is used as a significance level for a two-sided outlier test for the standardized, or normalized residuals. Observations with absolute standardized (normalized) residuals greater than the 1 - value/2 quantile of the standard normal distribution are identified in the plot using idLabels. If given as a one-sided formula, its right hand side must evaluate to a logical, integer, or character vector which is used to identify observations in the plot. If missing, no observations are identified.
idLabels	an optional vector, or one-sided formula. If given as a vector, it is converted to character and used to label the observations identified according to id. If given as a one-sided formula, its right hand side must evaluate to a vector which is converted to character and used to label the identified observations. Default is the innermost grouping factor.
idResType	an optional character string specifying the type of residuals to be used in identifying outliers, when id is a numeric value. If "pearson", the standardized residuals (raw residuals divided by the corresponding standard errors) are used; else, if "normalized", the normalized residuals (standardized residuals pre-multiplied by the inverse square-root factor of the estimated error correlation matrix) are used. Partial matching of arguments is used, so only the first character needs to be provided. Defaults to "pearson".
grid	an optional logical value indicating whether a grid should be added to plot. Default depends on the type of Trellis plot used: if xyplot defaults to TRUE, else defaults to FALSE.
...	optional arguments passed to the Trellis plot function.

Value

a diagnostic Trellis plot.

Author(s)

José Pinheiro and Douglas Bates [e-mail]

See Also

lme, xyplot, bwplot, histogram

Examples

fm1 <- lme(distance ~ age, Orthodont, random = ~ age | Subject)
# standardized residuals versus fitted values by gender
plot(fm1, resid(., type = "p") ~ fitted(.) | Sex, abline = 0)
# box-plots of residuals by Subject
plot(fm1, Subject ~ resid(.))
# observed versus fitted values by Subject
plot(fm1, distance ~ fitted(.) | Subject, abline = c(0,1))

nlme documentation built on Nov. 27, 2023, 5:09 p.m.