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#' Estimate R-squared
#'
#' @param fitted_values fitted values from a regression function using the
#' observed data.
#' @param y the observed outcome.
#' @param full_y the observed outcome (defaults to \code{NULL}; allows the
#' full-data outcome to be used for empirical estimates that do not rely
#' on covariates).
#' @param C the indicator of coarsening (1 denotes observed, 0 denotes
#' unobserved).
#' @param Z either \code{NULL} (if no coarsening) or a matrix-like object
#' containing the fully observed data.
#' @param ipc_weights weights for inverse probability of coarsening (e.g.,
#' inverse weights from a two-phase sample) weighted estimation.
#' Assumed to be already inverted
#' (i.e., ipc_weights = 1 / [estimated probability weights]).
#' @param ipc_fit_type if "external", then use \code{ipc_eif_preds}; if "SL",
#' fit a SuperLearner to determine the correction to the efficient
#' influence function.
#' @param ipc_eif_preds if \code{ipc_fit_type = "external"}, the fitted values
#' from a regression of the full-data EIF on the fully observed
#' covariates/outcome; otherwise, not used.
#' @param ipc_est_type IPC correction, either \code{"ipw"} (for classical
#' inverse probability weighting) or \code{"aipw"} (for augmented inverse
#' probability weighting; the default).
#' @param scale if doing an IPC correction, then the scale that the correction
#' should be computed on (e.g., "identity"; or "logit" to logit-transform,
#' apply the correction, and back-transform).
#' @param na.rm logical; should \code{NA}s be removed in computation?
#' (defaults to \code{FALSE})
#' @param ... other arguments to SuperLearner, if \code{ipc_fit_type = "SL"}.
#'
#' @return A named list of: (1) the estimated R-squared of the fitted regression
#' function; (2) the estimated influence function; and
#' (3) the IPC EIF predictions.
#' @importFrom SuperLearner predict.SuperLearner SuperLearner
#' @export
measure_r_squared <- function(fitted_values, y, full_y = NULL,
C = rep(1, length(y)), Z = NULL,
ipc_weights = rep(1, length(y)),
ipc_fit_type = "external",
ipc_eif_preds = rep(1, length(y)),
ipc_est_type = "aipw", scale = "identity",
na.rm = FALSE, ...) {
if (is.null(full_y)) {
obs_mn_y <- mean(y, na.rm = na.rm)
} else {
obs_mn_y <- mean(full_y, na.rm = na.rm)
}
# compute the EIF: if there is coarsening, do a correction
if (!all(ipc_weights == 1)) {
# observed mse
obs_mse <- measure_mse(fitted_values, y, na.rm = na.rm)
obs_var <- measure_mse(
fitted_values = rep(obs_mn_y, length(y)), y, na.rm = na.rm
)
obs_grad <- as.vector(
matrix(c(1 / obs_var$point_est,
-obs_mse$point_est / (obs_var$point_est ^ 2)),
nrow = 1) %*% t(cbind(obs_mse$eif, obs_var$eif))
)
# if IPC EIF preds aren't entered, estimate the regression
if (ipc_fit_type != "external") {
ipc_eif_mod <- SuperLearner::SuperLearner(
Y = obs_grad, X = subset(Z, C == 1, drop = FALSE),
method = "method.CC_LS", ...
)
ipc_eif_preds <- SuperLearner::predict.SuperLearner(
ipc_eif_mod, newdata = Z, onlySL = TRUE
)$pred
}
weighted_obs_grad <- rep(0, length(C))
weighted_obs_grad[C == 1] <- obs_grad * ipc_weights[C == 1]
grad <- weighted_obs_grad - (C * ipc_weights - 1) * ipc_eif_preds
mse <- mean((1 * ipc_weights[C == 1]) * (y - fitted_values) ^ 2,
na.rm = na.rm)
var <- mean((1 * ipc_weights[C == 1]) * (y - mean(y, na.rm = na.rm)) ^ 2,
na.rm = na.rm)
obs_est <- (1 - mse / var)
if (ipc_est_type == "ipw") {
est <- scale_est(obs_est, rep(0, length(grad)), scale = scale)
} else {
est <- scale_est(obs_est, grad, scale = scale)
}
} else {
# point estimates of all components
mse <- measure_mse(fitted_values, y, na.rm = na.rm)
var <- measure_mse(fitted_values = rep(obs_mn_y, length(y)), y,
na.rm = na.rm)
est <- 1 - mse$point_est / var$point_est
# influence curve
grad <- (-1) * as.vector(
matrix(c(1/var$point_est,
-mse$point_est/(var$point_est^2)),
nrow = 1) %*% t(cbind(mse$eif, var$eif))
)
}
return(list(point_est = est, eif = grad, ipc_eif_preds = ipc_eif_preds))
}
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