This is a basic example of pre-processing VWP data. The data are from a semantic competition experiment where the distractors were either thematically (associate) or taxonomically related to the target (Mirman & Graziano, 2012).
Load the necessary packages
library(gazer) library(dplyr) library(tidyr) library(ggplot2)
# Use a file installed with the package gaze_path <- system.file("extdata", "FixData_v1_N15.xls", package = "gazer") gaze <- readFixationReport(gaze_path, plot_fix_scatter = FALSE) summary(gaze)
Get some calibration diagnostics, including a figure
cg <- get_gaze_diagnostics(gaze)
Alternatively, a single call will read in the data and generate two diagnostic figures
gaze <- readFixationReport(gaze_path)
The four screen corners (1-4) need to be interpreted and matched to which object is in each location.
First, extract the numbered location of the target and competitor:
gaze$TargetLocation <- as.numeric(substr(gaze$TargetLoc, 6, 6)) gaze$CompLocation <- as.numeric(substr(gaze$CompPort, 6, 6))
Then match fixation locations to AOI based on screen coordinates:
gaze_aoi <- assignAOI(gaze) summary(gaze_aoi)
Now determine which object was being fixated by matching AOI codes with target and competitor locations:
gaze_aoi$Targ <- gaze_aoi$AOI == gaze_aoi$TargetLocation gaze_aoi$Comp <- gaze_aoi$AOI == gaze_aoi$CompLocation gaze_aoi$Unrelated <- ((gaze_aoi$AOI != as.numeric(gaze_aoi$TargetLocation)) & (gaze_aoi$AOI != as.numeric(gaze_aoi$CompLocation)) & (gaze_aoi$AOI != 0) & !is.na(gaze_aoi$AOI))
Convert from fixation list to time bins, only keep the columns needed for
analysis. Most of the work is done by the binify_fixations()
function, it just
needs a list columns that should be kept after the bining is done. You can
optionally specify a bin size (default is 20ms). Note: this step is slow.
gaze_bins <- binify_fixations( gaze = gaze_aoi, keepCols = c( "Subject", "Target", "Condition", "ACC", "RT", "Targ", "Comp", "Unrelated")) summary(gaze_bins)
The fixation locations are in separate columns and need to be "gathered" into a single column:
gaze_obj <- gather(gaze_bins, key = "Object", value = "Fix", Targ, Comp, Unrelated, factor_key = TRUE) # recode NA as not-fixating gaze_obj$Fix <- replace(gaze_obj$Fix, is.na(gaze_obj$Fix), FALSE) summary(gaze_obj)
Filter out error and practice trials, and focus on relevant time window. Then group by Subject, Condition, and Object type to calculate number of valid trials in each cell. Then also group by time bin to calculate time course of number of object fixations and mean fixation proportion. These are the subject-by-condition time courses that would go into an analysis.
gaze_subj <- gaze_obj %>% filter(ACC == 1, Condition != "practice", Time < 3500) %>% # calculate number of valid trials for each subject-condition group_by(Subject, Condition, Object) %>% mutate(nTrials = length(unique(Target))) %>% ungroup() %>% # calculate number of fixations group_by(Subject, Condition, Object, Time) %>% summarize(sumFix = sum(Fix), nTrials = unique(nTrials), meanFix = sum(Fix)/unique(nTrials)) # there were two unrelated objects, so divide those proportions by 2 gaze_subj$meanFix[gaze_subj$Object == "Unrelated"] <- gaze_subj$meanFix[gaze_subj$Object == "Unrelated"] / 2 summary(gaze_subj)
ggplot(gaze_subj, aes(Time, meanFix, color = Object)) + facet_wrap(~ Condition) + stat_summary(fun.y = mean, geom = "line") + geom_vline(xintercept = 1300) + annotate("text", x=1300, y=0.9, label="Word onset", hjust=0)
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