Description Usage Arguments Details Author(s) References See Also Examples
Plot the marginal effect of an x-variable on the class probability (classification), response (regression), mortality (survival), or the expected years lost (competing risk) from a RF-SRC analysis. Users can select between marginal (unadjusted, but fast) and partial plots (adjusted, but slow).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | ## S3 method for class 'rfsrc'
plot.variable(x, xvar.names, which.class,
outcome.target = NULL, time, surv.type = c("mort", "rel.freq",
"surv", "years.lost", "cif", "chf"), class.type =
c("prob", "bayes"), partial = FALSE, oob = TRUE, show.plots = TRUE,
plots.per.page = 4, granule = 5, sorted = TRUE, nvar, npts = 25,
smooth.lines = FALSE, subset, ...)
|
x |
An object of class |
xvar.names |
Names of the x-variables to be used. |
which.class |
For classification families, an integer or
character value specifying the class to focus on (defaults to the
first class). For competing risk families, an integer value between
1 and |
outcome.target |
Character value for multivariate families specifying the target outcome to be used. The default is to use the first coordinate. |
time |
For survival families, the time at which the predicted
survival value is evaluated at (depends on |
surv.type |
For survival families, specifies the predicted value. See details below. |
class.type |
For classification families, specifies the predicted value. See details below. |
partial |
Should partial plots be used? |
oob |
OOB (TRUE) or in-bag (FALSE) predicted values. |
show.plots |
Should plots be displayed? |
plots.per.page |
Integer value controlling page layout. |
granule |
Integer value controlling whether a plot for a specific variable should be treated as a factor and therefore given as a boxplot. Larger values coerce boxplots. |
sorted |
Should variables be sorted by importance values. |
nvar |
Number of variables to be plotted. Default is all. |
npts |
Maximum number of points used when generating partial plots for continuous variables. |
smooth.lines |
Use lowess to smooth partial plots. |
subset |
Vector indicating which rows of the x-variable matrix
|
... |
Further arguments passed to or from other methods. |
The vertical axis displays the ensemble predicted value, while x-variables are plotted on the horizontal axis.
For regression, the predicted response is used.
For classification, it is the predicted class probability specified by which.class, or the class of maximum probability depending on class.type.
For multivariate families, it is the predicted value of the outcome specified by outcome.target and if that is a classification outcome, by which.class.
For survival, the choices are:
Mortality (mort
).
Relative frequency of mortality (rel.freq
).
Predicted survival (surv
), where the predicted
survival is for the time point specified using
time
(the default is the median follow up time).
For competing risks, the choices are:
The expected number of life years lost (years.lost
).
The cumulative incidence function (cif
).
The cumulative hazard function (chf
).
In all three cases, the predicted value is for the event type
specified by which.class. For cif
and
chf
the quantity is evaluated at the time point specified
by time
.
For partial plots use partial=TRUE. Their interpretation are different than marginal plots. The y-value for a variable X, evaluated at X=x, is
\tilde{f}(x) = \frac{1}{n} ∑_{i=1}^n \hat{f}(x, x_{i,o}),
where x_{i,o} represents the value for all other variables
other than X for individual i and \hat{f} is the
predicted value. Generating partial plots can be very slow.
Choosing a small value for npts
can speed up computational
times as this restricts the number of distinct x values used
in computing \tilde{f}.
For continuous variables, red points are used to indicate partial values and dashed red lines indicate a smoothed error bar of +/- two standard errors. Black dashed line are the partial values. Set smooth.lines=TRUE for lowess smoothed lines. For discrete variables, partial values are indicated using boxplots with whiskers extending out approximately two standard errors from the mean. Standard errors are meant only to be a guide and should be interpreted with caution.
Partial plots can be slow. Setting npts to a smaller number can help.
Hemant Ishwaran and Udaya B. Kogalur
Friedman J.H. (2001). Greedy function approximation: a gradient boosting machine, Ann. of Statist., 5:1189-1232.
Ishwaran H., Kogalur U.B. (2007). Random survival forests for R, Rnews, 7(2):25-31.
Ishwaran H., Kogalur U.B., Blackstone E.H. and Lauer M.S. (2008). Random survival forests, Ann. App. Statist., 2:841-860.
Ishwaran H., Gerds T.A., Kogalur U.B., Moore R.D., Gange S.J. and Lau B.M. (2014). Random survival forests for competing risks. To appear in Biostatistics.
rfsrc
, rfsrcSyn
,
predict.rfsrc
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 | ## Not run:
## ------------------------------------------------------------
## survival/competing risk
## ------------------------------------------------------------
## survival
data(veteran, package = "randomForestSRC")
v.obj <- rfsrc(Surv(time,status)~., veteran, nsplit = 10, ntree = 100)
plot.variable(v.obj, plots.per.page = 3)
plot.variable(v.obj, plots.per.page = 2, xvar.names = c("trt", "karno", "age"))
plot.variable(v.obj, surv.type = "surv", nvar = 1, time = 200)
plot.variable(v.obj, surv.type = "surv", partial = TRUE, smooth.lines = TRUE)
plot.variable(v.obj, surv.type = "rel.freq", partial = TRUE, nvar = 2)
## example of plot.variable calling a pre-processed plot.variable object
p.v <- plot.variable(v.obj, surv.type = "surv", partial = TRUE, smooth.lines = TRUE)
plot.variable(p.v)
p.v$plots.per.page <- 1
p.v$smooth.lines <- FALSE
plot.variable(p.v)
## competing risks
data(follic, package = "randomForestSRC")
follic.obj <- rfsrc(Surv(time, status) ~ ., follic, nsplit = 3, ntree = 100)
plot.variable(follic.obj, which.class = 2)
## ------------------------------------------------------------
## regression
## ------------------------------------------------------------
## airquality
airq.obj <- rfsrc(Ozone ~ ., data = airquality)
plot.variable(airq.obj, partial = TRUE, smooth.lines = TRUE)
## motor trend cars
mtcars.obj <- rfsrc(mpg ~ ., data = mtcars)
plot.variable(mtcars.obj, partial = TRUE, smooth.lines = TRUE)
## ------------------------------------------------------------
## classification
## ------------------------------------------------------------
## iris
iris.obj <- rfsrc(Species ~., data = iris)
plot.variable(iris.obj, partial = TRUE)
## motor trend cars: predict number of carburetors
mtcars2 <- mtcars
mtcars2$carb <- factor(mtcars2$carb,
labels = paste("carb", sort(unique(mtcars$carb))))
mtcars2.obj <- rfsrc(carb ~ ., data = mtcars2)
plot.variable(mtcars2.obj, partial = TRUE)
## ------------------------------------------------------------
## multivariate regression
## ------------------------------------------------------------
mtcars.mreg <- rfsrc(Multivar(mpg, cyl) ~., data = mtcars)
plot.variable(mtcars.mreg, outcome.target = "mpg", partial = TRUE, nvar = 1)
plot.variable(mtcars.mreg, outcome.target = "cyl", partial = TRUE, nvar = 1)
## ------------------------------------------------------------
## multivariate mixed outcomes
## ------------------------------------------------------------
mtcars2 <- mtcars
mtcars2$carb <- factor(mtcars2$carb)
mtcars2$cyl <- factor(mtcars2$cyl)
mtcars.mix <- rfsrc(Multivar(carb, mpg, cyl) ~ ., data = mtcars2)
plot.variable(mtcars.mix, outcome.target = "cyl", which.class = "4", partial = TRUE, nvar = 1)
plot.variable(mtcars.mix, outcome.target = "cyl", which.class = 2, partial = TRUE, nvar = 1)
## End(Not run)
|
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