# R/chirp.R In gjmvanboxtel/gsignal: Signal Processing

# chirp.R
# Copyright (C) 2019 Geert van Boxtel <[email protected]>
# Matlab/Octave signal package:
# Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Paul Kienzle <[email protected]>,
# Copyright (C) 2018-2019 Mike Miller
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, see
#
# 20191122 Geert van Boxtel          First version for v0.1.0
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#' Chirp signal
#'
#' Evaluate a chirp signal at time \code{t}.  A chirp signal is a frequency swept cosine wave.
#'
#' A chirp is a signal in which the frequency changes with time, commonly used in sonar, radar, and laser.
#' The name is a reference to the chirping sound made by birds.
#'
#' The chirp can have one of three shapes:
#' \itemize{
#'   \item {'linear' - Specifies an instantaneous frequency sweep \eqn{f_i(t)} given by \eqn{f_i(t) = f_0 + \beta t}, where
#'     \eqn{\beta = (f_1 - f_0) / t_1} and the default value for \eqn{f_0} is 0. The coefficient \eqn{\beta} ensures that the
#'     desired frequency breakpoint \eqn{f_1} at time \eqn{t_1} is maintained.}
#'   \item {'quadratic' - Specifies an instantaneous frequency sweep \eqn{f_i(t)} given by \eqn{f_i(t) = f_0 + \beta t^2},
#'     where \eqn{\beta = (f_1 - f_0) / t_1^2} and the default value for \eqn{f_0} is 0. If \eqn{f_0 > f_1} (downsweep),
#'     the default shape is convex. If \eqn{f_0 < f_1} (upsweep), the default shape is concave.}
#'   \item {'logarithmic' - Specifies an instantaneous frequency sweep \eqn{f_i(t)} given by \eqn{f_i(t) = f_0 \times \beta t},
#'     where \eqn{\beta = \left( \frac {f_1}{f_0} \right) ^ \frac{1}{t1}} and the default value for \eqn{f_0} is \eqn{10^{-6}}.}
#' }
#'
#' @param t Time array, specified as a vector
#' @param f0 Initial instantaneous frequency at time 0, specified as a positive scalar expressed in Hz.
#' Default: 0 Hz for linear and quadratic shapes; 1e-6 for logarithmic shape.
#' @param t1 Reference time, specified as a positive scalar expressed in seconds. Default: 1 sec.
#' @param f1 Instantaneous frequency at time t1, specified as a positive scalar expressed in Hz. Default: 100 Hz.
#' @param shape Sweep method, specified as 'linear', 'quadratic', or 'logarithmic' (see Details). Default: linear.
#' @param phase Initial phase, specified as a positive scalar expressed in degrees. Default: 0.

#' @return Swept-frequency cosine signal, returned as an array of the same length as \code{t}
#' @examples
#' # Shows linear sweep of 100 Hz/sec starting at zero for 5 sec
#' # since the sample rate is 1000 Hz, this should be a diagonal
#' # from bottom left to top right.
#' t <- seq(0, 5, 0.001)
#' y <- chirp (t)
#' specgram (y, 256, 1000)
#'
#' # Shows a quadratic chirp of 400 Hz at t=0 and 100 Hz at t=10
#' # Time goes from -2 to 15 seconds.
#' specgram(chirp(seq(-2, 15, by = 0.001), 400, 10, 100, 'quadratic'))
#'
#' # Shows a logarithmic chirp of 200 Hz at t=0 and 500 Hz at t=2
#' # Time goes from 0 to 5 seconds at 8000 Hz.
#' specgram(chirp(seq(0, 5, by = 1/8000), 200, 2, 500, "logarithmic"), fs = 8000)
#'
#' @author Original Matlab/Octave code Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Paul Kienzle \email{[email protected]@users.sf.net},
#' Copyright (C) 2018-2019 Mike Miller. Port to R by Geert van Boxtel \email{[email protected]@gmail.com}.
#'
#' @export

chirp <- function (t, f0, t1 = 1, f1 = 100, shape = c("linear", "quadratic", "logarithmic"), phase = 0) {

shape <- match.arg(shape)

# The default value for f0 depends on the shape
if (missing(f0)) {
if (shape == "logarithmic") {
f0 <- 1e-6
} else {
f0 <- 0
}
}

phase <- 2 * pi * phase / 360
if (shape == "linear") {
a <- pi * (f1 - f0) / t1
b <- 2 * pi * f0
y <- cos (a * t^2 + b * t + phase)
} else if (shape == "quadratic") {
a <- (2/3 * pi * (f1 - f0) / t1 / t1)
b <- 2 * pi * f0
y <- cos (a * t^3 + b * t + phase)
} else if (shape == "logarithmic") {
a <- 2 * pi * f0 * t1 / log (f1 / f0)
x <- (f1 / f0) ^ (1 / t1)
y <- cos (a * x^t + phase)
} else {
stop (paste("invalid frequency sweep shape", shape))
}
y
}

gjmvanboxtel/gsignal documentation built on Dec. 9, 2019, 6:43 p.m.