triangulate | R Documentation |
This algorithm decomposes a general polygon into simple polygons and uses the “ear-clipping” algorithm to triangulate it. Polygons with holes are supported.
triangulate(x, y = NULL, z = NULL, random = TRUE, plot = FALSE, partial = NA)
x , y , z |
Coordinates of a two-dimensional polygon in a format supported by |
random |
Whether to use a random or deterministic triangulation. |
plot |
Whether to plot the triangulation; mainly for debugging purposes. |
partial |
If the triangulation fails, should partial results be returned? |
Normally triangulate
looks only at the x
and y
coordinates. However, if one of those is constant, it is replaced
with the z
coordinate if present.
The algorithm works as follows. First, it breaks the polygon into
pieces separated by NA
values in x
or y
.
Each of these pieces should be a simple, non-self-intersecting
polygon, separate from the other pieces.
(Though some minor exceptions to this rule may work, none
are guaranteed). The nesting of these pieces is determined.
The “outer” polygon(s) are then merged with the polygons that they immediately contain, and each of these pieces is triangulated using the ear-clipping algorithm.
Finally, all the triangulated pieces are put together into one result.
A three-by-n array giving the indices of the vertices of each triangle. (No vertices are added; only the original vertices are used in the triangulation.)
The array has an integer vector attribute "nextvert"
with one entry per vertex, giving the index of the next
vertex to proceed counter-clockwise around outer
polygon boundaries, clockwise around inner boundaries.
Not all inputs will succeed, even when a triangulation is
possible. Generally using random = TRUE
will find
a successful triangulation if one exists, but it may
occasionally take more than one try.
Duncan Murdoch
See the Wikipedia article “polygon triangulation” for a description of the ear-clipping algorithm.
extrude3d
for a solid extrusion of a polygon, polygon3d
for
a flat display; both use triangulate
.
theta <- seq(0, 2*pi, length.out = 25)[-25]
theta <- c(theta, NA, theta, NA, theta, NA, theta, NA, theta)
r <- c(rep(1.5, 24), NA, rep(0.5, 24), NA, rep(0.5, 24), NA, rep(0.3, 24), NA, rep(0.1, 24))
dx <- c(rep(0, 24), NA, rep(0.6, 24), NA, rep(-0.6, 24), NA, rep(-0.6, 24), NA, rep(-0.6, 24))
x <- r*cos(theta) + dx
y <- r*sin(theta)
plot(x, y, type = "n")
polygon(x, y)
triangulate(x, y, plot = TRUE)
open3d()
polygon3d(x, y, x - y, col = "red")
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