bounds: Calculate Normal Quantiles at Boundaries of Probability...

In metrumrg: Pharmacometric Tools for Data Preparation, Modeling, Simulation, and Reporting

Description

qnorm expects scalar means and standard deviations, but a vector of probablities. In contrast, lower and upper are wrappers for qnorm that accept equal-length vectors for mean and standard deviation, but scalar probabilities. Probability can be supplied directly or calculated as the bound of a symmetric interval. bounds pairs lower and upper using suitable notation.

Usage

lower(x, sd, interval = 0.95, prob = 0.5 * (1 - interval), ...)
upper(x, sd, interval = 0.95, prob = 0.5 * (1 + interval), ...)
bounds(
	x, 
	sd, 
	interval = 0.95, 
	lower = 0.5 * (1 - interval), 
	upper = 0.5 * (1 + interval), 
	left = "(", 
	right = ")", 
	sep = ",", 
	digits = 3, 
	...
)

Arguments

x	means
sd	standard deviations, of same length as x
prob	probability, defaulting to the bounds of a symmetric interval
interval	width of a probability interval: e.g. confidence interval
lower	probability for the lower bound
upper	probability for the upper bound
left	character(s) to delimit the lower bound
right	character(s) to delimit the upper bound
sep	characters to delimit lower and upper quantiles
digits	number of significant digits: passed to signif
...	other arguments, passed to qnorm

Details

interval is a convenient way to set upper and lower probabilities, and is ignored if these are specified directly. left and right are passed to paste, and so will be repeated as necessary to match the length of x.

Value

lower and upper return numeric. bounds returns character.

Author(s)

Tim Bergsma

References

http://metrumrg.googlecode.com

See Also

• qnorm

Examples

bounds(c(0,0,0),sd=c(.5,1,2))	

metrumrg documentation built on May 2, 2019, 5:55 p.m.