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## Sebastian Sippel
# 05.01.2014
#' @title A function to compute ordinal pattern statistics
#' @export
#' @useDynLib statcomp, .registration = TRUE
#' @description Computation of the ordinal patterns of a time series (see e.g. Bandt and Pompe 2002)
#' @usage ordinal_pattern_distribution(x, ndemb)
#' @param x A numeric vector (e.g. a time series), from which the ordinal pattern distribution is to be calculated
#' @param ndemb Embedding dimension of the ordinal patterns (i.e. sliding window size). Should be chosen such as length(x) >> ndemb
#' @details
#' This function returns the distribution of ordinal patterns using the Keller coding scheme, detailed in Physica A 356 (2005) 114-120. NA values are allowed, and any pattern that contains at least one NA value will be ignored.
#' (Fast) C routines are used for computing ordinal patterns.
#' @return A character vector of length factorial(ndemb) is returned.
#' @references Bandt, C. and Pompe, B., 2002. Permutation entropy: a natural complexity measure for time series. Physical review letters, 88(17), p.174102.
#' @author Sebastian Sippel
#' @examples
#' x = arima.sim(model=list(ar = 0.3), n = 10^4)
#' ordinal_pattern_distribution(x = x, ndemb = 6)
ordinal_pattern_distribution = function(x, ndemb) {
epsilon=1.e-10
npdim=factorial(ndemb)
#Berechnungs der Ordnungsstatistik nach der Kodierung von Karsten Keller:
#Physica A 356 (2005) 114-120
nfac=factorial(ndemb)
ifrec=.C("ordinal_pattern_loop",
as.double(x),
as.integer(length(x)),
as.integer(ndemb),
integer(nfac),
as.integer(nfac),as.integer(rep(0,length(x))),NAOK=T)[[4]]
# ifrec is the ordinal pattern distribution in the Keller coding scheme!
return(ifrec)
}
#' @title A function to compute time series of ordinal patterns
#' @export
#' @description Computation of the ordinal patterns of a time series (see e.g. Bandt and Pompe 2002)
#' @usage ordinal_pattern_time_series(x, ndemb)
#' @param x A numeric vector (e.g. a time series), from which the ordinal pattern time series is to be calculated
#' @param ndemb Embedding dimension of the ordinal patterns (i.e. sliding window size). Should be chosen such as length(x) >> ndemb
#' @details
#' This function returns the distribution of ordinal patterns using the Keller coding scheme, detailed in Physica A 356 (2005) 114-120. NA values are allowed, and any pattern that contains at least one NA value will be ignored.
#' (Fast) C routines are used for computing ordinal patterns.
#' @return A character vector of length(x) is returned.
#' @references Bandt, C. and Pompe, B., 2002. Permutation entropy: a natural complexity measure for time series. Physical review letters, 88(17), p.174102.
#' @author Sebastian Sippel
#' @examples
#' x = arima.sim(model=list(ar = 0.3), n = 10^4)
#' ordinal_pattern_time_series(x = x, ndemb = 6)
ordinal_pattern_time_series = function(x, ndemb) {
epsilon=1.e-10
npdim=factorial(ndemb)
#Berechnungs der Ordnungsstatistik nach der Kodierung von Karsten Keller:
#Physica A 356 (2005) 114-120
nfac=factorial(ndemb)
ifrec_ts=.C("ordinal_pattern_loop",
as.double(x),
as.integer(length(x)),
as.integer(ndemb),
integer(nfac),
as.integer(nfac),as.integer(rep(0,length(x))),NAOK=T)[[6]]
ifrec_ts[(length(ifrec_ts) - (ndemb-2)):length(ifrec_ts)] <- NA
# ifrec is the ordinal pattern distribution in the Keller coding scheme!
return(ifrec_ts)
}
## Sebastian Sippel
# 05.01.2014
#' @keywords internal
ordinal_pattern_distribution_2 = function(x, ndemb) {
### Deal with gaps in the sliding window time series:
# get indices to run through for calculation of complexity measures
gapfree = stats::na.omit(sapply(1:(length(x)-ndemb + 1), FUN = function(y) if(!any(is.na(x[y:(y+ndemb-1)]))) return(y) else return(NA)))
epsilon=1.e-10
npdim=factorial(ndemb)
#Berechnungs der Ordnungsstatistik nach der Kodierung von Karsten Keller:
#Physica A 356 (2005) 114-120
ifrec = numeric(length=npdim) #ersetzt die for-schleife zum erstellen des Vektors, #for ip=1:npdim; ifrec( ip ) = 0; end;
## introduce for loop:
for (nv in 1:(length(gapfree))) {
xvec <- x[gapfree[nv]:(gapfree[nv] + ndemb - 1)]
## only if no gaps are in the "word" of the time series:
ipa = matrix(data=0,nrow=ndemb, ncol=ndemb) #Inversionsmatrix
for (il in 2:ndemb) {
for (it in il:ndemb) {
ipa[it, il] = ipa[it-1, il-1]
if( (xvec[it] <= xvec[it - ( il - 1 ) ] ) || ( abs( xvec[it - ( il - 1)] - xvec[it]) < epsilon))
ipa[ it, il ] = ipa[ it, il ] + 1;
}
}
nd = ipa[ndemb,2]
for (il in 3:ndemb) {
nd =il * nd + ipa[ndemb, il]
}
ifrec[nd + 1] = ifrec[nd+ 1] + 1;
}
# ifrec is the ordinal pattern distribution in the Keller coding scheme!
return(ifrec)
}
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