runDeMAND: Run DeMAND algorithm

Description Usage Arguments Details Value Examples

Description

DeMAND.

This function is based on the realization that drugs affect the protein activity of their targets, but not necessarily their mRNA expression levels. In contrast, the change in protein activity directly affects the mRNA expression levels of downstream genes. Based on this hypothesis, DeMAND identifies drug MoA by comparing gene expression profiles following drug perturbation with control samples, and computing the change in the individual interactions within a pre-determined integrated transcriptional and post-translational regulatory model (interactome).

Usage

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runDeMAND(x, fgIndex, bgIndex, verbose=TRUE, method="bandwidth", 
          keepLeaves=FALSE, alpha=0.05)

Arguments

x

An instance of class demand which includes: a gene expression data, annotation information, and a molecular interaction network.

fgIndex

A numeric vector contains indices of columns which represent case samples (e.g. drug treated). The sample size should be greater than 3.

bgIndex

A numeric vector contains indices of columns which represent control samples (e.g. drug treated). The sample size should be greater than 3.

verbose

A boolean value (TRUE by defalut) indicating whether to print progression outputs

method

A string value indicating whether to evaluate the KL-divergence using grid points based on 'bandwidth' (default) or on the 'integers' space

keepLeaves

A boolean value indicating whether to return a p-value for genes the have only a single neighbor in the network (default is FALSE, which returns 1 for such genes)

alpha

The cutoff for estimating a p-value using pareto fitting (default=0.05)

Details

For each edge in the interactome we determine the two-dimensional probability distribution of the gene expression levels both in the control state, and following drug treatment. Any changes in the probability distribution are estimated using the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, from which we determine the statistical significance of the dysregulation of each edge. In the second step of DeMAND, we interrogate each gene independently to determine whether its interactions are enriched in dysregulated ones, suggesting that it is a candidate mechanism of action.

Value

Returns a DeMAND class object holding the same exp, anno, and network slots as the input, and where the moa and KLD slots hold the results of DeMAND algorithm. The moa slot is a matrix containing a list of genes, corresponding p-value, and adjusted p-value. The KLD slot is a matrix with the gene names of the edges that were evaluated, their KL-divergence, and the p-value assigned to that divergence.

Examples

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## Load toy example
data(inputExample)
dobj <- demandClass(exp=bcellExp, anno=bcellAnno, network=bcellNetwork, moa=NULL)
dobj <- runDeMAND(dobj, fgIndex=caseIndex, bgIndex=controlIndex)
## results (head)
printDeMAND(dobj)
## results (all)
print(dobj@moa)
print(dobj@KLD)

Example output

Loading required package: KernSmooth
KernSmooth 2.23 loaded
Copyright M. P. Wand 1997-2009
Pruning the network
Keeping best probe per gene
Make a null distribution for KL divergence.....
Measure dysregulation of the interactions.....
Estimate dysregulation of the genes.....
An object of class demand
Slot exp:
	Expression data of 1577 features by 12 samples
Slot anno:
	Annotation of 1577 probes and 452 genes
Slot network:
	Interactome with 2684 nodes, 1577 edges
Slot moa (head):
  moaGene       Pvalue          FDR
 HSP90AB1 3.714804e-18 3.083287e-16
 HSP90AA1 5.726617e-17 2.376546e-15
    PRKDC 2.042684e-03 5.651425e-02
     AKT1 4.080922e-03 5.745073e-02
    CREB1 4.584606e-03 5.745073e-02
    IKBKB 5.202981e-03 5.745073e-02
Slot KLD (head):
    gene1    gene2              KLD               KLD.p
 HSP90AB1     MDH1 19.4234259772248 0.00547210211486877
 HSP90AB1      MYC 18.7243522480777  0.0059419263899117
 HSP90AA1    HSPA8 18.3680838814313 0.00620405229240995
     ESR1 HSP90AB1 17.4293319382159 0.00698028911166881
 HSP90AB1    PRKDC  15.910295299091 0.00856776833271368
 HSP90AB1     TBX5 15.1001135358549 0.00963550482164556
    moaGene       Pvalue          FDR
1  HSP90AB1 3.714804e-18 3.083287e-16
2  HSP90AA1 5.726617e-17 2.376546e-15
3     PRKDC 2.042684e-03 5.651425e-02
4      AKT1 4.080922e-03 5.745073e-02
5     CREB1 4.584606e-03 5.745073e-02
6     IKBKB 5.202981e-03 5.745073e-02
7      CDK4 5.447036e-03 5.745073e-02
8       MYC 6.036180e-03 5.745073e-02
9      ESR1 6.438634e-03 5.745073e-02
10     TP53 6.921775e-03 5.745073e-02
11   POU2F2 9.634514e-03 7.269678e-02
12     E2F4 1.111305e-02 7.686525e-02
13     RBL2 6.530193e-02 4.169277e-01
14    FOXM1 8.458963e-02 5.014957e-01
15     E2F5 9.932309e-01 1.000000e+00
16      AHR 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
17     AKT2 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
18  CSNK2A2 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
19    ERBB2 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
20    PTK2B 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
21    FKBP4 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
22    FKBP5 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
23    GNA12 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
24    NR3C1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
25    HIF1A 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
26    HSPA8 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
27    STAT1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
28     ACTB 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
29    FOXO3 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
30    GNAI2 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
31      MAF 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
32   POU4F1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
33      SP3 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
34     TBX5 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
35   CREBBP 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
36     E2F1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
37     ETS1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
38  BHLHE40 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
39    PATZ1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
40    MAPK1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
41     SIM2 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
42  TOMM70A 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
43   CNKSR1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
44     MDH1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
45    RPS4X 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
46   SPTAN1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
47  ATP6AP1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
48     BUB1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
49    BUB1B 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
50     CAV1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
51 SERPINH1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
52    CCNA2 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
53     CCNF 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
54    CSE1L 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
55    DNMT1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
56     ENO1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
57    EP300 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
58    HMGA1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
59    IL1R1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
60    STMN1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
61    SMAD3 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
62     MCM2 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
63      MSN 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
64     MYCN 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
65  NDUFAB1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
66   PPP1CC 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
67     RCN1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
68      RDX 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
69     RRM2 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
70    TFDP1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
71     TMPO 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
72    TOP2B 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
73     CCT3 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
74   UBE2G1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
75    YWHAZ 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
76     MELK 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
77    ARL4C 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
78   PSMD14 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
79    SPAG5 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
80     TPX2 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
81   CYFIP2 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
82  PSMC3IP 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
83     CDT1 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
      gene1    gene2                KLD               KLD.p
1  HSP90AB1     MDH1   19.4234259772248 0.00547210211486877
2  HSP90AB1      MYC   18.7243522480777  0.0059419263899117
3  HSP90AA1    HSPA8   18.3680838814313 0.00620405229240995
4      ESR1 HSP90AB1   17.4293319382159 0.00698028911166881
5  HSP90AB1    PRKDC    15.910295299091 0.00856776833271368
6  HSP90AB1     TBX5   15.1001135358549 0.00963550482164556
7  HSP90AB1    IKBKB   15.0454266772567 0.00971438649373776
8     FOXO3 HSP90AB1   14.7602731694071   0.010141209947818
9  HSP90AB1      SP3   14.6291861862411  0.0103465579849686
10 HSP90AB1   SPTAN1   14.2384087145075  0.0109956256148826
11 HSP90AB1      MAF   14.1403881304229  0.0111676499390323
12 HSP90AB1     TP53   13.9105313268378   0.011586610579985
13     ACTB HSP90AB1   13.7111965482395  0.0119685794034815
14     E2F4 HSP90AA1   13.6960376423069  0.0119983683262241
15 HSP90AB1   POU2F2   13.6576765195396  0.0120742324537253
16     AKT1 HSP90AB1   13.5751414375101  0.0122398238003534
17    CREB1 HSP90AB1   13.3615986929628  0.0126837937962314
18    GNAI2 HSP90AB1   13.2619384089009  0.0128989904738761
19 HSP90AB1    RPS4X   13.1167192520202  0.0132221260609236
20 HSP90AA1    PRKDC    13.007527226705  0.0134728559687702
21    GNA12 HSP90AA1   12.6877821273894  0.0142478588195592
22 HSP90AB1   POU4F1   12.3134809607946  0.0152396152334998
23 HSP90AA1     RBL2   12.2650144057348  0.0153752768267376
24 HSP90AA1  TOMM70A   12.1382194282169  0.0157385487699292
25      AHR HSP90AA1    12.105324623905  0.0158348186932333
26     CDK4 HSP90AA1   11.8545695077292  0.0165974553952537
27     AKT1 HSP90AA1   10.3481820188388  0.0225255025605343
28   CNKSR1 HSP90AA1    10.152585360821  0.0235124488977735
29    CREB1 HSP90AA1   9.85018612875591   0.025165666012782
30    ERBB2 HSP90AA1   9.60113246975925  0.0266564068839502
31 HSP90AA1     TP53    9.4094996437683  0.0278918834808826
32 HSP90AA1    STAT1   8.82568470837104  0.0322099773470649
33    FOXM1 HSP90AA1    8.4244016769939  0.0357605864151592
34 HSP90AA1    IKBKB   8.14594726989446  0.0385662941353308
35  CSNK2A2 HSP90AA1   7.96595870340538  0.0405521240058848
36    HIF1A HSP90AA1    7.8748234985423  0.0416143685189775
37 HSP90AA1     SIM2   7.87249276455824  0.0416420598303788
38     AKT2 HSP90AA1   7.80282318751212  0.0424822476736377
39    FKBP4 HSP90AA1   7.42557494407697  0.0474865665644616
40 HSP90AA1      MYC   7.28338993969766  0.0495951656986884
41     CDK4     E2F5   7.17556884294093  0.0515826494724502
42 HSP90AA1    NR3C1   6.88501308440561  0.0527549824150059
43 HSP90AA1    PTK2B   6.85015648427049  0.0550996483001172
44    FKBP5 HSP90AA1   6.84411916680732  0.0550996483001172
45 HSP90AA1    MAPK1   6.77025529098011    0.05978898007034
46 HSP90AA1   POU2F2    6.4535609388508  0.0679953106682298
47     ESR1 HSP90AA1    6.1933803213501  0.0703399765533411
48     E2F5     RRM2   1.85393552740862   0.138335287221571
49     E2F5    IL1R1   1.79658873201682   0.143024618991794
50     E2F4     E2F5   1.69211443401137   0.153575615474795
51     E2F5     ENO1   1.21000382341274   0.225087924970692
52     E2F5     ETS1   1.14696076171713    0.23915592028136
53     E2F5    SMAD3   1.07497750342221   0.259085580304807
54     E2F5    EP300  0.983235468112434   0.281359906213365
55     E2F5    HMGA1  0.945802905000695   0.294255568581477
56     E2F5     RCN1    0.7990164930481   0.355216881594373
57     E2F5      MYC  0.787063611620847   0.362250879249707
58     E2F5     TP53  0.724140779008721   0.397420867526378
59     E2F5   PPP1CC  0.691547887206775   0.412661195779601
60  BHLHE40     E2F5  0.589697657141508   0.475967174677608
61     E2F5 SERPINH1  0.584147889592148   0.480656506447831
62     E2F5  PSMC3IP  0.562166874879413   0.498241500586166
63     E2F5    FOXM1  0.557187300392008   0.504103165298945
64    BUB1B     E2F5   0.55530068355236   0.505275498241501
65  ATP6AP1     E2F5  0.549969592813276   0.507620164126612
66     E2F5    TOP2B  0.537578123711192    0.52168815943728
67     E2F1     E2F5  0.531072412488992   0.527549824150059
68     E2F1     E2F5  0.531072412488992   0.527549824150059
69     E2F5     MCM2  0.472999241268294   0.582649472450176
70    CSE1L     E2F5  0.472163582231899   0.583821805392732
71     E2F5  NDUFAB1  0.439746867902548   0.609613130128957
72     E2F5     MYCN   0.43857075728491   0.610785463071512
73     CCNF     E2F5  0.362527474312986   0.678780773739742
74     CCT3     E2F5  0.356373484632021   0.685814771395076
75     E2F5     TMPO  0.352214335207929   0.690504103165299
76     E2F5   UBE2G1  0.346937194931746   0.696365767878077
77    ARL4C     E2F5  0.345034556720999     0.7010550996483
78     E2F5    YWHAZ  0.337695051856575   0.704572098475967
79   CYFIP2     E2F5  0.330831835142842   0.710433763188746
80    CCNA2     E2F5   0.30200126905443   0.733880422039859
81     E2F5    STMN1  0.301297508536962   0.735052754982415
82     E2F5     TPX2  0.287096457749886   0.757327080890973
83     E2F5    SPAG5  0.276634784064457   0.772567409144197
84     CAV1     E2F5  0.268624835841128   0.786635404454865
85     E2F5     MELK  0.266064935449933   0.788980070339977
86     CDT1     E2F5  0.261130973082024   0.791324736225088
87     E2F5    PATZ1  0.234505597524228    0.81242672919109
88     E2F5     RBL2  0.192719221739987   0.866354044548652
89     E2F5      RDX  0.190863560910782   0.869871043376319
90     BUB1     E2F5  0.175347667768679    0.88862837045721
91   CREBBP     E2F5  0.173255158205822   0.894490035169988
92    DNMT1     E2F5  0.169487881301203   0.903868698710434
93     E2F5      MSN  0.128031961494306   0.954279015240328
94     E2F5    TFDP1  0.126770088644898   0.954279015240328
95     E2F5   PSMD14 0.0919061931297625    0.98358733880422

DeMAND documentation built on Nov. 8, 2020, 8:22 p.m.