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#' @title Write/Import records to a REDCap project
#'
#' @description This function uses REDCap's API to select and return data.
#'
#' @param ds The [base::data.frame()] to be imported into the REDCap project.
#' Required.
#' @param redcap_uri The URI (uniform resource identifier) of the REDCap
#' project. Required.
#' @param token The user-specific string that serves as the password for a
#' project. Required.
#' @param overwrite_with_blanks A boolean value indicating if
#' blank/`NA` values in the R [base::data.frame]
#' will overwrite data on the server.
#' This is the default behavior for REDCapR,
#' which essentially deletes the cell's value
#' If `FALSE`, blank/`NA` values in the [base::data.frame]
#' will be ignored. Optional.
#' @param convert_logical_to_integer If `TRUE`, all [base::logical] columns
#' in `ds` are cast to an integer before uploading to REDCap.
#' Boolean values are typically represented as 0/1 in REDCap radio buttons.
#' Optional.
#' @param verbose A boolean value indicating if `message`s should be printed
#' to the R console during the operation. The verbose output might contain
#' sensitive information (*e.g.* PHI), so turn this off if the output might
#' be visible somewhere public. Optional.
#' @param config_options A list of options to pass to [httr::POST()] method
#' in the 'httr' package. See the details in [redcap_read_oneshot()] Optional.
#'
#' @return Currently, a list is returned with the following elements:
#' * `success`: A boolean value indicating if the operation was apparently
#' successful.
#' * `status_code`: The
#' [http status code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes)
#' of the operation.
#' * `outcome_message`: A human readable string indicating the operation's
#' outcome.
#' * `records_affected_count`: The number of records inserted or updated.
#' * `affected_ids`: The subject IDs of the inserted or updated records.
#' * `elapsed_seconds`: The duration of the function.
#' * `raw_text`: If an operation is NOT successful, the text returned by
#' REDCap. If an operation is successful, the `raw_text` is returned as an
#' empty string to save RAM.
#'
#' @details
#' Currently, the function doesn't modify any variable types to conform to
#' REDCap's supported variables. See [validate_for_write()] for a helper
#' function that checks for some common important conflicts.
#'
#' @author Will Beasley
#'
#' @references The official documentation can be found on the 'API Help Page'
#' and 'API Examples' pages on the REDCap wiki (*i.e.*,
#' https://community.projectredcap.org/articles/456/api-documentation.html and
#' https://community.projectredcap.org/articles/462/api-examples.html).
#' If you do not have an account for the wiki, please ask your campus REDCap
#' administrator to send you the static material.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' #Define some constants
#' uri <- "https://bbmc.ouhsc.edu/redcap/api/"
#' token <- "D70F9ACD1EDD6F151C6EA78683944E98"
#'
#' # Read the dataset for the first time.
#' result_read1 <- REDCapR::redcap_read_oneshot(redcap_uri=uri, token=token)
#' ds1 <- result_read1$data
#' ds1$telephone
#'
#' # Manipulate a field in the dataset in a VALID way
#' ds1$telephone <- paste0("(405) 321-000", seq_len(nrow(ds1)))
#'
#' ds1 <- ds1[1:3, ]
#' ds1$age <- NULL; ds1$bmi <- NULL #Drop the calculated fields before writing.
#' result_write <- REDCapR::redcap_write_oneshot(ds=ds1, redcap_uri=uri, token=token)
#'
#' # Read the dataset for the second time.
#' result_read2 <- REDCapR::redcap_read_oneshot(redcap_uri=uri, token=token)
#' ds2 <- result_read2$data
#' ds2$telephone
#'
#' # Manipulate a field in the dataset in an INVALID way. A US exchange can't be '111'.
#' ds1$telephone <- paste0("(405) 321-000", seq_len(nrow(ds1)))
#'
#' # This next line will throw an error.
#' result_write <- REDCapR::redcap_write_oneshot(ds=ds1, redcap_uri=uri, token=token)
#' result_write$raw_text
#' }
#' @export
redcap_write_oneshot <- function(
ds,
redcap_uri,
token,
overwrite_with_blanks = TRUE,
convert_logical_to_integer = FALSE,
verbose = TRUE,
config_options = NULL
) {
csv_elements <- NULL #This prevents the R CHECK NOTE: 'No visible binding for global variable Note in R CMD check'; Also see if( getRversion() >= "2.15.1" ) utils::globalVariables(names=c("csv_elements")) #https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8096313/no-visible-binding-for-global-variable-note-in-r-cmd-check; https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9439256/how-can-i-handle-r-cmd-check-no-visible-binding-for-global-variable-notes-when
checkmate::assert_character(redcap_uri, any.missing=FALSE, len=1, pattern="^.{1,}$")
checkmate::assert_character(token , any.missing=FALSE, len=1, pattern="^.{1,}$")
token <- sanitize_token(token)
verbose <- verbose_prepare(verbose)
overwrite_with_blanks <- dplyr::if_else(overwrite_with_blanks, "overwrite", "normal")
if (convert_logical_to_integer) {
ds <-
ds %>%
dplyr::mutate_if(is.logical, as.integer)
}
con <- base::textConnection(
object = "csv_elements",
open = "w",
local = TRUE
)
utils::write.csv(ds, con, row.names = FALSE, na = "")
close(con)
csv <- paste(csv_elements, collapse = "\n")
rm(csv_elements, con)
post_body <- list(
token = token,
content = "record",
format = "csv",
type = "flat",
#These next values separate the import from the export API call
#overwriteBehavior:
# *normal* - blank/empty values will be ignored [default];
# *overwrite* - blank/empty values are valid and will overwrite data
data = csv,
overwriteBehavior = overwrite_with_blanks,
returnContent = "ids",
returnFormat = "csv"
)
# This is the important line that communicates with the REDCap server.
kernel <- kernel_api(redcap_uri, post_body, config_options)
if (kernel$success) {
elements <- unlist(strsplit(kernel$raw_text, split="\\n"))
affected_ids <- as.character(elements[-1])
records_affected_count <- length(affected_ids)
outcome_message <- sprintf(
"%s records were written to REDCap in %0.1f seconds.",
format(records_affected_count, big.mark = ",", scientific = FALSE, trim = TRUE),
kernel$elapsed_seconds
)
#If an operation is successful, the `raw_text` is no longer returned to save RAM. The content is not really necessary with httr's status message exposed.
kernel$raw_text <- ""
} else { #If the returned content wasn't recognized as valid IDs, then
affected_ids <- character(0) # Return an empty array
records_affected_count <- NA_integer_
outcome_message <- sprintf(
"The REDCapR write/import operation was not successful. The error message was:\n%s",
kernel$raw_text
)
}
if (verbose)
message(outcome_message)
list(
success = kernel$success,
status_code = kernel$status_code,
outcome_message = outcome_message,
records_affected_count = records_affected_count,
affected_ids = affected_ids,
elapsed_seconds = kernel$elapsed_seconds,
raw_text = kernel$raw_text
)
}
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