R/arv.R

In bp: Blood Pressure Analysis in R

#' Average Real Variability (ARV)
#'
#' THIS IS A DEPRECATED FUNCTION. USE bp_arv INSTEAD.
#'
#' Calculate the Average Real Variability (ARV) at various levels of granularity
#' based on what is supplied (ID, VISIT, WAKE, and / or DATE). ARV is a measure
#' of dispersion that takes into account the temporal structure of the data and relies
#' on the sum of absolute differences in successive observations, unlike the
#' successive variation (SV) which relies on the sum of squared differences.
#'
#' @param data Required argument. Pre-processed dataframe containing SBP and
#' DBP with optional ID, VISIT, WAKE, and DATE columns if available.
#' Use \code{process_data} to properly format data.
#'
#' @param inc_date Optional argument. Default is FALSE. As ABPM data typically
#' overlaps due to falling asleep on one date and waking up on another, the \code{inc_date}
#' argument is typically kept as FALSE, but the function will work regardless. Setting
#' \code{inc_date = TRUE} will include these dates as a grouping level.
#'
#' @param subj Optional argument. Allows the user to specify and subset specific subjects
#' from the \code{ID} column of the supplied data set. The \code{subj} argument can be a single
#' value or a vector of elements. The input type should be character, but the function will
#' comply with integers so long as they are all present in the \code{ID} column of the data.
#'
#' @param bp_type Optional argument. Determines whether to calculate ARV for SBP
#' values or DBP values. Default is 0 corresponding to output for both SBP & DBP.
#' For both SBP and DBP ARV values use bp_type = 0, for SBP-only use bp_type = 1,
#' and for DBP-only use bp_type = 2
#'
#' @param add_groups Optional argument. Allows the user to aggregate the data by an
#' additional "group" to further refine the output. The supplied input must be a
#' character vector with the strings corresponding to existing column names of the
#' processed \code{data} input supplied. Capitalization of \code{add_groups} does not matter.
#' Ex: \code{add_groups = c("Time_of_Day")}
#'
#' @param inc_wake Optional argument corresponding to whether or not to include \code{WAKE}
#' in the grouping of the final output (if \code{WAKE} column is available). By default,
#' \code{inc_wake = TRUE} which will include the \code{WAKE} column in the groups by which
#' to calculate the respective metrics.
#'
#'
#' @return A tibble object with a row corresponding to each subject, or alternatively
#' a row corresponding to each date, if inc_date = TRUE. The resulting tibble consists of:
#' \itemize{
#'
#'    \item \code{ID}: The unique identifier of the subject. For single-subject datasets, ID = 1
#'    \item \code{VISIT}: (If applicable) Corresponds to the visit # of the subject, if more than 1
#'    \item \code{WAKE}: (If applicable) Corresponds to the awake status of the subject (0 = asleep |
#'    1 = awake)
#'    \item \code{ARV_SBP} / \code{ARV_DBP}: Calculates the average of the absolute differences between
#'    successive measurements. The resulting value averages across the granularity grouping
#'    for however many observations are present.
#'    \item \code{N}: The number of observations for that particular grouping. If \code{inc_date = TRUE},
#'    \code{N} corresponds to the number of observations for that date. If \code{inc_date = FALSE}, N
#'    corresponds to the number of observations for the most granular grouping available (i.e.
#'    a combination of \code{ID}, \code{VISIT}, and \code{WAKE})
#'    \item Any add_groups variables supplied to function argument will be present as a column in the
#'    resulting tibble.
#'
#' }
#'
#' @references
#' Mena et al. (2005) A reliable index for the prognostic significance of
#' blood pressure variability
#' \emph{Journal of Hypertension} \strong{23(5)}.505-11,
#' \doi{10.1097/01.hjh.0000160205.81652.5a}.
#'
#' @import stats
#'
#' @examples
#' # Load data
#' data(bp_hypnos)
#' data(bp_jhs)
#'
#' # Process bp_hypnos
#' hypnos_proc <- process_data(bp_hypnos, sbp = "SYST", dbp = "DIAST", date_time = "date.time",
#' id = "id", wake = "wake", visit = "visit", hr = "hr", pp ="pp", map = "map", rpp = "rpp")
#' # Process bp_jhs data
#' jhs_proc <- process_data(bp_jhs, sbp = "Sys.mmHg.", dbp = "Dias.mmHg.", date_time = "DateTime",
#' hr = "Pulse.bpm.")
#'
#'\dontrun{
#' # ARV Calculation
#' bp_arv(hypnos_proc, add_groups = c("SBP_Category"))
#' bp_arv(jhs_proc, inc_date = TRUE)
#' }
arv <- function(data, inc_date = FALSE, subj = NULL, bp_type = 0, add_groups = NULL, inc_wake = TRUE){

  .Deprecated("bp_arv")

  SBP = DBP = ID = . = NULL
  rm(list = c('SBP', 'DBP', 'ID', '.'))


  # If user supplies a vector corresponding to a subset of multiple subjects (multi-subject only)
  if(!is.null(subj)){

    # check to ensure that supplied subject vector is compatible
    subject_subset_check(data, subj)

    if(length(unique(data$ID)) > 1){

      # Filter data based on subset of subjects
      data <- data %>%
        dplyr::filter(ID %in% subj)

    }

  }


  if(bp_type == 0 | bp_type == 1){

    # SBP
    # check for missing values
    if(nrow(data) != length(which(stats::complete.cases(data$SBP) == TRUE))){
      warning('Missing SBP values found in data set. Removing for calculation')
      data <- data[which(!is.na(data$SBP)),]
    }
  }else if(bp_type == 0 | bp_type == 2){

    # DBP
    # check for missing values
    if(nrow(data) != length(which(stats::complete.cases(data$DBP) == TRUE))){
      warning('Missing DBP values found in data set. Removing for calculation')
      data <- data[which(!is.na(data$DBP)),]
    }
  }



  # Verify that add_groups is valid and create grps variable for dplyr
  grps <- create_grps(data = data, inc_date = inc_date, add_groups = add_groups, inc_wake = inc_wake)

  if(length(grps) == 0){

    message('NOTE: No columns specified for ID, VISIT, or WAKE. All ARV values aggregated.')

  }

  # Avoid issues with capitalization by the user
  colnames(data) <- toupper( colnames(data) )
  grps <- toupper(grps)


  # Group data by whichever of the three above variables are present in the data
  out <- data %>%
    dplyr::group_by_at(dplyr::vars(grps) ) %>%

    # ARV Calculation
    { if (bp_type == 1) dplyr::summarise(., ARV = sum( abs( (SBP - dplyr::lag(SBP))[2:length(SBP - dplyr::lag(SBP))] ) ) / (dplyr::n() - 1), N = dplyr::n()) else . } %>% # SBP only
    { if (bp_type == 2) dplyr::summarise(., ARV = sum( abs( (DBP - dplyr::lag(DBP))[2:length(DBP - dplyr::lag(DBP))] ) ) / (dplyr::n() - 1), N = dplyr::n()) else . } %>% # DBP only
    { if (bp_type == 0) dplyr::summarise(., ARV_SBP = sum( abs( (SBP - dplyr::lag(SBP))[2:length(SBP - dplyr::lag(SBP))] ) ) / (dplyr::n() - 1),
                                         ARV_DBP = sum( abs( (DBP - dplyr::lag(DBP))[2:length(DBP - dplyr::lag(DBP))] ) ) / (dplyr::n() - 1), N = dplyr::n()) else . } # both SBP and DBP


  return(out)
}