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##### mess by B. Petitpierre, 2011 ####
### mess function calculates the MESS (i.e. extrapolation) as in Maxent ###
### arguments ###
### proj: projection datase t###
### cal: calibration dataset ###
### w: weight for each predictor (e.g. variables importance in SDM) ###
### return values ###
### MESS: mess as calculated in Maxent, i.e. the minimal extrapolation values ###
### MESSw: sum of negative MESS values corrected by the total number of predictors;
### if there is no negative values, MESSw is then the mean MESS ###
### MESSneg: number of predictors on which there is extrapolation ###
ecospat.mess <- function(proj, cal, w = "default") {
if (!is.matrix(proj)) {
proj <- as.matrix(proj)
cal <- as.matrix(cal)
}
xy.proj <- proj[,1:2]
xy.cal <- cal[,1:2] #Not used at the moment but could be to plot some additonal stuff
proj <- proj[,-c(1:2)]
cal <- cal[,-c(1:2)]
if (w == "default") {
w <- rep(1, ncol(proj))
}
minp <- apply(cal, 2, min)
minp <- sapply(minp, rep, t = nrow(proj))
maxp <- apply(cal, 2, max)
maxp <- sapply(maxp, rep, t = nrow(proj))
ecdf.cal <- apply(cal, 2, ecdf)
fn <- function(k, seqdeseq, proj) {
lapply(proj[, k], seqdeseq[[k]])
}
fi <- round(unlist(sapply(1:ncol(proj), fn, ecdf.cal, proj, simplify = TRUE)) *
100)
# x=fi,proj,minp,maxp
messi <- function(x) {
if (x[1] == 0) {
MESSi <- (x[2] - x[3])/(x[4] - x[3]) * 100
}
if (x[1] > 0 & x[1] <= 50) {
MESSi <- 2 * x[1]
}
if (x[1] > 50 & x[1] < 100) {
MESSi <- 2 * (100 - x[1])
}
if (x[1] == 100) {
MESSi <- (x[4] - x[2])/(x[4] - x[3]) * 100
}
return(MESSi)
}
count.neg <- function(x) {
return(length(which(x < 0)))
}
total <- round(matrix(apply(cbind(fi, as.vector(proj), as.vector(minp),
as.vector(maxp)),1, messi), nrow = nrow(proj)))
if (ncol(proj) > 1) {
MESS <- apply(total, 1, min)
MESSneg <- total
MESSneg[MESSneg[] > 0] <- 0
MESSneg[which(MESS >= 0), ] <- total[which(MESS >= 0), ]
MESSw <- round(apply(MESSneg, 1, weighted.mean, w = w))
MESSneg <- apply(total, 1, count.neg)
return(cbind(xy.proj,MESS, MESSw, MESSneg))
} else {
return(cbind(xy.proj,total))
}
}
##### plot.mess by B. Petitpierre, 2011 #### plot the MESS extrapolation index onto
##### the geographical space ### arguments ### xy: xy coordinates of the projection
##### dataset t### mess.object: dataframe returned by the mess() function ### return
##### values ### MESS: mess as calculated in Maxent, i.e. the minimal extrapolation
##### values (red= negative, blue= positive values) ### MESSw: sum of negative MESS
##### values corrected by the total number of predictors; if there is no negative
##### values, MESSw is then the mean MESS (red= negative, blue= positive values)###
##### MESSneg: number of predictors on which there is extrapolation ###
ecospat.plot.mess <- function (mess.object, cex = 1, pch = 15)
{
#Plot MESS
col.mess.neg <- colorRampPalette(c("white", "red"))
col.mess.pos <- colorRampPalette(c("white", "blue"))
col.neg <- col.mess.neg(max(1 + abs(mess.object[, 3])))
col.pos <- col.mess.pos(max(1 + abs(mess.object[, 3])))
par(mfrow = c(2, 2))
plot(mess.object[,1:2], cex = cex, pch = pch, col = 0, main = "MESS", xlab = paste("min=",
min(mess.object[, 3]), " & max=", max(mess.object[, 3]), sep = ""), ylab = "")
points(mess.object[,1:2][which(mess.object[, 3] < 0), ], cex = cex, pch = pch,
col = col.neg[mess.object[which(mess.object[, 3] < 0), 3]])
points(mess.object[,1:2][which(mess.object[, 3] > 0), ], cex = cex, pch = pch,
col = col.pos[mess.object[which(mess.object[, 3] > 0), 3]])
#Plot MESSw
col.neg <- col.mess.neg(max(1 + abs(mess.object[, 4])))
col.pos <- col.mess.pos(max(1 + abs(mess.object[, 4])))
plot(mess.object[,1:2], cex = cex, pch = pch, col = 0, main = "MESSw", xlab = paste("min=", min(mess.object[, 4]), " & max=", max(mess.object[, 4]), sep = ""), ylab = "")
points(mess.object[,1:2][which(mess.object[, 4] < 0), ], cex = cex, pch = pch, col = col.neg[mess.object[which(mess.object[, 4] < 0), 4]])
points(mess.object[,1:2][which(mess.object[, 4] > 0), ], cex = cex, pch = pch, col = col.pos[mess.object[which(mess.object[, 4] > 0), 4]])
#Plot MESSneg
col.neg <- col.mess.neg(max(1 + abs(mess.object[, 5])))
plot(mess.object[,1:2], cex = cex, pch = pch, col = col.neg[mess.object[, 5] + 1], main = "#MESSneg", xlab = paste("min=", min(mess.object[, 5]), " & max=", max(mess.object[, 5]), sep = ""), ylab = "")
}
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