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R/plot.R
In gsynth: Generalized Synthetic Control Method
Defines functions
plot.gsynth
Documented in
plot.gsynth
#######################################################
## METHODS
#######################################################
##########
## Plot
##########
#x a gsynth object
# type of the plot; axes limits; axes labels;
# show raw data in "counterfactual" mode # ("none","band","all")
# main: whether to show the title;
# nfactors: whose loadings to be plotted
# id: individual plot
plot.gsynth <- function(
x,
type = "gap",
xlim = NULL,
ylim = NULL,
xlab = NULL,
ylab = NULL,
legendOff = FALSE,
raw = "none",
main = NULL,
nfactors = NULL,
id = NULL,
axis.adjust = FALSE,
theme.bw = TRUE,
shade.post = FALSE,
...){
##-------------------------------##
## Checking Parameters
##-------------------------------##
outcome <- NULL
ATT <- NULL
CI.lower <- NULL
CI.upper <- NULL
co5 <- NULL
co95 <- NULL
tr5 <- NULL
tr95 <- NULL
group <- NULL
L1 <- NULL
out <- NULL
scaleFUN <- function(x) sprintf("%.f", x) ## integer value at x axis
if (class(x)!="gsynth") {
stop("Not a \"gsynth\" object.")
}
if (!type %in% c("gap","counterfactual","ct","factors","missing","loadings","raw")) {
stop("\"type\" option misspecified.")
}
if (type == "ct") {
type <- "counterfactual"
}
if (is.null(x$factor) & type == "factors") {
stop("No factors to be plotted.")
}
if (is.null(x$lambda.tr) & type == "factors") {
stop("No loadings to be plotted.")
}
if (is.null(xlim)==FALSE) {
if (is.numeric(xlim)==FALSE) {
stop("Some element in \"xlim\" is not numeric.")
} else {
if (length(xlim)!=2) {
stop("xlim must be of length 2.")
}
}
}
if (is.null(ylim)==FALSE) {
## if (type!="missing") {
if (is.numeric(ylim)==FALSE) {
stop("Some element in \"ylim\" is not numeric.")
} else {
if (length(ylim)!=2) {
stop("ylim must be of length 2.")
}
}
## } else {
## m.l <- length(ylim)
## for (i in 1:m.l) {
## if (!ylim[m.l]%in%x$id) {
## stop("Some specified units are not in the data.")
## }
## }
## }
}
if (is.null(xlab)==FALSE) {
if (is.character(xlab) == FALSE) {
stop("\"xlab\" is not a string.")
} else {
xlab <- xlab[1]
}
}
if (is.null(ylab)==FALSE) {
if (is.character(ylab) == FALSE) {
stop("\"ylab\" is not a string.")
} else {
ylab <- ylab[1]
}
}
if (is.logical(legendOff) == FALSE & is.numeric(legendOff)==FALSE) {
stop("\"legendOff\" is not a logical flag.")
}
if (type == "counterfactual") {
if (! raw %in% c("none","band","all")) {
cat("\"raw\" option misspecifed. Reset to \"none\".")
raw <- "none"
}
if (is.null(id)==FALSE) {
if (length(id)>1) {
stop("More than 1 element in \"id\".")
}
}
}
if (is.null(main)==FALSE) {
if (is.character(main) == FALSE) {
stop("\"main\" is not a string.")
} else {
main <- main[1]
}
}
if (is.null(nfactors)==FALSE) {
if (is.numeric(nfactors)==FALSE) {
stop("\"nfactors\" is not a positive integer.")
} else {
nfactors <- nfactors[1]
if (nfactors%%1!=0 | nfactors<=0) {
stop("\"nfactors\" is not a positive integer.")
}
}
}
if (axis.adjust==TRUE) {
angle <- 45
x.v <- 1
x.h <- 1
} else {
angle <- 0
x.v <- 0
if (type=="missing") {
x.h <- 0.5
} else {
x.h <- 0
}
}
##-------------------------------##
## Plotting
##-------------------------------##
I.tr <- x$I.tr
D.tr <- x$D.tr
Y.tr <- x$Y.tr
Y.co <- x$Y.co
Y.ct <- x$Y.ct
tb <- x$est.att
Yb <- x$Y.bar[,1:2] ## treated average and counterfactual average
tr <- x$tr
pre <- x$pre
post <- x$post
# I.tr <- x$I.tr
TT <- x$T
T0 <- x$T0 ## notice
p <- x$p
## m <- x$m
Ntr <- x$Ntr
Nco <- x$Nco
N <- x$N
force <- x$force
F.hat <- x$factor
L.tr <- x$lambda.tr
## time.label <- x$time
## T.b <- 1:TT
if (!is.null(L.tr)) {
r <- dim(L.tr)[2]
} else {
r <- 0
}
if (type!="missing") {
if (is.null(id)==TRUE) {
id <- x$id.tr
}
} else {
if (is.null(id)==TRUE) {
id <- colnames(x$obs.missing)
}
m.l <- length(id)
for (i in 1:m.l) {
if (!id[i]%in%colnames(x$obs.missing)) {
stop("Some specified units are not in the data.")
}
}
}
## parameters
line.width <- c(1.2,0.5)
## color of axes
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
line.color <- "#AAAAAA70"
} else {
line.color <- "white"
}
## shade in the post-treatment period
if (is.null(shade.post) == TRUE) {
if (type %in% c("raw","counterfactual")) {
shade.post <- TRUE
}
if (type %in% c("gap","factors")) {
shade.post <- FALSE
}
} else {
if (!class(shade.post) %in% c("logical","numeric")) {
stop("Wrong type for option \"shade.post\"")
}
}
## type of plots
if (type == "raw"| type == "counterfactual" |
type == "factors" | length(id) == 1 | type =="missing" |
type=="loadings") {
time <- x$time
if (!is.numeric(time[1])) {
time <- 1:TT
}
if (type!="missing") {
if (length(id) == 1) {
time.bf <- time[T0[which(id == x$id.tr)]]
} else {
time.bf <- time[unique(T0)]
}
}
## periods to show
if (length(xlim) != 0) {
## if(is.numeric(time[1])){
show <- which(time>=xlim[1]& time<=xlim[2])
## } else {
## xlim[1] <- which(x$time>=xlim[1])[1]
## xlim[2] <- which(x$time<=xlim[2])[length(which(x$time<=xlim[2]))]
## show <- which(time>=xlim[1]& time<=xlim[2])
## }
} else {
show <- 1:length(time)
}
}
if (type == "gap") { ## variable treatment timing
time <- c(1:TT) - min(T0)
time.bf <- 0 ## before treatment
if (length(xlim) != 0) {
show <- which(time>=xlim[1]& time<=xlim[2])
} else {
show <- 1:length(time)
}
}
nT <- length(show)
time.label <- x$time[show]
## if (axis.adjust==FALSE) {
## n.period <- length(show)
## } else {
## n.period <- length(show) ## min(length(show),20)
## }
## if (axis.adjust==TRUE) {
## n.period <- n.period - 1
## T.n <- (nT-1)%/%n.period
## T.res <- (nT-1)%%n.period
## T.b <- seq(from=1,to=T.n*n.period+1,by=T.n)
## if (T.res!=0) {
## T.j <- 1
## for(i in (n.period-T.res+2):(n.period+1)) {
## T.b[i] <- T.b[i] + T.j
## T.j <- T.j + 1
## }
## }
## T.b <- show[T.b]
## } else {
T.b <- 1:length(show)
## }
## legend on/off
if (legendOff == TRUE) {
legend.pos <- "none"
} else {
legend.pos <- "bottom"
}
############ START ###############
if (type == "raw") {
## axes labels
if (is.null(xlab)==TRUE) {
xlab <- x$index[2]
} else if (xlab == "") {
xlab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(ylab)==TRUE) {
ylab <- x$Yname
} else if (ylab == "") {
ylab <- NULL
}
pst <- D.tr
for (i in 1:Ntr){
pst[T0[i],i] <- 1 ## paint the period right before treatment
}
time.pst <- c(pst[show,] * time[show])
time.pst <- time.pst[which(c(pst[show,])==1)]
Y.tr.pst <- c(Y.tr[show,])[which(pst[show,]==1)]
id.tr.pst <- matrix(rep(1:Ntr,each=TT),TT,Ntr,byrow=FALSE)[show,]
id.tr.pst <- c(id.tr.pst)[which(pst[show,]==1)]
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = c(rep(time[show], N), time.pst),
"outcome" = c(c(Y.tr[show,]),
c(Y.co[show,]),
Y.tr.pst),
"type" = c(rep("tr",(Ntr*nT)),
rep("co",(Nco*nT)),
rep("tr.pst",length(Y.tr.pst))),
"id" = c(rep(1:N,each = nT), id.tr.pst*(-1)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
## labels and legend
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.h),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (x$sameT0==TRUE) {
p <- p + geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2)
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type,
group = id))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","tr.pst","co")
set.labels = c("Treated (Pre)",
"Treated (Post)",
"Controls")
if (theme.bw == FALSE) {
set.colors = c("#FC8D6280","red","#99999950")
} else {
set.colors = c("#4671D565","#06266F","#5E5E5E50")
}
set.linetypes = c("solid","solid","solid")
set.linewidth = c(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
## title
if (is.null(main) == TRUE) {
p <- p + ggtitle("Raw Data")
} else if (main!="") {
p <- p + ggtitle(main)
}
## ylim
if (is.null(ylim) == FALSE) {
p <- p + coord_cartesian(ylim = ylim)
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
} else if (type == "gap") {
if (length(id) == 1 & !(id[1] %in% x$id.tr)) { ## error
stop(paste(id,"not in the treatment group"))
} else { ## no error
## axes labels
if (is.null(xlab) == TRUE) {
if (x$sameT0 == TRUE) {
xlab <- x$index[2]
} else {
xlab <- paste("Time relative to Treatment")
}
} else if (xlab == "") {
xlab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(ylab) == TRUE) {
ylab <- "Coefficient"
} else if (ylab == "") {
ylab <- NULL
}
## title
if (length(id) == 1 && !is.null(x$est.ind)) { ## id specified
maintext <- paste(x$index[1],"=",id)
} else {
maintext <- "Estimated ATT"
}
## contruct data for plotting
if (is.null(x$est.att)==TRUE) {
cat("Uncertainty estimates not available.\n")
if (length(id) == 1) { ## id specified
data <- cbind.data.frame(time, x$eff)[show,]
colnames(data) <- c("time","ATT")
} else {
data <- cbind.data.frame(time, ATT = x$att)[show,]
}
} else {
if (length(id) == 1 && !is.null(x$est.ind)) { ## id specified
id <- which(x$id.tr == id)
tb <- x$est.ind[,,id]
time.bf <- time[T0[id]]
time <- time - time.bf
time.bf <- 0
if (!is.null(tb)) {
colnames(tb) <- c("ATT", "S.E.", "CI.lower", "CI.upper","p.value")
} else {
tb <- as.matrix(x$eff[,id])
colnames(tb) <- "ATT"
}
}
data <- cbind.data.frame(time, tb)[show,]
}
### plotting
p <- ggplot(data)
## black/white theme
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + geom_vline(xintercept = time.bf, colour=line.color,size = 2) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, colour=line.color,size = 2) +
xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## point estimates
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, ATT), size = 1.2)
## confidence intervals
if (is.null(x$est.att)==FALSE || !(is.null(x$est.ind)&length(id) == 1)) {
p <- p + geom_ribbon(aes(x = time, ymin=CI.lower, ymax=CI.upper),alpha=0.2)
}
## title
if (is.null(main) == TRUE) {
p <- p + ggtitle(maintext)
} else if (main!=""){
p <- p + ggtitle(main)
}
## ylim
if (is.null(ylim) == FALSE) {
p <- p + coord_cartesian(ylim = ylim)
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
} ## end of "gap" (in case of no id error)
} else if (type=="counterfactual") {
if (length(id) == 1|length(x$id.tr) == 1|x$sameT0==TRUE) {
if (length(id)==1 & !(id[1]%in%x$id.tr)) { ## error
cat(paste(id,"not in the treatment group"))
} else { ## one treated unit case
## axes labels
if (is.null(xlab)==TRUE) {
xlab <- x$index[2]
} else if (xlab == "") {
xlab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(ylab)==TRUE) {
ylab <- x$Yname
} else if (ylab == "") {
ylab <- NULL
}
if (length(id) == 1 | length(x$id.tr) == 1) { ## one treated unit
if (is.null(id) == TRUE) {
id <- x$id.tr
}
maintext <- paste("Treated and Counterfactual (",id,")",sep="")
tr.info <- Y.tr[,which(id==x$id.tr)]
ct.info <- Y.ct[,which(id==x$id.tr)]
if (raw == "none") {
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],2),
"outcome" = c(tr.info[show],
ct.info[show]),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("ct",nT)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","ct")
set.labels = c("Treated", "Estimated Y(0)")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash")
set.linewidth = rep(line.width[1],2)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
} else if (raw == "band") {
Y.co.90 <- t(apply(Y.co, 1, quantile, prob=c(0.05,0.95), na.rm = TRUE))
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],2),
"outcome" = c(tr.info[show],
ct.info[show]),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("ct",nT)))
data.band <- cbind.data.frame(time, Y.co.90)[show,]
colnames(data.band) <- c("time","co5","co95")
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type))
## band
p <- p + geom_ribbon(data = data.band,
aes(ymin = co5, ymax = co95, x=time),
alpha = 0.15, fill = "steelblue")
set.limits = c("tr","co.band","ct")
set.labels = c("Treated", "Controls (5-95% Quantiles)",
"Estimated Y(0)")
set.colors = c("black","#4682B480","steelblue")
set.linetypes = c("solid","solid","longdash")
set.linewidth = c(line.width[1],4,line.width[1])
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
} else if (raw == "all") { ## plot all the raw data
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],(2 + Nco)),
"outcome" = c(tr.info[show],
ct.info[show],
c(Y.co[show,])),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("ct",nT),
rep("raw.co",(Nco * nT))),
"id" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("ct",nT),
rep(c(x$id.co), each = nT)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type,
group = id))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","raw.co","ct")
set.labels = c("Treated","Controls","Estimated Y(0)")
set.colors = c("black","#4682B420","steelblue")
set.linetypes = c("solid","solid","longdash")
set.linewidth = c(line.width[1],line.width[2],line.width[1])
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
}
} else { # begin multiple treated unit case
maintext <- "Treated and Counterfactual Averages"
if (raw == "none") {
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],2),
"outcome" = c(Yb[show,1],
Yb[show,2]),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","co")
set.labels = c("Treated Average",
"Estimated Y(0) Average")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash")
set.linewidth = rep(line.width[1],2)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
} else if (raw == "band") {
Y.tr.90 <- t(apply(Y.tr, 1, quantile, prob=c(0.05,0.95),na.rm=TRUE))
Y.co.90 <- t(apply(Y.co, 1, quantile, prob=c(0.05,0.95),na.rm=TRUE))
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],2),
"outcome" = c(Yb[show,1],
Yb[show,2]),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT)))
data.band <- cbind.data.frame(time, Y.tr.90, Y.co.90)[show,]
colnames(data.band) <- c("time","tr5","tr95","co5","co95")
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf, ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type))
## band
p <- p + geom_ribbon(data = data.band,
aes(ymin = tr5, ymax = tr95, x=time),
alpha = 0.15, fill = "black") +
geom_ribbon(data = data.band,
aes(ymin = co5, ymax = co95, x=time),
alpha = 0.15, fill = "steelblue")
set.limits = c("tr","co","tr.band","co.band")
set.labels = c("Treated Average",
"Estimated Y(0) Average",
"Treated 5-95% Quantiles",
"Controls 5-95% Quantiles")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue","#77777750","#4682B480")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash","solid","solid")
set.linewidth = c(rep(line.width[1],2),4,4)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
} else if (raw == "all") { ## plot all the raw data
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],(2 + N)),
"outcome" = c(Yb[show,1],
Yb[show,2],
c(Y.tr[show,]),
c(Y.co[show,])),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT),
rep("raw.tr",(Ntr * nT)),
rep("raw.co",(Nco * nT))),
"id" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT),
rep(c(x$id.tr,x$id.co),
each = nT)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type,
group = id))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","co","raw.tr","raw.co")
set.labels = c("Treated Average",
"Estimated Y(0) Average",
"Treated Raw Data",
"Controls Raw Data")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue","#77777750","#4682B420")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash","solid","solid")
set.linewidth = rep(line.width,each=2)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
}
} # end multiple treated unit case
## title
if (is.null(main) == TRUE) {
p <- p + ggtitle(maintext)
} else if (main!="") {
p <- p + ggtitle(main)
}
## ylim
if (is.null(ylim) == FALSE) {
p <- p + coord_cartesian(ylim = ylim)
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
}
} else {
maintext <- "Treated and Counterfactual Averages"
## axes labels
if (is.null(xlab)==TRUE) {
xlab <- paste("Time relative to Treatment")
} else if (xlab == "") {
xlab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(ylab)==TRUE) {
ylab <- x$Yname
} else if (ylab == "") {
ylab <- NULL
}
xx <- ct.adjsut(x$Y.tr, x$Y.ct, x$T0)
time <- xx$timeline
Yb <- xx$Yb
Y.tr.aug <- xx$Y.tr.aug
## Y.ct.aug <- xx$Y.ct.aug
time.bf <- 0 ## before treatment
if (!is.null(xlim)) {
show <- which(time>=xlim[1]& time<=xlim[2])
} else {
show <- 1:length(time)
}
nT <- length(show)
if (raw == "none") {
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],2),
"outcome" = c(Yb[show,1],
Yb[show,2]),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","co")
set.labels = c("Treated Average",
"Estimated Y(0) Average")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash")
set.linewidth = rep(line.width[1],2)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
} else if (raw == "band") {
Y.tr.90 <- t(apply(Y.tr.aug, 1, quantile, prob=c(0.05,0.95),na.rm=TRUE))
## Y.co.90 <- t(apply(Y.co, 1, quantile, prob=c(0.05,0.95),na.rm=TRUE))
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],2),
"outcome" = c(Yb[show,1],
Yb[show,2]),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT)))
data.band <- cbind.data.frame(time, Y.tr.90)[show,]
colnames(data.band) <- c("time","tr5","tr95")
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type))
## band
p <- p + geom_ribbon(data = data.band,
aes(ymin = tr5, ymax = tr95, x=time),
alpha = 0.15, fill = "red")
set.limits = c("tr","co","tr.band")
set.labels = c("Treated Average",
"Estimated Y(0) Average",
"Treated 5-95% Quantiles")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue","#77777750")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash","solid")
set.linewidth = c(rep(line.width[1],2),4)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
} else if (raw == "all") { ## plot all the raw data
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],(2 + Ntr)),
"outcome" = c(Yb[show,1],
Yb[show,2],
c(Y.tr.aug[show,])),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT),
rep("raw.tr",(Ntr * nT))),
"id" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT),
rep(c(x$id.tr),
each = nT)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type,
group = id))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","co","raw.tr")
set.labels = c("Treated Average",
"Estimated Y(0) Average",
"Treated Raw Data")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue","#77777750")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash","solid")
set.linewidth = c(rep(line.width[1],2),line.width[2])
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
}
## title
if (is.null(main) == TRUE) {
p <- p + ggtitle(maintext)
} else if (main!="") {
p <- p + ggtitle(main)
}
## ylim
if (is.null(ylim) == FALSE) {
p <- p + coord_cartesian(ylim = ylim)
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
}
} else if (type=="factors") {
if (x$r.cv==0) {
cat("No factors included in the model.\n")
} else {
## axes labels
if (is.null(xlab)==TRUE) {
xlab <- x$index[2]
} else if (xlab == "") {
xlab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(ylab)==TRUE) {
ylab <- "Estimate"
} else if (ylab == "") {
ylab <- NULL
}
## title
if (is.null(main) == TRUE) {
main <- "Latent Factors"
} else if (main=="") {
main <- NULL
}
## prepare data
L.co<-x$lambda.co
norm<-sqrt(diag(t(L.co)%*%L.co)/(x$N-x$Ntr))
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],r),
"factor" = c(F.hat[show,])*rep(norm,each=nT),
"group" = as.factor(c(rep(1:r,each=nT))))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) + ggtitle(main) +
geom_hline(yintercept=0,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
## main plot
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, factor,
colour = group,
group = group), size = 1.2)
brew.colors <- c("black","steelblue","#8DD3C7","#FFFFB3","#BEBADA","#FB8072","#80B1D3","#FDB462","#B3DE69","#FCCDE5","#D9D9D9")
set.colors = brew.colors[1:r]
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(values =set.colors)
## legend
p <- p + guides(colour = guide_legend(title="Factor(s)", ncol=4))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
}
## ylim
if (is.null(ylim) == FALSE) {
p <- p + coord_cartesian(ylim = ylim)
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
}
} else if (type=="loadings") {
if (x$r.cv==0) {
cat("No factors are included in the model.\n")
} else {
## number of loadings to be plotted
if (is.null(nfactors)==TRUE) {
nfactors<-min(x$r.cv,4)
} else if (nfactors>x$r.cv) {
cat("Too many factors specified. ")
nfactors<-min(x$r.cv,4)
}
if (nfactors == 1) {
cat("Loadings for the first factor are shown...\n")
} else if (nfactors < x$r.cv) {
cat(paste("Loadings for the first",nfactors,"factors are shown...\n"))
}
## title
if (is.null(main) == TRUE) {
main <- "Factor Loadings"
} else if (main=="") {
main <- NULL
}
## prepare data
L.hat <- rbind(x$lambda.tr, x$lambda.co)
Lname <- Llabel <- c()
for (i in 1:r) {
Lname<-c(Lname,paste("L",i,sep=""))
Llabel<-c(Llabel,paste("Factor",i))
}
colnames(L.hat) <- Lname
rownames(L.hat) <- c()
data <- cbind.data.frame(L.hat,
"id"=c(x$id.tr, x$id.co),
"group"=as.factor(c(rep("Treated",Ntr),
rep("Control",Nco))))
if (nfactors == 1) {
p <- ggplot(data, aes(x=group, y=L1, fill = group)) +
geom_boxplot(alpha = 0.7) +
coord_flip() + guides(fill=FALSE) +
xlab("") + ylab("Factor Loading")
} else {
if (x$Ntr < 5) {
my_dens <- function(data, mapping, ...) {
ggplot(data = data, mapping = mapping) +
geom_density(..., fill = "gray", alpha = 0.7, color = "gray50")
}
p <- GGally::ggpairs(data, mapping = aes(color = group),
columns = 1:nfactors,
columnLabels = Llabel[1:nfactors],
diag = list(continuous = my_dens),
title = main)
} else {
my_dens <- function(data, mapping, ...) {
ggplot(data = data, mapping = mapping) +
geom_density(..., alpha = 0.7, color = NA)
}
p <- GGally::ggpairs(data, mapping = aes(color = group, fill = group),
columns = 1:nfactors,
columnLabels = Llabel[1:nfactors],
diag = list(continuous = my_dens),
title = main) +
theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5))
}
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
}
} else if (type=="missing") {
if (is.null(xlab)==TRUE) {
xlab <- x$index[2]
} else if (xlab == "") {
xlab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(ylab)==TRUE) {
ylab <- x$index[1]
} else if (ylab == "") {
ylab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(main)==TRUE) {
main <- "Treatment Status"
} else if (main == "") {
main <- NULL
}
m <- x$obs.missing
if (!is.null(id)) {
m <- as.matrix(m[show,which(colnames(m)%in%id)])
} else {
m <- as.matrix(m[show,])
## ylim <- colnames(m)
}
all <- unique(c(m))
col <- col2 <- breaks <- label <- NULL
if (0%in%all) {
col <- c(col,"#FFFFFF")
col2 <- c(col2, "0"=NA)
breaks <- c(breaks,0)
label <- c(label,"Missing")
}
if (1%in%all) {
col <- c(col,"#B0C4DE")
col2 <- c(col2, "1"=NA)
breaks <- c(breaks,1)
label <- c(label,"Controls")
}
if (2%in%all) {
col <- c(col,"#4671D5")
col2 <- c(col2, "2"=NA)
breaks <- c(breaks,2)
label <- c(label,"Treated (Pre)")
}
if (3%in%all) {
col <- c(col,"#06266F")
col2 <- c(col2, "3"=NA)
breaks <- c(breaks,3)
label <- c(label,"Treated (Post)")
}
if (4%in%all) {
col <- c(col,"#A9A9A9")
col2 <- c(col2, "4"="red")
breaks <- c(breaks,4)
label <- c(label,"Treated (Removed)")
}
T <- dim(m)[1]
N <- dim(m)[2]
units <- rep(rev(1:N), each = T)
period <- rep(1:T, N)
res <- c(m)
data <- cbind.data.frame(units=units, period=period, res=res)
data[,"res"] <- as.factor(data[,"res"])
N.b <- 1:N
p <- ggplot(data, aes(x = period, y = units,
fill = res), position = "identity")
p <- p + geom_tile(colour="gray90", size=0.1, stat="identity")
p <- p +
labs(x = xlab, y = ylab,
## fill = "Value",
title=main) +
theme_bw() +
scale_fill_manual(NA, breaks = breaks, values = col, labels=label)
if(4%in%all) {
p <- p + geom_point(aes(colour=res),size=0.5)
p <- p + scale_color_manual(NA, breaks=breaks,
values=col2, labels=label)
}
p <- p +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.border = element_rect(fill=NA,color="gray90", size=0.5, linetype="solid"),
axis.line = element_blank(),
axis.ticks = element_blank(),
axis.text = element_text(color="black", size=14),
axis.title=element_text(size=12),
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 8, angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 8),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "grey90"),
legend.background = element_rect(fill = "grey90"),
legend.position = legend.pos,
legend.title=element_blank(),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0))) +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = T.b, labels = time.label[T.b]) +
scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = N.b, labels = rev(sort(id)))
if(length(all)>=4) {
p <- p + guides(fill=guide_legend(nrow=2,byrow=TRUE))
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
}
}
## counterfactual adjust
ct.adjsut <- function (Y.tr,
Y.ct,
T0) {
T <- dim(Y.tr)[1]
N <- dim(Y.tr)[2]
## T.end <- T - min(T0)
## T.start <-
T.m <- matrix(rep(1:T,N),T,N) - matrix(rep(T0,each=T),T,N)
timeline <- min(T.m):max(T.m)
Y.tr.aug <- matrix(NA,length(timeline),N)
Y.ct.aug <- matrix(NA,length(timeline),N)
for(i in 1:N) {
Y.tr.aug[which(timeline%in%T.m[,i]),i] <- Y.tr[,i]
Y.ct.aug[which(timeline%in%T.m[,i]),i] <- Y.ct[,i]
}
Y.tr.bar <- apply(Y.tr.aug, 1, mean, na.rm=TRUE)
Y.ct.bar <- apply(Y.ct.aug, 1, mean, na.rm=TRUE)
Yb <- cbind(Y.tr.bar,Y.ct.bar)
return(list(timeline=timeline,
Y.tr.aug=Y.tr.aug,
Y.ct.aug=Y.ct.aug,
Yb=Yb))
}
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gsynth documentation built on Aug. 6, 2021, 9:07 a.m.
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Defines functions plot.gsynth
Documented in plot.gsynth
#######################################################
## METHODS
#######################################################
##########
## Plot
##########
#x a gsynth object
# type of the plot; axes limits; axes labels;
# show raw data in "counterfactual" mode # ("none","band","all")
# main: whether to show the title;
# nfactors: whose loadings to be plotted
# id: individual plot
plot.gsynth <- function(
x,
type = "gap",
xlim = NULL,
ylim = NULL,
xlab = NULL,
ylab = NULL,
legendOff = FALSE,
raw = "none",
main = NULL,
nfactors = NULL,
id = NULL,
axis.adjust = FALSE,
theme.bw = TRUE,
shade.post = FALSE,
...){
##-------------------------------##
## Checking Parameters
##-------------------------------##
outcome <- NULL
ATT <- NULL
CI.lower <- NULL
CI.upper <- NULL
co5 <- NULL
co95 <- NULL
tr5 <- NULL
tr95 <- NULL
group <- NULL
L1 <- NULL
out <- NULL
scaleFUN <- function(x) sprintf("%.f", x) ## integer value at x axis
if (class(x)!="gsynth") {
stop("Not a \"gsynth\" object.")
}
if (!type %in% c("gap","counterfactual","ct","factors","missing","loadings","raw")) {
stop("\"type\" option misspecified.")
}
if (type == "ct") {
type <- "counterfactual"
}
if (is.null(x$factor) & type == "factors") {
stop("No factors to be plotted.")
}
if (is.null(x$lambda.tr) & type == "factors") {
stop("No loadings to be plotted.")
}
if (is.null(xlim)==FALSE) {
if (is.numeric(xlim)==FALSE) {
stop("Some element in \"xlim\" is not numeric.")
} else {
if (length(xlim)!=2) {
stop("xlim must be of length 2.")
}
}
}
if (is.null(ylim)==FALSE) {
## if (type!="missing") {
if (is.numeric(ylim)==FALSE) {
stop("Some element in \"ylim\" is not numeric.")
} else {
if (length(ylim)!=2) {
stop("ylim must be of length 2.")
}
}
## } else {
## m.l <- length(ylim)
## for (i in 1:m.l) {
## if (!ylim[m.l]%in%x$id) {
## stop("Some specified units are not in the data.")
## }
## }
## }
}
if (is.null(xlab)==FALSE) {
if (is.character(xlab) == FALSE) {
stop("\"xlab\" is not a string.")
} else {
xlab <- xlab[1]
}
}
if (is.null(ylab)==FALSE) {
if (is.character(ylab) == FALSE) {
stop("\"ylab\" is not a string.")
} else {
ylab <- ylab[1]
}
}
if (is.logical(legendOff) == FALSE & is.numeric(legendOff)==FALSE) {
stop("\"legendOff\" is not a logical flag.")
}
if (type == "counterfactual") {
if (! raw %in% c("none","band","all")) {
cat("\"raw\" option misspecifed. Reset to \"none\".")
raw <- "none"
}
if (is.null(id)==FALSE) {
if (length(id)>1) {
stop("More than 1 element in \"id\".")
}
}
}
if (is.null(main)==FALSE) {
if (is.character(main) == FALSE) {
stop("\"main\" is not a string.")
} else {
main <- main[1]
}
}
if (is.null(nfactors)==FALSE) {
if (is.numeric(nfactors)==FALSE) {
stop("\"nfactors\" is not a positive integer.")
} else {
nfactors <- nfactors[1]
if (nfactors%%1!=0 | nfactors<=0) {
stop("\"nfactors\" is not a positive integer.")
}
}
}
if (axis.adjust==TRUE) {
angle <- 45
x.v <- 1
x.h <- 1
} else {
angle <- 0
x.v <- 0
if (type=="missing") {
x.h <- 0.5
} else {
x.h <- 0
}
}
##-------------------------------##
## Plotting
##-------------------------------##
I.tr <- x$I.tr
D.tr <- x$D.tr
Y.tr <- x$Y.tr
Y.co <- x$Y.co
Y.ct <- x$Y.ct
tb <- x$est.att
Yb <- x$Y.bar[,1:2] ## treated average and counterfactual average
tr <- x$tr
pre <- x$pre
post <- x$post
# I.tr <- x$I.tr
TT <- x$T
T0 <- x$T0 ## notice
p <- x$p
## m <- x$m
Ntr <- x$Ntr
Nco <- x$Nco
N <- x$N
force <- x$force
F.hat <- x$factor
L.tr <- x$lambda.tr
## time.label <- x$time
## T.b <- 1:TT
if (!is.null(L.tr)) {
r <- dim(L.tr)[2]
} else {
r <- 0
}
if (type!="missing") {
if (is.null(id)==TRUE) {
id <- x$id.tr
}
} else {
if (is.null(id)==TRUE) {
id <- colnames(x$obs.missing)
}
m.l <- length(id)
for (i in 1:m.l) {
if (!id[i]%in%colnames(x$obs.missing)) {
stop("Some specified units are not in the data.")
}
}
}
## parameters
line.width <- c(1.2,0.5)
## color of axes
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
line.color <- "#AAAAAA70"
} else {
line.color <- "white"
}
## shade in the post-treatment period
if (is.null(shade.post) == TRUE) {
if (type %in% c("raw","counterfactual")) {
shade.post <- TRUE
}
if (type %in% c("gap","factors")) {
shade.post <- FALSE
}
} else {
if (!class(shade.post) %in% c("logical","numeric")) {
stop("Wrong type for option \"shade.post\"")
}
}
## type of plots
if (type == "raw"| type == "counterfactual" |
type == "factors" | length(id) == 1 | type =="missing" |
type=="loadings") {
time <- x$time
if (!is.numeric(time[1])) {
time <- 1:TT
}
if (type!="missing") {
if (length(id) == 1) {
time.bf <- time[T0[which(id == x$id.tr)]]
} else {
time.bf <- time[unique(T0)]
}
}
## periods to show
if (length(xlim) != 0) {
## if(is.numeric(time[1])){
show <- which(time>=xlim[1]& time<=xlim[2])
## } else {
## xlim[1] <- which(x$time>=xlim[1])[1]
## xlim[2] <- which(x$time<=xlim[2])[length(which(x$time<=xlim[2]))]
## show <- which(time>=xlim[1]& time<=xlim[2])
## }
} else {
show <- 1:length(time)
}
}
if (type == "gap") { ## variable treatment timing
time <- c(1:TT) - min(T0)
time.bf <- 0 ## before treatment
if (length(xlim) != 0) {
show <- which(time>=xlim[1]& time<=xlim[2])
} else {
show <- 1:length(time)
}
}
nT <- length(show)
time.label <- x$time[show]
## if (axis.adjust==FALSE) {
## n.period <- length(show)
## } else {
## n.period <- length(show) ## min(length(show),20)
## }
## if (axis.adjust==TRUE) {
## n.period <- n.period - 1
## T.n <- (nT-1)%/%n.period
## T.res <- (nT-1)%%n.period
## T.b <- seq(from=1,to=T.n*n.period+1,by=T.n)
## if (T.res!=0) {
## T.j <- 1
## for(i in (n.period-T.res+2):(n.period+1)) {
## T.b[i] <- T.b[i] + T.j
## T.j <- T.j + 1
## }
## }
## T.b <- show[T.b]
## } else {
T.b <- 1:length(show)
## }
## legend on/off
if (legendOff == TRUE) {
legend.pos <- "none"
} else {
legend.pos <- "bottom"
}
############ START ###############
if (type == "raw") {
## axes labels
if (is.null(xlab)==TRUE) {
xlab <- x$index[2]
} else if (xlab == "") {
xlab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(ylab)==TRUE) {
ylab <- x$Yname
} else if (ylab == "") {
ylab <- NULL
}
pst <- D.tr
for (i in 1:Ntr){
pst[T0[i],i] <- 1 ## paint the period right before treatment
}
time.pst <- c(pst[show,] * time[show])
time.pst <- time.pst[which(c(pst[show,])==1)]
Y.tr.pst <- c(Y.tr[show,])[which(pst[show,]==1)]
id.tr.pst <- matrix(rep(1:Ntr,each=TT),TT,Ntr,byrow=FALSE)[show,]
id.tr.pst <- c(id.tr.pst)[which(pst[show,]==1)]
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = c(rep(time[show], N), time.pst),
"outcome" = c(c(Y.tr[show,]),
c(Y.co[show,]),
Y.tr.pst),
"type" = c(rep("tr",(Ntr*nT)),
rep("co",(Nco*nT)),
rep("tr.pst",length(Y.tr.pst))),
"id" = c(rep(1:N,each = nT), id.tr.pst*(-1)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
## labels and legend
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.h),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (x$sameT0==TRUE) {
p <- p + geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2)
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type,
group = id))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","tr.pst","co")
set.labels = c("Treated (Pre)",
"Treated (Post)",
"Controls")
if (theme.bw == FALSE) {
set.colors = c("#FC8D6280","red","#99999950")
} else {
set.colors = c("#4671D565","#06266F","#5E5E5E50")
}
set.linetypes = c("solid","solid","solid")
set.linewidth = c(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
## title
if (is.null(main) == TRUE) {
p <- p + ggtitle("Raw Data")
} else if (main!="") {
p <- p + ggtitle(main)
}
## ylim
if (is.null(ylim) == FALSE) {
p <- p + coord_cartesian(ylim = ylim)
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
} else if (type == "gap") {
if (length(id) == 1 & !(id[1] %in% x$id.tr)) { ## error
stop(paste(id,"not in the treatment group"))
} else { ## no error
## axes labels
if (is.null(xlab) == TRUE) {
if (x$sameT0 == TRUE) {
xlab <- x$index[2]
} else {
xlab <- paste("Time relative to Treatment")
}
} else if (xlab == "") {
xlab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(ylab) == TRUE) {
ylab <- "Coefficient"
} else if (ylab == "") {
ylab <- NULL
}
## title
if (length(id) == 1 && !is.null(x$est.ind)) { ## id specified
maintext <- paste(x$index[1],"=",id)
} else {
maintext <- "Estimated ATT"
}
## contruct data for plotting
if (is.null(x$est.att)==TRUE) {
cat("Uncertainty estimates not available.\n")
if (length(id) == 1) { ## id specified
data <- cbind.data.frame(time, x$eff)[show,]
colnames(data) <- c("time","ATT")
} else {
data <- cbind.data.frame(time, ATT = x$att)[show,]
}
} else {
if (length(id) == 1 && !is.null(x$est.ind)) { ## id specified
id <- which(x$id.tr == id)
tb <- x$est.ind[,,id]
time.bf <- time[T0[id]]
time <- time - time.bf
time.bf <- 0
if (!is.null(tb)) {
colnames(tb) <- c("ATT", "S.E.", "CI.lower", "CI.upper","p.value")
} else {
tb <- as.matrix(x$eff[,id])
colnames(tb) <- "ATT"
}
}
data <- cbind.data.frame(time, tb)[show,]
}
### plotting
p <- ggplot(data)
## black/white theme
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + geom_vline(xintercept = time.bf, colour=line.color,size = 2) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, colour=line.color,size = 2) +
xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## point estimates
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, ATT), size = 1.2)
## confidence intervals
if (is.null(x$est.att)==FALSE || !(is.null(x$est.ind)&length(id) == 1)) {
p <- p + geom_ribbon(aes(x = time, ymin=CI.lower, ymax=CI.upper),alpha=0.2)
}
## title
if (is.null(main) == TRUE) {
p <- p + ggtitle(maintext)
} else if (main!=""){
p <- p + ggtitle(main)
}
## ylim
if (is.null(ylim) == FALSE) {
p <- p + coord_cartesian(ylim = ylim)
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
} ## end of "gap" (in case of no id error)
} else if (type=="counterfactual") {
if (length(id) == 1|length(x$id.tr) == 1|x$sameT0==TRUE) {
if (length(id)==1 & !(id[1]%in%x$id.tr)) { ## error
cat(paste(id,"not in the treatment group"))
} else { ## one treated unit case
## axes labels
if (is.null(xlab)==TRUE) {
xlab <- x$index[2]
} else if (xlab == "") {
xlab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(ylab)==TRUE) {
ylab <- x$Yname
} else if (ylab == "") {
ylab <- NULL
}
if (length(id) == 1 | length(x$id.tr) == 1) { ## one treated unit
if (is.null(id) == TRUE) {
id <- x$id.tr
}
maintext <- paste("Treated and Counterfactual (",id,")",sep="")
tr.info <- Y.tr[,which(id==x$id.tr)]
ct.info <- Y.ct[,which(id==x$id.tr)]
if (raw == "none") {
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],2),
"outcome" = c(tr.info[show],
ct.info[show]),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("ct",nT)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","ct")
set.labels = c("Treated", "Estimated Y(0)")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash")
set.linewidth = rep(line.width[1],2)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
} else if (raw == "band") {
Y.co.90 <- t(apply(Y.co, 1, quantile, prob=c(0.05,0.95), na.rm = TRUE))
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],2),
"outcome" = c(tr.info[show],
ct.info[show]),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("ct",nT)))
data.band <- cbind.data.frame(time, Y.co.90)[show,]
colnames(data.band) <- c("time","co5","co95")
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type))
## band
p <- p + geom_ribbon(data = data.band,
aes(ymin = co5, ymax = co95, x=time),
alpha = 0.15, fill = "steelblue")
set.limits = c("tr","co.band","ct")
set.labels = c("Treated", "Controls (5-95% Quantiles)",
"Estimated Y(0)")
set.colors = c("black","#4682B480","steelblue")
set.linetypes = c("solid","solid","longdash")
set.linewidth = c(line.width[1],4,line.width[1])
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
} else if (raw == "all") { ## plot all the raw data
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],(2 + Nco)),
"outcome" = c(tr.info[show],
ct.info[show],
c(Y.co[show,])),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("ct",nT),
rep("raw.co",(Nco * nT))),
"id" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("ct",nT),
rep(c(x$id.co), each = nT)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type,
group = id))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","raw.co","ct")
set.labels = c("Treated","Controls","Estimated Y(0)")
set.colors = c("black","#4682B420","steelblue")
set.linetypes = c("solid","solid","longdash")
set.linewidth = c(line.width[1],line.width[2],line.width[1])
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=3))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
}
} else { # begin multiple treated unit case
maintext <- "Treated and Counterfactual Averages"
if (raw == "none") {
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],2),
"outcome" = c(Yb[show,1],
Yb[show,2]),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","co")
set.labels = c("Treated Average",
"Estimated Y(0) Average")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash")
set.linewidth = rep(line.width[1],2)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
} else if (raw == "band") {
Y.tr.90 <- t(apply(Y.tr, 1, quantile, prob=c(0.05,0.95),na.rm=TRUE))
Y.co.90 <- t(apply(Y.co, 1, quantile, prob=c(0.05,0.95),na.rm=TRUE))
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],2),
"outcome" = c(Yb[show,1],
Yb[show,2]),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT)))
data.band <- cbind.data.frame(time, Y.tr.90, Y.co.90)[show,]
colnames(data.band) <- c("time","tr5","tr95","co5","co95")
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf, ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type))
## band
p <- p + geom_ribbon(data = data.band,
aes(ymin = tr5, ymax = tr95, x=time),
alpha = 0.15, fill = "black") +
geom_ribbon(data = data.band,
aes(ymin = co5, ymax = co95, x=time),
alpha = 0.15, fill = "steelblue")
set.limits = c("tr","co","tr.band","co.band")
set.labels = c("Treated Average",
"Estimated Y(0) Average",
"Treated 5-95% Quantiles",
"Controls 5-95% Quantiles")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue","#77777750","#4682B480")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash","solid","solid")
set.linewidth = c(rep(line.width[1],2),4,4)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
} else if (raw == "all") { ## plot all the raw data
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],(2 + N)),
"outcome" = c(Yb[show,1],
Yb[show,2],
c(Y.tr[show,]),
c(Y.co[show,])),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT),
rep("raw.tr",(Ntr * nT)),
rep("raw.co",(Nco * nT))),
"id" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT),
rep(c(x$id.tr,x$id.co),
each = nT)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type,
group = id))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","co","raw.tr","raw.co")
set.labels = c("Treated Average",
"Estimated Y(0) Average",
"Treated Raw Data",
"Controls Raw Data")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue","#77777750","#4682B420")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash","solid","solid")
set.linewidth = rep(line.width,each=2)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
}
} # end multiple treated unit case
## title
if (is.null(main) == TRUE) {
p <- p + ggtitle(maintext)
} else if (main!="") {
p <- p + ggtitle(main)
}
## ylim
if (is.null(ylim) == FALSE) {
p <- p + coord_cartesian(ylim = ylim)
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
}
} else {
maintext <- "Treated and Counterfactual Averages"
## axes labels
if (is.null(xlab)==TRUE) {
xlab <- paste("Time relative to Treatment")
} else if (xlab == "") {
xlab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(ylab)==TRUE) {
ylab <- x$Yname
} else if (ylab == "") {
ylab <- NULL
}
xx <- ct.adjsut(x$Y.tr, x$Y.ct, x$T0)
time <- xx$timeline
Yb <- xx$Yb
Y.tr.aug <- xx$Y.tr.aug
## Y.ct.aug <- xx$Y.ct.aug
time.bf <- 0 ## before treatment
if (!is.null(xlim)) {
show <- which(time>=xlim[1]& time<=xlim[2])
} else {
show <- 1:length(time)
}
nT <- length(show)
if (raw == "none") {
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],2),
"outcome" = c(Yb[show,1],
Yb[show,2]),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","co")
set.labels = c("Treated Average",
"Estimated Y(0) Average")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash")
set.linewidth = rep(line.width[1],2)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
} else if (raw == "band") {
Y.tr.90 <- t(apply(Y.tr.aug, 1, quantile, prob=c(0.05,0.95),na.rm=TRUE))
## Y.co.90 <- t(apply(Y.co, 1, quantile, prob=c(0.05,0.95),na.rm=TRUE))
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],2),
"outcome" = c(Yb[show,1],
Yb[show,2]),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT)))
data.band <- cbind.data.frame(time, Y.tr.90)[show,]
colnames(data.band) <- c("time","tr5","tr95")
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type))
## band
p <- p + geom_ribbon(data = data.band,
aes(ymin = tr5, ymax = tr95, x=time),
alpha = 0.15, fill = "red")
set.limits = c("tr","co","tr.band")
set.labels = c("Treated Average",
"Estimated Y(0) Average",
"Treated 5-95% Quantiles")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue","#77777750")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash","solid")
set.linewidth = c(rep(line.width[1],2),4)
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
} else if (raw == "all") { ## plot all the raw data
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],(2 + Ntr)),
"outcome" = c(Yb[show,1],
Yb[show,2],
c(Y.tr.aug[show,])),
"type" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT),
rep("raw.tr",(Ntr * nT))),
"id" = c(rep("tr",nT),
rep("co",nT),
rep(c(x$id.tr),
each = nT)))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) +
geom_vline(xintercept=time.bf,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
if (shade.post == TRUE) {
p <- p + annotate("rect", xmin= time.bf, xmax= Inf,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf, alpha = .3)
}
## main
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, outcome,
colour = type,
size = type,
linetype = type,
group = id))
## legend
set.limits = c("tr","co","raw.tr")
set.labels = c("Treated Average",
"Estimated Y(0) Average",
"Treated Raw Data")
set.colors = c("black","steelblue","#77777750")
set.linetypes = c("solid","longdash","solid")
set.linewidth = c(rep(line.width[1],2),line.width[2])
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values =set.colors) +
scale_linetype_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linetypes) +
scale_size_manual(limits = set.limits,
labels = set.labels,
values = set.linewidth) +
guides(linetype = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
colour = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2),
size = guide_legend(title=NULL, ncol=2))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
} else {
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(labels=scaleFUN)
}
}
## title
if (is.null(main) == TRUE) {
p <- p + ggtitle(maintext)
} else if (main!="") {
p <- p + ggtitle(main)
}
## ylim
if (is.null(ylim) == FALSE) {
p <- p + coord_cartesian(ylim = ylim)
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
}
} else if (type=="factors") {
if (x$r.cv==0) {
cat("No factors included in the model.\n")
} else {
## axes labels
if (is.null(xlab)==TRUE) {
xlab <- x$index[2]
} else if (xlab == "") {
xlab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(ylab)==TRUE) {
ylab <- "Estimate"
} else if (ylab == "") {
ylab <- NULL
}
## title
if (is.null(main) == TRUE) {
main <- "Latent Factors"
} else if (main=="") {
main <- NULL
}
## prepare data
L.co<-x$lambda.co
norm<-sqrt(diag(t(L.co)%*%L.co)/(x$N-x$Ntr))
data <- cbind.data.frame("time" = rep(time[show],r),
"factor" = c(F.hat[show,])*rep(norm,each=nT),
"group" = as.factor(c(rep(1:r,each=nT))))
## theme
p <- ggplot(data)
if (theme.bw == TRUE) {
p <- p + theme_bw()
}
p <- p + xlab(xlab) + ylab(ylab) + ggtitle(main) +
geom_hline(yintercept=0,colour=line.color,size = 2) +
theme(legend.position = legend.pos,
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0)))
## main plot
p <- p + geom_line(aes(time, factor,
colour = group,
group = group), size = 1.2)
brew.colors <- c("black","steelblue","#8DD3C7","#FFFFB3","#BEBADA","#FB8072","#80B1D3","#FDB462","#B3DE69","#FCCDE5","#D9D9D9")
set.colors = brew.colors[1:r]
p <- p + scale_colour_manual(values =set.colors)
## legend
p <- p + guides(colour = guide_legend(title="Factor(s)", ncol=4))
if (!is.numeric(time.label)) {
p <- p +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = show[T.b], labels = time.label[T.b])
}
## ylim
if (is.null(ylim) == FALSE) {
p <- p + coord_cartesian(ylim = ylim)
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
}
} else if (type=="loadings") {
if (x$r.cv==0) {
cat("No factors are included in the model.\n")
} else {
## number of loadings to be plotted
if (is.null(nfactors)==TRUE) {
nfactors<-min(x$r.cv,4)
} else if (nfactors>x$r.cv) {
cat("Too many factors specified. ")
nfactors<-min(x$r.cv,4)
}
if (nfactors == 1) {
cat("Loadings for the first factor are shown...\n")
} else if (nfactors < x$r.cv) {
cat(paste("Loadings for the first",nfactors,"factors are shown...\n"))
}
## title
if (is.null(main) == TRUE) {
main <- "Factor Loadings"
} else if (main=="") {
main <- NULL
}
## prepare data
L.hat <- rbind(x$lambda.tr, x$lambda.co)
Lname <- Llabel <- c()
for (i in 1:r) {
Lname<-c(Lname,paste("L",i,sep=""))
Llabel<-c(Llabel,paste("Factor",i))
}
colnames(L.hat) <- Lname
rownames(L.hat) <- c()
data <- cbind.data.frame(L.hat,
"id"=c(x$id.tr, x$id.co),
"group"=as.factor(c(rep("Treated",Ntr),
rep("Control",Nco))))
if (nfactors == 1) {
p <- ggplot(data, aes(x=group, y=L1, fill = group)) +
geom_boxplot(alpha = 0.7) +
coord_flip() + guides(fill=FALSE) +
xlab("") + ylab("Factor Loading")
} else {
if (x$Ntr < 5) {
my_dens <- function(data, mapping, ...) {
ggplot(data = data, mapping = mapping) +
geom_density(..., fill = "gray", alpha = 0.7, color = "gray50")
}
p <- GGally::ggpairs(data, mapping = aes(color = group),
columns = 1:nfactors,
columnLabels = Llabel[1:nfactors],
diag = list(continuous = my_dens),
title = main)
} else {
my_dens <- function(data, mapping, ...) {
ggplot(data = data, mapping = mapping) +
geom_density(..., alpha = 0.7, color = NA)
}
p <- GGally::ggpairs(data, mapping = aes(color = group, fill = group),
columns = 1:nfactors,
columnLabels = Llabel[1:nfactors],
diag = list(continuous = my_dens),
title = main) +
theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5))
}
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
}
} else if (type=="missing") {
if (is.null(xlab)==TRUE) {
xlab <- x$index[2]
} else if (xlab == "") {
xlab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(ylab)==TRUE) {
ylab <- x$index[1]
} else if (ylab == "") {
ylab <- NULL
}
if (is.null(main)==TRUE) {
main <- "Treatment Status"
} else if (main == "") {
main <- NULL
}
m <- x$obs.missing
if (!is.null(id)) {
m <- as.matrix(m[show,which(colnames(m)%in%id)])
} else {
m <- as.matrix(m[show,])
## ylim <- colnames(m)
}
all <- unique(c(m))
col <- col2 <- breaks <- label <- NULL
if (0%in%all) {
col <- c(col,"#FFFFFF")
col2 <- c(col2, "0"=NA)
breaks <- c(breaks,0)
label <- c(label,"Missing")
}
if (1%in%all) {
col <- c(col,"#B0C4DE")
col2 <- c(col2, "1"=NA)
breaks <- c(breaks,1)
label <- c(label,"Controls")
}
if (2%in%all) {
col <- c(col,"#4671D5")
col2 <- c(col2, "2"=NA)
breaks <- c(breaks,2)
label <- c(label,"Treated (Pre)")
}
if (3%in%all) {
col <- c(col,"#06266F")
col2 <- c(col2, "3"=NA)
breaks <- c(breaks,3)
label <- c(label,"Treated (Post)")
}
if (4%in%all) {
col <- c(col,"#A9A9A9")
col2 <- c(col2, "4"="red")
breaks <- c(breaks,4)
label <- c(label,"Treated (Removed)")
}
T <- dim(m)[1]
N <- dim(m)[2]
units <- rep(rev(1:N), each = T)
period <- rep(1:T, N)
res <- c(m)
data <- cbind.data.frame(units=units, period=period, res=res)
data[,"res"] <- as.factor(data[,"res"])
N.b <- 1:N
p <- ggplot(data, aes(x = period, y = units,
fill = res), position = "identity")
p <- p + geom_tile(colour="gray90", size=0.1, stat="identity")
p <- p +
labs(x = xlab, y = ylab,
## fill = "Value",
title=main) +
theme_bw() +
scale_fill_manual(NA, breaks = breaks, values = col, labels=label)
if(4%in%all) {
p <- p + geom_point(aes(colour=res),size=0.5)
p <- p + scale_color_manual(NA, breaks=breaks,
values=col2, labels=label)
}
p <- p +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.border = element_rect(fill=NA,color="gray90", size=0.5, linetype="solid"),
axis.line = element_blank(),
axis.ticks = element_blank(),
axis.text = element_text(color="black", size=14),
axis.title=element_text(size=12),
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 8, angle = angle, hjust=x.h, vjust=x.v),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 8),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "grey90"),
legend.background = element_rect(fill = "grey90"),
legend.position = legend.pos,
legend.title=element_blank(),
plot.title = element_text(size=20,
hjust = 0.5,
face="bold",
margin = margin(10, 0, 10, 0))) +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = T.b, labels = time.label[T.b]) +
scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = N.b, labels = rev(sort(id)))
if(length(all)>=4) {
p <- p + guides(fill=guide_legend(nrow=2,byrow=TRUE))
}
suppressWarnings(print(p))
}
}
## counterfactual adjust
ct.adjsut <- function (Y.tr,
Y.ct,
T0) {
T <- dim(Y.tr)[1]
N <- dim(Y.tr)[2]
## T.end <- T - min(T0)
## T.start <-
T.m <- matrix(rep(1:T,N),T,N) - matrix(rep(T0,each=T),T,N)
timeline <- min(T.m):max(T.m)
Y.tr.aug <- matrix(NA,length(timeline),N)
Y.ct.aug <- matrix(NA,length(timeline),N)
for(i in 1:N) {
Y.tr.aug[which(timeline%in%T.m[,i]),i] <- Y.tr[,i]
Y.ct.aug[which(timeline%in%T.m[,i]),i] <- Y.ct[,i]
}
Y.tr.bar <- apply(Y.tr.aug, 1, mean, na.rm=TRUE)
Y.ct.bar <- apply(Y.ct.aug, 1, mean, na.rm=TRUE)
Yb <- cbind(Y.tr.bar,Y.ct.bar)
return(list(timeline=timeline,
Y.tr.aug=Y.tr.aug,
Y.ct.aug=Y.ct.aug,
Yb=Yb))
}
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