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#' TA (landscape level)
#'
#' @description Total area (Area and edge metric)
#'
#' @param landscape A categorical raster object: SpatRaster; Raster* Layer, Stack, Brick; stars or a list of SpatRasters.
#' @param directions The number of directions in which patches should be
#' connected: 4 (rook's case) or 8 (queen's case).
#'
#' @details
#' \deqn{CA = sum(AREA[patch_{ij}])}
#' where \eqn{AREA[patch_{ij}]} is the area of each patch in hectares.
#'
#' TA is an 'Area and edge metric'. The total (class) area sums the area of all patches
#' in the landscape. It is the area of the observation area.
#'
#' \subsection{Units}{Hectares}
#' \subsection{Range}{TA > 0}
#' \subsection{Behaviour}{Approaches TA > 0 if the landscape is small and increases,
#' without limit, as the size of the landscape increases.}
#'
#' @seealso
#' \code{\link{lsm_p_area}},
#' \code{\link{sum}}, \cr
#' \code{\link{lsm_c_ca}}
#'
#' @return tibble
#'
#' @examples
#' landscape <- terra::rast(landscapemetrics::landscape)
#' lsm_l_ta(landscape)
#'
#' @aliases lsm_l_ta
#' @rdname lsm_l_ta
#'
#' @references
#' McGarigal K., SA Cushman, and E Ene. 2023. FRAGSTATS v4: Spatial Pattern Analysis
#' Program for Categorical Maps. Computer software program produced by the authors;
#' available at the following web site: https://www.fragstats.org
#'
#' @export
lsm_l_ta <- function(landscape, directions = 8) {
landscape <- landscape_as_list(landscape)
result <- lapply(X = landscape,
FUN = lsm_l_ta_calc,
directions = directions)
layer <- rep(seq_along(result),
vapply(result, nrow, FUN.VALUE = integer(1)))
result <- do.call(rbind, result)
tibble::add_column(result, layer, .before = TRUE)
}
lsm_l_ta_calc <- function(landscape, directions, resolution = NULL) {
patch_area <- lsm_p_area_calc(landscape,
directions = directions,
resolution = resolution)
total_area <- sum(patch_area$value)
# all values NA
if (is.na(total_area)) {
return(tibble::tibble(level = "landscape",
class = as.integer(NA),
id = as.integer(NA),
metric = "ta",
value = as.double(NA)))
}
return(tibble::tibble(level = "landscape",
class = as.integer(NA),
id = as.integer(NA),
metric = "ta",
value = as.double(total_area)))
}
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