plot.mitml: Print diagnostic plots

In mitml: Tools for Multiple Imputation in Multilevel Modeling

Print diagnostic plots

Description

Generates diagnostic plots for assessing the convergence and autocorrelation behavior of pan's and jomo's MCMC algorithms.

Usage

## S3 method for class 'mitml'
plot(x, print = c("beta", "beta2", "psi", "sigma"), pos = NULL, group = "all",
  trace = c("imputation", "burnin", "all"), thin = 1, smooth = 3, n.Rhat = 3,
  export = c("none", "png", "pdf"), dev.args = list(), ...)

Arguments

x	An object of class mitml as produced by panImpute or jomoImpute.
print	A character vector containing one or several of "beta", "beta2", "psi" or "sigma" denoting which parameters should be plotted. Default is to plot all parameters.
pos	Either NULL or an integer vector denoting a specific entry in "beta", "beta2", "psi" or "sigma". Default is NULL, which plots all entries.
group	Either "all" or an integer denoting for which group the plots should be generated. Used only when groupwise imputation was used. Default is "all".
trace	One of "imputation", "burnin" or "all" denoting which part of the chain should be used for the trace plot. Default is "imputation", which plots only the iterations after burn-in.
thin	An integer denoting the thinning factor that is applied before plotting. Default is 1, which corresponds to no thinning.
smooth	A numeric value denoting the smoothing factor for the trend line in trace plots. Higher values correspond to less smoothing. Default is 3. If set to 0 or NULL, the trend line is suppressed.
n.Rhat	An integer denoting the number of segments of each chain used for calculating the potential scale reduction factor. Default is 3.
export	(optional) A character string specifying if plots should be exported to a file. If "png" or "pdf", then plots are printed into a folder named "mitmlPlots" in the current directory using either the png or the pdf device. Default is "none", which does not export files.
dev.args	(optional) A named list containing additional arguments that are passed to the graphics device.
...	Parameters passed to the plotting functions.

Details

The plot method generates a series of plots for the parameters of the imputation model which can be used for diagnostic purposes. In addition, a short summary of the parameter chain is displayed.

Setting print to "beta", "beta2", "psi" and "sigma" will plot the fixed effects, the variances and covariances of the random effects, and the variances and covariances of the residuals, respectively. In this context, "beta2" refers to the fixed effects for target variables at level 2 and is only used when a two-part model was specified in (jomoImpute). Each plotting window contains a trace plot (upper left), an autocorrelation plot (lower left), a kernel density approximation of the posterior distribution (upper right), and a posterior summary (lower right). The summary includes the following quantities:

EAP:

Expected value a posteriori (i.e., the mean of the parameter chain)

MAP:

Mode a posteriori (i.e., the mode of the parameter chain)

SD:

Standard deviation of the parameter chain

2.5%:

The 2.5% quantile of parameter values

97.5%:

The 97.5% quantile of parameter values

Rhat:

Estimated potential scale reduction factor (\hat{R})

ACF-k:

Smoothed autocorrelation at lag k, where k is the number of iterations between imputations (see summary.mitml)

The trace and smooth arguments can be used to influence how the trace plot is drawn and what part of the chain should be used for it. The thin argument can be used for thinning the chain before plotting, in which case the number of data points is reduced in the trace plot, and the autocorrelation is calculated up to lag k/thin (see above). The n.Rhat argument controls the number of segments that are used for calculating the potential scale reduction factor (\hat{R}) in each plot (see summary.mitml). Further aguments to the graphics device are supplied using the dev.args argument.

The plot function computes and displays diagnostic information primarily for the imputation phase (i.e., for iterations after burn-in). This is the default in the plot function and the recommended method for most users. If trace = "all", the full chain is displayed with emphasis on the imputation phase, and the posterior summary is calculated based on only the iterations after burn-in (as recommended). If trace = "burnin", the posterior summary and the trace plots are calculated based on only the burn-on interations, which is generally not sufficient to establish convergence and should be used with caution.

Value

None (invisible NULL).

Note

The plots are presented on-screen one at a time. To proceed with the next plot, the user may left-click in the plotting window or press the "enter" key while in the R console, depending on the operating system. No plots are displayed when exporting to file.

Author(s)

Simon Grund

See Also

panImpute, jomoImpute, summary.mitml

Examples

## Not run: 
data(studentratings)

# * Example 1: simple imputation

fml <- ReadDis + SES ~ ReadAchiev + (1|ID)
imp <- panImpute(studentratings, formula = fml, n.burn = 1000, n.iter = 100, m = 5)

# plot all parameters (default)
plot(imp)

# plot fixed effects only
plot(imp, print = "beta")

# export plots to file (using pdf device)
plot(imp, export = "pdf", dev.args = list(width = 9, height = 4, pointsize = 12))

# * Example 2: groupwise imputation

fml <- ReadDis + SES ~ ReadAchiev + (1|ID)
imp <- panImpute(studentratings, formula = fml, group = FedState, n.burn = 1000,
       n.iter = 100, m = 5)

# plot fixed effects for all groups (default for 'group')
plot(imp, print = "beta", group = "all")

# plot fixed effects for first group only
plot(imp, print = "beta", group = 1)

## End(Not run)

mitml documentation built on March 31, 2023, 7:01 p.m.