Nothing
R/element.R
In selenium: Low-Level Browser Automation Interface
#' Create a live element
#'
#' @description
#' This class represents a single element on the page. It is created using an
#' existing [SeleniumSession] instance.
#'
#' @export
WebElement <- R6::R6Class("WebElement",
public = list(
#' @field id The id of the element, used to uniquely identify it on the
#' page.
id = NULL,
#' @description
#' Initialize a `WebElement` object. This should not be called manually:
#' instead use [SeleniumSession$create_webelement()][SeleniumSession] if
#' you have an element id. To find elements on the page, use
#' [SeleniumSession$find_element()][SeleniumSession] and
#' [SeleniumSession$find_elements()][SeleniumSession].
#'
#' @param session_id The id of the session that the element belongs to.
#' @param req,verbose Private fields of a [SeleniumSession] object.
#' @param id The element id.
#'
#' @return A `WebElement` object.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
initialize = function(session_id, req, verbose, id) {
private$session_id <- session_id
private$req <- req
private$verbose <- verbose
self$id <- id
},
#' @description
#' A shadow DOM is a self-contained DOM tree, contained within another DOM
#' tree. A shadow root is an element that contains a DOM subtree. This
#' method gets the shadow root property of an element.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A [ShadowRoot] object.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' # Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
#' session$execute_script("
#' const div = document.createElement('div');
#' document.body.appendChild(div);
#' div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
#' ")
#'
#' element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")
#'
#' shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
shadow_root = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element Shadow Root", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
id <- httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value[[1]]
ShadowRoot$new(private$session_id, private$req, private$verbose, id)
},
#' @description
#' Find the first element matching a selector, relative to the current
#' element.
#'
#' @param using The type of selector to use.
#' @param value The value of the selector: a string.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A `WebElement` object.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' row <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = ".row")
#'
#' logo_container <- row$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "p")
#'
#' logo <- logo_container$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "img")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
find_element = function(using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
value,
request_body = NULL,
timeout = 20) {
using <- rlang::arg_match(using)
check_string(value)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Find Element From Element", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, list(using = using, value = value), request_body = request_body)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
id <- httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value[[1]]
WebElement$new(private$session_id, private$req, private$verbose, id)
},
#' @description
#' Find all elements matching a selector, relative to the current element.
#'
#' @param using The type of selector to use.
#' @param value The value of the selector: a string.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A list of `WebElement` objects.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' row <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = ".row")
#'
#' links <- row$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "a")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
find_elements = function(using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
value,
request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
using <- rlang::arg_match(using)
check_string(value)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Find Elements From Element", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, list(using = using, value = value), request_body = request_body)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
ids <- httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
lapply(ids, function(id) WebElement$new(private$session_id, private$req, private$verbose, id[[1]]))
},
#' @description
#' Check if an element is currently selected.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A boolean value: `TRUE` or `FALSE`.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$is_selected()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
is_selected = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Is Element Selected", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get an attribute from an element.
#'
#' @param name The name of the attribute.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The value of the attribute: a string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_attribute("href")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
get_attribute = function(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
check_string(name)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element Attribute", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id, name = name)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get a property from an element. Properties are similar to attributes,
#' but represent the HTML source code of the page, rather than the current
#' state of the DOM.
#'
#' @param name The name of the property.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The value of the property: a string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_property("href")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
get_property = function(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
check_string(name)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element Property", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id, name = name)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get the computed value of a CSS property.
#'
#' @param name The name of the CSS property.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The value of the CSS property: a string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_css_value("color")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
get_css_value = function(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
check_string(name)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element CSS Value", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id, "property name" = name)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get the text content of an element.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The text content of the element: a string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_text()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
get_text = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element Text", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get the tag name of an element.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The tag name of the element: a string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_tag_name()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
get_tag_name = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element Tag Name", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get the dimensions and coordinates of an element.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A list containing the following elements:
#'
#' * `x`: The x-coordinate of the element.
#' * `y`: The y-coordinate of the element.
#' * `width`: The width of the element in pixels.
#' * `height`: The height of the element in pixels.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_rect()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
get_rect = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element Rect", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Check if an element is currently enabled.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A boolean value: `TRUE` or `FALSE`.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$is_enabled()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
is_enabled = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Is Element Enabled", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get the computed role of an element. The role of an element is usually
#' "generic", but is often used when an elements tag name differs from its
#' purpose. For example, a link that is "button-like" in nature may have
#' a "button" role.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$computed_role()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
computed_role = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Computed Role", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get the computed label of an element (i.e. The text of the label element
#' that points to the current element).
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$computed_label()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
computed_label = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Computed Label", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Click on an element.
#'
#' @return The element, invisibly.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$click()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
click = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Element Click", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, NULL)
req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
invisible(self)
},
#' @description
#' Clear the contents of a text input element.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The element, invisibly.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.google.com")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "textarea")$clear()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
clear = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Element Clear", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, NULL)
req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
invisible(self)
},
#' @description
#' Send keys to an element.
#'
#' @param ... The keys to send (strings). Use [keys] for special keys, and
#' use [key_chord()] to send keys combinations.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The element, invisibly.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.google.com")
#'
#' input <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "textarea")
#'
#' input$send_keys("Hello")
#'
#' input$send_keys(key_chord(keys$control, "a"), key_chord(keys$control, "c"))
#'
#' input$send_keys(keys$control, "v")
#'
#' input$get_attribute("value")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
send_keys = function(..., request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
for (a in list2(...)) {
check_string(a, arg = I("Every element in `...`"))
}
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Element Send Keys", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
body <- list(
text = paste0(...)
)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, body, request_body = request_body)
req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
invisible(self)
},
#' @description
#' Take a screenshot of an element.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The base64-encoded PNG screenshot, as a string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$screenshot()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
screenshot = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Take Element Screenshot", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Check if an element is displayed. This function may not work on all
#' platforms.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A boolean.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$is_displayed()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
is_displayed = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Element Displayed", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Convert an element to JSON. This is used by
#' [SeleniumSession$execute_script()][SeleniumSession].
#'
#' @return A list, which can then be converted to JSON using
#' [jsonlite::toJSON()].
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' result <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$toJSON()
#'
#' result
#'
#' jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE)
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
toJSON = function() {
res <- list(self$id)
names(res) <- web_element_id
res
}
),
private = list(
session_id = NULL,
req = NULL,
verbose = NULL
)
)
#' Create a shadow root
#'
#' @description
#'
#' A shadow DOM is a self-contained DOM tree, contained within another DOM
#' tree. A shadow root is an element that contains a DOM subtree. This class
#' represents a shadow root object, allowing you to select elements within
#' the shadow root.
#'
#' @export
ShadowRoot <- R6::R6Class("ShadowRoot",
public = list(
#' @field id The id of the shadow root.
id = NULL,
#' @description
#' Initialize a new `ShadowRoot` object. This should not be called
#' manually: instead use [WebElement$shadow_root()][WebElement], or
#' [SeleniumSession$create_shadow_root()][SeleniumSession].
#'
#' @param session_id The id of the session.
#' @param req,verbose Private fields of a [SeleniumSession] object.
#' @param id The id of the shadow root.
#'
#' @return A `ShadowRoot` object.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' # Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
#' session$execute_script("
#' const div = document.createElement('div');
#' document.body.appendChild(div);
#' div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
#' ")
#'
#' element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")
#'
#' element$shadow_root()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
initialize = function(session_id, req, verbose, id) {
private$session_id <- session_id
private$req <- req
private$verbose <- verbose
self$id <- id
},
#' @description
#' Find an element in the shadow root.
#'
#' @param using The type of selector to use.
#' @param value The value of the selector: a string.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A [WebElement] object.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' # Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
#' session$execute_script("
#' const div = document.createElement('div');
#' document.body.appendChild(div);
#' const shadowRoot = div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
#' const span = document.createElement('span');
#' span.textContent = 'Hello';
#' shadowRoot.appendChild(span);
#' ")
#'
#' element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")
#'
#' shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()
#'
#' shadow_root$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "span")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
find_element = function(using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
value, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
using <- rlang::arg_match(using)
check_string(value)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Find Element From Shadow Root", session_id = private$session_id, shadow_id = self$id)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, list(using = using, value = value), request_body = request_body)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
id <- httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
WebElement$new(private$session_id, private$req, private$verbose, id[[1]])
},
#' @description
#' Find all elements in a shadow root matching a selector.
#'
#' @param using The type of selector to use.
#' @param value The value of the selector: a string.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A list of [WebElement] objects.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' # Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
#' session$execute_script("
#' const div = document.createElement('div');
#' document.body.appendChild(div);
#' const shadowRoot = div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
#' const span = document.createElement('span');
#' span.textContent = 'Hello';
#' shadowRoot.appendChild(span);
#' const p = document.createElement('p');
#' p.textContent = 'Me too!';
#' shadowRoot.appendChild(p);
#' ")
#'
#' element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")
#'
#' shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()
#'
#' shadow_root$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "*")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
find_elements = function(using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
value, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
using <- rlang::arg_match(using)
check_string(value)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
using <- rlang::arg_match(using)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Find Elements From Shadow Root", session_id = private$session_id, shadow_id = self$id)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, list(using = using, value = value), request_body = request_body)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
ids <- httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
lapply(ids, function(id) WebElement$new(private$session_id, private$req, private$verbose, id[[1]]))
},
#' @description
#' Convert an element to JSON. This is used by
#' [SeleniumSession$execute_script()][SeleniumSession].
#'
#' @return A list, which can then be converted to JSON using
#' [jsonlite::toJSON()].
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' # Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
#' session$execute_script("
#' const div = document.createElement('div');
#' document.body.appendChild(div);
#' div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
#' ")
#'
#' element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")
#'
#' shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()
#'
#' result <- shadow_root$toJSON()
#'
#' result
#'
#' jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE)
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
toJSON = function() {
res <- list(self$id)
names(res) <- shadow_element_id
res
}
),
private = list(
session_id = NULL,
req = NULL,
verbose = NULL
)
)
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#' Create a live element
#'
#' @description
#' This class represents a single element on the page. It is created using an
#' existing [SeleniumSession] instance.
#'
#' @export
WebElement <- R6::R6Class("WebElement",
public = list(
#' @field id The id of the element, used to uniquely identify it on the
#' page.
id = NULL,
#' @description
#' Initialize a `WebElement` object. This should not be called manually:
#' instead use [SeleniumSession$create_webelement()][SeleniumSession] if
#' you have an element id. To find elements on the page, use
#' [SeleniumSession$find_element()][SeleniumSession] and
#' [SeleniumSession$find_elements()][SeleniumSession].
#'
#' @param session_id The id of the session that the element belongs to.
#' @param req,verbose Private fields of a [SeleniumSession] object.
#' @param id The element id.
#'
#' @return A `WebElement` object.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
initialize = function(session_id, req, verbose, id) {
private$session_id <- session_id
private$req <- req
private$verbose <- verbose
self$id <- id
},
#' @description
#' A shadow DOM is a self-contained DOM tree, contained within another DOM
#' tree. A shadow root is an element that contains a DOM subtree. This
#' method gets the shadow root property of an element.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A [ShadowRoot] object.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' # Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
#' session$execute_script("
#' const div = document.createElement('div');
#' document.body.appendChild(div);
#' div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
#' ")
#'
#' element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")
#'
#' shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
shadow_root = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element Shadow Root", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
id <- httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value[[1]]
ShadowRoot$new(private$session_id, private$req, private$verbose, id)
},
#' @description
#' Find the first element matching a selector, relative to the current
#' element.
#'
#' @param using The type of selector to use.
#' @param value The value of the selector: a string.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A `WebElement` object.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' row <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = ".row")
#'
#' logo_container <- row$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "p")
#'
#' logo <- logo_container$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "img")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
find_element = function(using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
value,
request_body = NULL,
timeout = 20) {
using <- rlang::arg_match(using)
check_string(value)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Find Element From Element", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, list(using = using, value = value), request_body = request_body)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
id <- httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value[[1]]
WebElement$new(private$session_id, private$req, private$verbose, id)
},
#' @description
#' Find all elements matching a selector, relative to the current element.
#'
#' @param using The type of selector to use.
#' @param value The value of the selector: a string.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A list of `WebElement` objects.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' row <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = ".row")
#'
#' links <- row$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "a")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
find_elements = function(using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
value,
request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
using <- rlang::arg_match(using)
check_string(value)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Find Elements From Element", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, list(using = using, value = value), request_body = request_body)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
ids <- httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
lapply(ids, function(id) WebElement$new(private$session_id, private$req, private$verbose, id[[1]]))
},
#' @description
#' Check if an element is currently selected.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A boolean value: `TRUE` or `FALSE`.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$is_selected()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
is_selected = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Is Element Selected", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get an attribute from an element.
#'
#' @param name The name of the attribute.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The value of the attribute: a string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_attribute("href")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
get_attribute = function(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
check_string(name)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element Attribute", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id, name = name)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get a property from an element. Properties are similar to attributes,
#' but represent the HTML source code of the page, rather than the current
#' state of the DOM.
#'
#' @param name The name of the property.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The value of the property: a string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_property("href")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
get_property = function(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
check_string(name)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element Property", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id, name = name)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get the computed value of a CSS property.
#'
#' @param name The name of the CSS property.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The value of the CSS property: a string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_css_value("color")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
get_css_value = function(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
check_string(name)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element CSS Value", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id, "property name" = name)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get the text content of an element.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The text content of the element: a string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_text()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
get_text = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element Text", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get the tag name of an element.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The tag name of the element: a string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_tag_name()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
get_tag_name = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element Tag Name", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get the dimensions and coordinates of an element.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A list containing the following elements:
#'
#' * `x`: The x-coordinate of the element.
#' * `y`: The y-coordinate of the element.
#' * `width`: The width of the element in pixels.
#' * `height`: The height of the element in pixels.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_rect()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
get_rect = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Element Rect", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Check if an element is currently enabled.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A boolean value: `TRUE` or `FALSE`.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$is_enabled()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
is_enabled = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Is Element Enabled", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get the computed role of an element. The role of an element is usually
#' "generic", but is often used when an elements tag name differs from its
#' purpose. For example, a link that is "button-like" in nature may have
#' a "button" role.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$computed_role()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
computed_role = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Computed Role", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Get the computed label of an element (i.e. The text of the label element
#' that points to the current element).
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$computed_label()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
computed_label = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Get Computed Label", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Click on an element.
#'
#' @return The element, invisibly.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$click()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
click = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Element Click", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, NULL)
req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
invisible(self)
},
#' @description
#' Clear the contents of a text input element.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The element, invisibly.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.google.com")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "textarea")$clear()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
clear = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Element Clear", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, NULL)
req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
invisible(self)
},
#' @description
#' Send keys to an element.
#'
#' @param ... The keys to send (strings). Use [keys] for special keys, and
#' use [key_chord()] to send keys combinations.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The element, invisibly.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.google.com")
#'
#' input <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "textarea")
#'
#' input$send_keys("Hello")
#'
#' input$send_keys(key_chord(keys$control, "a"), key_chord(keys$control, "c"))
#'
#' input$send_keys(keys$control, "v")
#'
#' input$get_attribute("value")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
send_keys = function(..., request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
for (a in list2(...)) {
check_string(a, arg = I("Every element in `...`"))
}
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Element Send Keys", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
body <- list(
text = paste0(...)
)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, body, request_body = request_body)
req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
invisible(self)
},
#' @description
#' Take a screenshot of an element.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return The base64-encoded PNG screenshot, as a string.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$screenshot()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
screenshot = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Take Element Screenshot", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Check if an element is displayed. This function may not work on all
#' platforms.
#'
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A boolean.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$is_displayed()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
is_displayed = function(timeout = 20) {
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Element Displayed", session_id = private$session_id, element_id = self$id)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
},
#' @description
#' Convert an element to JSON. This is used by
#' [SeleniumSession$execute_script()][SeleniumSession].
#'
#' @return A list, which can then be converted to JSON using
#' [jsonlite::toJSON()].
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")
#'
#' result <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$toJSON()
#'
#' result
#'
#' jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE)
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
toJSON = function() {
res <- list(self$id)
names(res) <- web_element_id
res
}
),
private = list(
session_id = NULL,
req = NULL,
verbose = NULL
)
)
#' Create a shadow root
#'
#' @description
#'
#' A shadow DOM is a self-contained DOM tree, contained within another DOM
#' tree. A shadow root is an element that contains a DOM subtree. This class
#' represents a shadow root object, allowing you to select elements within
#' the shadow root.
#'
#' @export
ShadowRoot <- R6::R6Class("ShadowRoot",
public = list(
#' @field id The id of the shadow root.
id = NULL,
#' @description
#' Initialize a new `ShadowRoot` object. This should not be called
#' manually: instead use [WebElement$shadow_root()][WebElement], or
#' [SeleniumSession$create_shadow_root()][SeleniumSession].
#'
#' @param session_id The id of the session.
#' @param req,verbose Private fields of a [SeleniumSession] object.
#' @param id The id of the shadow root.
#'
#' @return A `ShadowRoot` object.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' # Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
#' session$execute_script("
#' const div = document.createElement('div');
#' document.body.appendChild(div);
#' div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
#' ")
#'
#' element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")
#'
#' element$shadow_root()
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
initialize = function(session_id, req, verbose, id) {
private$session_id <- session_id
private$req <- req
private$verbose <- verbose
self$id <- id
},
#' @description
#' Find an element in the shadow root.
#'
#' @param using The type of selector to use.
#' @param value The value of the selector: a string.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A [WebElement] object.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' # Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
#' session$execute_script("
#' const div = document.createElement('div');
#' document.body.appendChild(div);
#' const shadowRoot = div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
#' const span = document.createElement('span');
#' span.textContent = 'Hello';
#' shadowRoot.appendChild(span);
#' ")
#'
#' element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")
#'
#' shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()
#'
#' shadow_root$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "span")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
find_element = function(using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
value, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
using <- rlang::arg_match(using)
check_string(value)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Find Element From Shadow Root", session_id = private$session_id, shadow_id = self$id)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, list(using = using, value = value), request_body = request_body)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
id <- httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
WebElement$new(private$session_id, private$req, private$verbose, id[[1]])
},
#' @description
#' Find all elements in a shadow root matching a selector.
#'
#' @param using The type of selector to use.
#' @param value The value of the selector: a string.
#' @param request_body A list of request body parameters to pass to the
#' Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request
#' @param timeout How long to wait for a request to recieve a response
#' before throwing an error.
#'
#' @return A list of [WebElement] objects.
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' # Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
#' session$execute_script("
#' const div = document.createElement('div');
#' document.body.appendChild(div);
#' const shadowRoot = div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
#' const span = document.createElement('span');
#' span.textContent = 'Hello';
#' shadowRoot.appendChild(span);
#' const p = document.createElement('p');
#' p.textContent = 'Me too!';
#' shadowRoot.appendChild(p);
#' ")
#'
#' element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")
#'
#' shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()
#'
#' shadow_root$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "*")
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
find_elements = function(using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
value, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20) {
using <- rlang::arg_match(using)
check_string(value)
check_list(request_body, allow_null = TRUE)
check_number_decimal(timeout, allow_null = TRUE)
using <- rlang::arg_match(using)
req <- req_command(private$req, "Find Elements From Shadow Root", session_id = private$session_id, shadow_id = self$id)
req <- req_body_selenium(req, list(using = using, value = value), request_body = request_body)
response <- req_perform_selenium(req, verbose = private$verbose, timeout = timeout)
ids <- httr2::resp_body_json(response)$value
lapply(ids, function(id) WebElement$new(private$session_id, private$req, private$verbose, id[[1]]))
},
#' @description
#' Convert an element to JSON. This is used by
#' [SeleniumSession$execute_script()][SeleniumSession].
#'
#' @return A list, which can then be converted to JSON using
#' [jsonlite::toJSON()].
#'
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#' session <- SeleniumSession$new()
#'
#' # Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
#' session$execute_script("
#' const div = document.createElement('div');
#' document.body.appendChild(div);
#' div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
#' ")
#'
#' element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")
#'
#' shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()
#'
#' result <- shadow_root$toJSON()
#'
#' result
#'
#' jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE)
#'
#' session$close()
#' }
toJSON = function() {
res <- list(self$id)
names(res) <- shadow_element_id
res
}
),
private = list(
session_id = NULL,
req = NULL,
verbose = NULL
)
)
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