knitr::opts_chunk$set(collapse = TRUE,comment = "#",fig.width = 5, fig.height = 3,fig.align = "center", fig.cap = " ",dpi = 120)
This vignette demonstrates the use of the diagnostic plot for assessing consistency of the summary statistics and the reference LD matrix.
The susie_rss
assumes the LD matrix accurately estimate the
correlations among SNPs from the original GWAS genotype
data. Typically, the LD matrix comes from some public database of
genotypes in a suitable reference population. The inaccurate LD
information leads to unreliable fine-mapping result.
The diagnostic for consistency between summary statistics and refenrence LD matrix is based on the RSS model under the null with regularized LD matrix. $$ \hat{z} | R, \lambda \sim N(0, (1-\lambda)R + \lambda I), 0<\lambda<1 $$ The parameter $\lambda$ is estimated by maximum likelihood. A larger $\lambda$ means a greater inconsistency between summary statistics and the LD matrix. The expected z score is computed for each SNP, $E(\hat{z}j | \hat{z}{-j})$, and plotted against the observed z scores.
library(susieR) library(curl)
We demonstrate the diagnostic plot in a simple case, the LD matrix is estimated from the original genotype data. In this case, we expect the diagnostic plot to confirm that the LD matrix is consistent with the z scores.
We use the same simulated data as in fine mapping vignette.
data("N3finemapping") n = nrow(N3finemapping$X) b = N3finemapping$true_coef[,1] sumstats <- univariate_regression(N3finemapping$X, N3finemapping$Y[,1]) z_scores <- sumstats$betahat / sumstats$sebetahat Rin = cor(N3finemapping$X) attr(Rin, "eigen") = eigen(Rin, symmetric = TRUE) susie_plot(z_scores, y = "z", b=b)
The estimated $\lambda$ is
lambda = estimate_s_rss(z_scores, Rin, n=n) lambda
The plot for the observed z scores vs the expected z scores is
condz_in = kriging_rss(z_scores, Rin, n=n) condz_in$plot
Summary of SuSiE Credible Sets:
fit <- susie_rss(z_scores, Rin, n=n, estimate_residual_variance = TRUE) susie_plot(fit,y = "PIP", b=b)
We use another simulated data where the LD matrix is estimated from a reference panel. In this example data set, there is one association signal in the simulated data (red point), and there is one SNP with mismatched reference and alternative allele between summary statistics and the reference panel (yellow point).
Note: In some versions of PLINK, these mismatches can
occur when PLINK automatically flips the alleles to make the minor
allele be the effect
allele, leading to
different allele encodings in the z scores and LD matrix. Adding the
flag --keep-allele-order
will disable this behaviour in PLINK.
data_file <- tempfile(fileext = ".RData") data_url <- paste0("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stephenslab/susieR/", "master/inst/datafiles/SummaryConsistency1k.RData") curl_download(data_url,data_file) load(data_file) zflip = SummaryConsistency$z ld = SummaryConsistency$ldref n=10000 b = numeric(length(zflip)) b[SummaryConsistency$signal_id] = zflip[SummaryConsistency$signal_id] plot(zflip, pch = 16, col = "#767676", main = "Marginal Associations", xlab="SNP", ylab = "z scores") points(SummaryConsistency$signal_id, zflip[SummaryConsistency$signal_id], col=2, pch=16) points(SummaryConsistency$flip_id, zflip[SummaryConsistency$flip_id], col=7, pch=16)
Using the data with misaligned allele, SuSiE-RSS identifies a true positive CS containing the true effect SNP; and a false positive CS that incorrectly contains the mismatched SNP.
fit = susie_rss(zflip, ld, n=n) susie_plot(fit, y='PIP', b=b) points(SummaryConsistency$flip_id, fit$pip[SummaryConsistency$flip_id], col=7, pch=16)
The estimated $\lambda$ is
lambda = estimate_s_rss(zflip, ld, n=n) lambda
In the diagnostic plot, the mismatched SNP shows the largest difference between observed and expected z-scores, and therefore appears furthest away from the diagonal.
condz = kriging_rss(zflip, ld, n=n) condz$plot
After fixing the allele encoding, SuSiE-RSS identifies a single true positive CS containing the true-effect SNP, and the formerly mismatched SNP is (correctly) not included in a CS.
z = zflip z[SummaryConsistency$flip_id] = -z[SummaryConsistency$flip_id] fit = susie_rss(z, ld, n=n) susie_plot(fit, y='PIP', b=b)
Here are some details about the computing environment, including the versions of R, and the R packages, used to generate these results.
sessionInfo()
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