#' Stepwise AIC forward regression
#'
#' @description
#' Build regression model from a set of candidate predictor variables by
#' entering predictors based on akaike information criterion, in a stepwise
#' manner until there is no variable left to enter any more.
#'
#' @param model An object of class \code{lm}.
#' @param details Logical; if \code{TRUE}, will print the regression result at
#' each step.
#' @param x An object of class \code{ols_step_forward_aic}.
#' @param ... Other arguments.
#' @return \code{ols_step_forward_aic} returns an object of class \code{"ols_step_forward_aic"}.
#' An object of class \code{"ols_step_forward_aic"} is a list containing the
#' following components:
#'
#' \item{model}{model with the least AIC; an object of class \code{lm}}
#' \item{steps}{total number of steps}
#' \item{predictors}{variables added to the model}
#' \item{aics}{akaike information criteria}
#' \item{ess}{error sum of squares}
#' \item{rss}{regression sum of squares}
#' \item{rsq}{rsquare}
#' \item{arsq}{adjusted rsquare}
#'
#' @references
#' Venables, W. N. and Ripley, B. D. (2002) Modern Applied Statistics with S. Fourth edition. Springer.
#'
#' @section Deprecated Function:
#' \code{ols_stepaic_forward()} has been deprecated. Instead use \code{ols_step_forward_aic()}.
#'
#' @examples
#' # stepwise forward regression
#' model <- lm(y ~ ., data = surgical)
#' ols_step_forward_aic(model)
#'
#' # stepwise forward regression plot
#' model <- lm(y ~ ., data = surgical)
#' k <- ols_step_forward_aic(model)
#' plot(k)
#'
#' # final model
#' k$model
#'
#' @importFrom dplyr desc
#'
#' @family variable selection procedures
#'
#' @export
#'
ols_step_forward_aic <- function(model, ...) UseMethod("ols_step_forward_aic")
#' @export
#' @rdname ols_step_forward_aic
#'
ols_step_forward_aic.default <- function(model, details = FALSE, ...) {
check_model(model)
check_logic(details)
check_npredictors(model, 3)
response <-
model %>%
use_series(model) %>%
names() %>%
extract(1)
l <- mod_sel_data(model)
nam <- coeff_names(model)
all_pred <- nam
mlen_p <- length(all_pred)
preds <- c()
step <- 1
aics <- c()
ess <- c()
rss <- c()
rsq <- c()
arsq <- c()
mo <- lm(paste(response, "~", 1), data = l)
aic1 <- ols_aic(mo)
cat(format("Forward Selection Method", justify = "left", width = 24), "\n")
cat(rep("-", 24), sep = "", "\n\n")
cat(format("Candidate Terms:", justify = "left", width = 16), "\n\n")
for (i in seq_len(length(nam))) {
cat(paste(i, ".", nam[i]), "\n")
}
cat("\n")
if (details == TRUE) {
cat(" Step 0: AIC =", aic1, "\n", paste(response, "~", 1, "\n\n"))
}
for (i in seq_len(mlen_p)) {
predictors <- all_pred[i]
k <- ols_regress(paste(response, "~", paste(predictors, collapse = " + ")), data = l)
aics[i] <- ols_aic(k$model)
ess[i] <- k$ess
rss[i] <- k$rss
rsq[i] <- k$rsq
arsq[i] <- k$adjr
}
da <- data.frame(predictors = all_pred, aics = aics, ess = ess, rss = rss, rsq = rsq, arsq = arsq)
da2 <- arrange(da, desc(rss))
if (details == TRUE) {
w1 <- max(nchar("Predictor"), nchar(all_pred))
w2 <- 2
w3 <- max(nchar("AIC"), nchar(format(round(aics, 3), nsmall = 3)))
w4 <- max(nchar("Sum Sq"), nchar(format(round(rss, 3), nsmall = 3)))
w5 <- max(nchar("RSS"), nchar(format(round(ess, 3), nsmall = 3)))
w6 <- max(nchar("R-Sq"), nchar(format(round(rsq, 3), nsmall = 3)))
w7 <- max(nchar("Adj. R-Sq"), nchar(format(round(arsq, 3), nsmall = 3)))
w <- sum(w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6, w7, 24)
ln <- length(aics)
cat(rep("-", w), sep = "", "\n")
cat(
fl("Variable", w1), fs(), fc("DF", w2), fs(), fc("AIC", w3), fs(),
fc("Sum Sq", w4), fs(), fc("RSS", w5), fs(), fc("R-Sq", w6), fs(),
fc("Adj. R-Sq", w7), "\n"
)
cat(rep("-", w), sep = "", "\n")
for (i in seq_len(ln)) {
cat(
fl(da2[i, 1], w1), fs(), fg(1, w2), fs(), fg(format(round(da2[i, 2], 3), nsmall = 3), w3), fs(),
fg(format(round(da2[i, 4], 3), nsmall = 3), w4), fs(), fg(format(round(da2[i, 3], 3), nsmall = 3), w5), fs(),
fg(format(round(da2[i, 5], 3), nsmall = 3), w6), fs(),
fg(format(round(da2[i, 6], 3), nsmall = 3), w7), "\n"
)
}
cat(rep("-", w), sep = "", "\n\n")
}
minc <- which(aics == min(aics))
laic <- aics[minc]
less <- ess[minc]
lrss <- rss[minc]
lrsq <- rsq[minc]
larsq <- arsq[minc]
preds <- all_pred[minc]
lpreds <- length(preds)
all_pred <- all_pred[-minc]
len_p <- length(all_pred)
step <- 1
cat("\n")
if (!details) {
cat("Variables Entered:", "\n\n")
}
if (interactive()) {
cat(crayon::green(clisymbols::symbol$tick), crayon::bold(dplyr::last(preds)), "\n")
} else {
cat(paste("-", dplyr::last(preds)), "\n")
}
while (step < mlen_p) {
aics <- c()
ess <- c()
rss <- c()
rsst <- c()
rsq <- c()
arsq <- c()
mo <- ols_regress(paste(response, "~",
paste(preds, collapse = " + ")), data = l)
aic1 <- ols_aic(mo$model)
if (details == TRUE) {
cat("\n\n", "Step", step, ": AIC =", aic1, "\n", paste(response, "~", paste(preds, collapse = " + "), "\n\n"))
}
for (i in seq_len(len_p)) {
predictors <- c(preds, all_pred[i])
k <- ols_regress(paste(response, "~",
paste(predictors, collapse = " + ")), data = l)
aics[i] <- ols_aic(k$model)
ess[i] <- k$ess
rsst[i] <- k$rss
rss[i] <- round(k$rss - mo$rss, 3)
rsq[i] <- k$rsq
arsq[i] <- k$adjr
}
if (details == TRUE) {
da <- data.frame(predictors = all_pred, aics = aics, ess = ess, rss = rss, rsq = rsq, arsq = arsq)
da2 <- arrange(da, desc(rss))
w1 <- max(nchar("Predictor"), nchar(as.character(da2$predictors)))
w2 <- 2
w3 <- max(nchar("AIC"), nchar(format(round(aics, 3), nsmall = 3)))
w4 <- max(nchar("Sum Sq"), nchar(format(round(rss, 3), nsmall = 3)))
w5 <- max(nchar("RSS"), nchar(format(round(ess, 3), nsmall = 3)))
w6 <- max(nchar("R-Sq"), nchar(format(round(rsq, 3), nsmall = 3)))
w7 <- max(nchar("Adj. R-Sq"), nchar(format(round(arsq, 3), nsmall = 3)))
w <- sum(w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6, w7, 24)
ln <- length(aics)
cat(rep("-", w), sep = "", "\n")
cat(
fl("Variable", w1), fs(), fc("DF", w2), fs(), fc("AIC", w3), fs(),
fc("Sum Sq", w4), fs(), fc("RSS", w5), fs(), fc("R-Sq", w6), fs(),
fc("Adj. R-Sq", w7), "\n"
)
cat(rep("-", w), sep = "", "\n")
for (i in seq_len(ln)) {
cat(
fl(da2[i, 1], w1), fs(), fg(1, w2), fs(), fg(format(round(da2[i, 2], 3), nsmall = 3), w3), fs(),
fg(format(round(da2[i, 4], 3), nsmall = 3), w4), fs(), fg(format(round(da2[i, 3], 3), nsmall = 3), w5), fs(),
fg(format(round(da2[i, 5], 3), nsmall = 3), w6), fs(),
fg(format(round(da2[i, 6], 3), nsmall = 3), w7), "\n"
)
}
cat(rep("-", w), sep = "", "\n\n")
}
minaic <- which(aics == min(aics))
if (aics[minaic] < laic[lpreds]) {
preds <- c(preds, all_pred[minaic])
minc <- aics[minaic]
mess <- ess[minaic]
mrss <- round(rsst[minaic], 3)
mrsq <- rsq[minaic]
marsq <- arsq[minaic]
laic <- c(laic, minc)
less <- c(less, mess)
lrss <- c(lrss, mrss)
lrsq <- c(lrsq, mrsq)
larsq <- c(larsq, marsq)
lpreds <- length(preds)
all_pred <- all_pred[-minaic]
len_p <- length(all_pred)
step <- step + 1
if (interactive()) {
cat(crayon::green(clisymbols::symbol$tick), crayon::bold(dplyr::last(preds)), "\n")
} else {
cat(paste("-", dplyr::last(preds)), "\n")
}
} else {
cat("\n")
cat(crayon::bold$red("No more variables to be added."))
break
}
}
if (details == TRUE) {
cat("\n\n")
cat("Variables Entered:", "\n\n")
for (i in seq_len(length(preds))) {
if (interactive()) {
cat(crayon::green(clisymbols::symbol$tick), crayon::bold(preds[i]), "\n")
} else {
cat(paste("-", preds[i]), "\n")
}
}
cat("\n\n")
cat("Final Model Output", "\n")
cat(rep("-", 18), sep = "", "\n\n")
fi <- ols_regress(paste(response, "~", paste(preds, collapse = " + ")), data = l)
print(fi)
}
final_model <- lm(paste(response, "~", paste(preds, collapse = " + ")), data = l)
out <- list(predictors = preds,
steps = step,
arsq = larsq,
aics = laic,
ess = less,
rss = lrss,
rsq = lrsq,
model = final_model)
class(out) <- "ols_step_forward_aic"
return(out)
}
#' @export
#'
print.ols_step_forward_aic <- function(x, ...) {
if (x$steps > 0) {
print_stepaic_forward(x)
} else {
print("No variables have been added to the model.")
}
}
#' @rdname ols_step_forward_aic
#' @export
#'
plot.ols_step_forward_aic <- function(x, ...) {
aic <- NULL
tx <- NULL
a <- NULL
b <- NULL
y <- seq_len(x$steps)
xloc <- y - 0.1
yloc <- x$aics - 0.2
xmin <- min(y) - 1
xmax <- max(y) + 1
ymin <-
x %>%
use_series(aic) %>%
min() %>%
subtract(1)
ymax <-
x %>%
use_series(aic) %>%
max() %>%
add(1)
predictors <- x$predictors
d2 <- tibble(x = xloc, y = yloc, tx = predictors)
d <- tibble(a = y, b = x$aics)
p <- ggplot(d, aes(x = a, y = b)) + geom_line(color = "blue") +
geom_point(color = "blue", shape = 1, size = 2) + xlim(c(xmin, xmax)) +
ylim(c(ymin, ymax)) + xlab("Step") + ylab("AIC") +
ggtitle("Stepwise AIC Forward Selection") +
geom_text(data = d2, aes(x = x, y = y, label = tx), hjust = 0, nudge_x = 0.1)
print(p)
}
#' @export
#' @rdname ols_step_forward_aic
#' @usage NULL
#'
ols_stepaic_forward <- function(model, ...) {
.Deprecated("ols_step_forward_aic()")
}
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