R/m325traceline.R
In omega1x/pipenostics: Diagnostics, Reliability and Predictive Maintenance of Pipeline Systems
Defines functions
m325traceline
Documented in
m325traceline
#' @title
#' Minenergo-325. Trace thermal-hydraulic regime for linear segment of district
#' heating network
#'
#' @family Regime tracing
#'
#' @description
#' Trace values of thermal-hydraulic regime (temperature, pressure,
#' flow_rate, and other) along the adjacent linear segments of pipeline using
#' norms of heat loss values prescribed by
#' \href{https://docs.cntd.ru/document/902148459}{Minenergo Order 325}.
#'
#' @details
#' The calculated (values of) regime may be considered as representation of
#' district heating process in conditions of hypothetically perfect
#' technical state of pipe walls and insulation.
#'
#' They consider only simple tracing paths which do not contain rings and any
#' kind of parallelization. At the same time bidirectional (forward and
#' backward) tracing is possible in accordance with sensor position. They also
#' may consider discharges to network at the inlet of each pipeline segment
#' as an approximation of actual forks of flows. Relevant illustration of
#' adopted assumptions for 4-segment tracing path is depicted on the next
#' figure.
#'
#' \figure{m325regtrace.png}
#'
#' They make additional check for consistency of \code{inlet} and \code{outlet}
#' values for subsequent pipe segments. Discrepancy of appropriate elevations
#' cannot be more than \code{elev_tol}.
#'
#' Since inner diameter of the pipe is used as input, the the thickness of the
#' pipe wall additionally considered in heat flux calculations. Pipe wall thickness
#' is derived from pipe diameter using
#' \href{https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200174717}{GOST 30732} specifications.
#'
#' @param temperature
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Sensor-measured temperature of heat
#' carrier (water)
#' inside the pipe sensor-measured at the inlet
#' (forward tracing) or at the outlet (backward tracing) of path, [\emph{°C}].
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_number}}.
#'
#' @param pressure
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Sensor-measured
#' \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_measurement#Absolute}{absolute
#' pressure} of heat carrier (water) sensor-measured at the inlet
#' (forward tracing) or at the outlet (backward tracing) of path, [\emph{MPa}].
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_number}}.
#'
#' @param flow_rate
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Amount of heat carrier (water)
#' sensor-measured at the inlet (forward tracing) or at the outlet (backward
#' tracing) of path, [\emph{ton/hour}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_number}}.
#'
#' @param g
#' amount of heat carrier discharge to network for each pipe segment in the
#' tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow. If flag \code{absg}
#' is \code{TRUE} then they treat argument \code{g} as absolute value in
#' [\emph{ton/hour}], otherwise they do as percentage of flow_rate in the
#' pipe segment.
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#'
#' @param d
#' internal diameters of subsequent pipes in tracing path that are enumerated
#' along the direction of flow, [\emph{mm}].
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#'
#' @param len
#' length of subsequent pipes in tracing path that are enumerated
#' along the direction of flow, [\emph{m}].
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#'
#' @param year
#' year when pipe is put in operation after laying or total overhaul for
#' each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow.
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_integerish}}.
#'
#' @param insulation
#' insulation that covers the exterior of pipe:
#' \describe{
#' \item{\code{0}}{no insulation}
#' \item{\code{1}}{foamed polyurethane or analogue}
#' \item{\code{2}}{polymer concrete}
#' }
#' for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow.
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_numeric}} and \code{\link{assert_subset}}.
#'
#' @param laying
#' type of pipe laying depicting the position of pipe in space:
#' \itemize{
#' \item \code{air}
#' \item \code{channel}
#' \item \code{room}
#' \item \code{tunnel}
#' \item \code{underground}
#' }
#' for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow.
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_character}} and \code{\link{assert_subset}}.
#'
#' @param beta
#' logical indicator: should they consider additional heat loss of fittings?
#' Logical value for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the direction
#' of flow. Type: \code{\link{assert_logical}}.
#'
#' @param exp5k
#' logical indicator for regime of pipe: is pipe operated more that
#' \code{5000} hours per year? Logical value for each pipe in tracing path
#' enumerated along the direction of flow.
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_logical}}.
#'
#' @param roughness
#' roughness of internal wall for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along
#' the direction of flow, [\emph{m}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#'
#' @param inlet
#' elevation of pipe inlet for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along
#' the direction of flow, [\emph{m}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#'
#' @param outlet
#' elevation of pipe outlet for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along
#' the direction of flow, [\emph{m}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#'
#' @param method
#' method of determining \emph{Darcy friction factor}
#' \itemize{
#' \item \code{romeo}
#' \item \code{vatankhan}
#' \item \code{buzelli}
#' }
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_choice}}. For more details see \code{\link{dropp}}.
#'
#' @param elev_tol
#' maximum allowed discrepancy between adjacent outlet and inlet elevations of
#' two subsequent pipes in the traced path, [\emph{m}].
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_number}}.
#'
#' @param forward
#' tracing direction flag: is it a forward direction of tracing?
#' If \code{FALSE} the backward tracing is performed.
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_flag}}.
#'
#' @param absg
#' Whether argument \code{g} (amount of heat carrier discharge to network) is an
#' absolute value in [\emph{ton/hour}] (\code{TRUE}) or is it a percentage of
#' flow rate in the pipe segment (\code{FALSE})?
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_flag}}.
#'
#' @return
#' \code{\link{list}} containing results (detailed log) of tracing for each pipe
#' in tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow:
#' \describe{
#' \item{\code{temperature}}{
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Traced temperature of heat
#' carrier (water), [\emph{°C}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#' }
#' \item{\code{pressure}}{
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Traced pressure of heat
#' carrier (water) for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the
#' direction of flow, [\emph{MPa}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#' }
#' \item{\code{flow_rate}}{
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Traced flow rate of heat
#' carrier (water) for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the
#' direction of flow, [\emph{ton/hour}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#' }
#' \item{\code{loss}}{
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Normative specific heat
#' loss power for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the direction
#' of flow, [\emph{kcal/m/h}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#' }
#' \item{\code{flux}}{
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Normative heat flux for each pipe
#' in tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow, [\emph{W/m^2}].
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#' }
#' \item{\code{Q}}{
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Normative heat loss for each
#' pipe in tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow per day,
#' [\emph{kcal}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#' }
#' }
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_list}}.
#'
#' @examples
#' library(pipenostics)
#'
#' # Consider 4-segment tracing path depicted in ?m325regtrace help page.
#' # First, let sensor readings for forward tracing:
#' t_fw <- 130 # [°C]
#' p_fw <- mpa_kgf(6)*all.equal(.588399, mpa_kgf(6)) # [MPa]
#' g_fw <- 250 # [ton/hour]
#'
#' # Let discharges to network for each pipeline segment are somehow determined as
#' discharges <- seq(0, 30, 10) # [ton/hour]
#'
#' # Then the calculated regime (red squares) for forward tracing is
#' regime_fw <- m325traceline(t_fw, p_fw, g_fw, discharges, forward = TRUE)
#' print(regime_fw)
#'
#' # $temperature
#' # [1] 129.1799 128.4269 127.9628 127.3367
#' #
#' # $pressure
#' # [1] 0.5878607 0.5874226 0.5872143 0.5870330
#' #
#' # $flow_rate
#' # [1] 250 240 220 190
#' #
#' # $loss
#' # [1] 348.0000 347.1389 346.3483 345.8610
#' #
#' # $flux
#' # [1] 181.9600 181.5097 181.0963 180.8415
#' #
#' # $Q
#' # [1] 5011200 4415607 2493707 2905232
#'
#'
#' # Next consider values of traced regime as sensor readings for backward tracing:
#' t_bw <- 127.3367 # [°C]
#' p_bw <- .5870330 # [MPa]
#' g_bw <- 190 # [ton/hour]
#'
#' # Then the calculated regime (red squares) for backward tracing is
#' regime_bw <- m325traceline(t_bw, p_bw, g_bw, discharges, forward = FALSE)
#' print(regime_bw)
#'
#' # $temperature
#' # [1] 129.9953 129.1769 128.4254 127.9619
#' #
#' # $pressure
#' # [1] 0.5883998 0.5878611 0.5874228 0.5872144
#' #
#' # $flow_rate
#' # [1] 250 250 240 220
#' #
#' # $loss
#' # [1] 347.1358 346.3467 345.8599 345.2035
#' #
#' # $flux
#' # [1] 181.5081 181.0955 180.8410 180.4978
#' #
#' # $Q
#' # [1] 4998755 4405529 2490192 2899710
#'
#' # Let compare sensor readings with backward tracing results:
#' tracing <- with(regime_bw, {
#' lambda <- function(val, constraint)
#' c(val, constraint, constraint - val,
#' abs(constraint - val)*100/constraint)
#' first <- 1
#' structure(
#' rbind(
#' lambda(temperature[first], t_fw),
#' lambda(pressure[first], p_fw),
#' lambda(flow_rate[first], g_fw)
#' ),
#' dimnames = list(
#' c("temperature", "pressure", "flow_rate"),
#' c("sensor.value", "traced.value", "abs.discr", "rel.discr")
#' )
#' )
#' })
#' print(tracing)
#'
#' # sensor.value traced.value abs.discr rel.discr
#' # temperature 129.9952943 130.000000 4.705723e-03 0.0036197868
#' # pressure 0.5883998 0.588399 -8.215938e-07 0.0001396321
#' # flow_rate 250.0000000 250.000000 0.000000e+00 0.0000000000
#'
#' @export
m325traceline <- function(temperature = 130,
pressure = mpa_kgf(6),
flow_rate = 250,
g = 0,
# [ton/hour] or [] depending on
d = 700,
# [mm]
len = c(600, 530, 300, 350),
# [m]
year = 1986,
insulation = 0,
laying = "underground",
beta = FALSE,
exp5k = TRUE,
roughness = 6e-3,
# [m]
inlet = 0.,
outlet = 0.,
# [m]
elev_tol = .1,
# [m]
method = "romeo",
forward = TRUE,
absg = TRUE) {
DAY <- 24 # [hours]
METER <- 1e-3 # [m/mm]
norms <- pipenostics::m325nhldata
checkmate::assert_number(temperature,
lower = 0,
upper = 350,
finite = TRUE)
checkmate::assert_number(pressure,
lower = 8.4e-2,
upper = 100,
finite = TRUE)
checkmate::assert_number(flow_rate,
lower = 1e-3,
upper = 1e5,
finite = TRUE)
checkmate::assert_flag(absg)
checkmate::assert_double(
g,
lower = 0,
upper = c(1, flow_rate)[[1 + absg]],
finite = TRUE,
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_double(
d,
lower = min(norms[["diameter"]]),
upper = max(norms[["diameter"]]),
finite = TRUE,
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_double(
len,
lower = 0,
finite = TRUE,
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_integerish(
year,
lower = 1900L,
upper = max(norms[["epoch"]]),
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_subset(insulation, choices = unique(norms[["insulation"]]))
checkmate::assert_subset(laying, choices = unique(norms[["laying"]]),
empty.ok = FALSE)
checkmate::assert_logical(beta, any.missing = FALSE, min.len = 1L)
checkmate::assert_logical(exp5k, any.missing = FALSE, min.len = 1L)
checkmate::assert_double(
roughness,
lower = 0,
upper = .2,
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_double(
inlet,
lower = 0,
finite = TRUE,
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_double(
outlet,
lower = 0,
finite = TRUE,
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_true(commensurable(
c(
length(d),
length(len),
length(year),
length(insulation),
length(laying),
length(beta),
length(exp5k),
length(roughness),
length(inlet),
length(outlet)
)
))
checkmate::assert_number(elev_tol,
lower = 0,
upper = 10,
finite = TRUE)
checkmate::assert_choice(method, c("romeo", "vatankhan", "buzelli"))
checkmate::assert_flag(forward)
dh <- outlet - inlet
checkmate::assert_true(all(abs(dh) < len)) # geometric constraint
checkmate::assert_true(all(abs(
utils::tail(inlet, -1) - utils::head(outlet, -1)
) < elev_tol)) # elevation consistency of tracing path
# material balance constraint
if (forward)
checkmate::assert_true(flow_rate - sum(g) >= 1e-3)
with(
data.frame(
g,
d,
len,
year,
insulation,
laying,
beta,
exp5k,
roughness,
inlet,
outlet,
# calculated regime parameters:
t_regime = NA_real_,
p_regime = NA_real_,
g_regime = NA_real_,
Q_regime = NA_real_,
loss_regime = NA_real_,
flux_regime = NA_real_
),
{
# declare temporary scalars for accumulation along the tracing path:
t_value <-
temperature
p_value <- pressure
g_value <- flow_rate
Q_value <- loss_value <- flux_value <- NA_real_
pipe_enum <- with(list(enum = seq_len(length(g))), {
if (forward)
enum
else
rev(enum)
})
for (i in pipe_enum) {
# Tracing of:
# * Total heat loss of a pipe per day
Q_regime[[i]] <- Q_value <- pipenostics::m325nhl(
year = year[[i]],
laying = laying[[i]],
exp5k = exp5k[[i]],
insulation = insulation[[i]],
d = d[[i]],
temperature = t_value,
len = len[[i]],
duration = DAY,
beta = beta[[i]],
extra = 2
) # [kcal]
# * Specific heat loss power - magnitudes comparable with Minenergo-325 sources
loss_regime[[i]] <- loss_value <- pipenostics::m325nhl(
year = year[[i]],
laying = laying[[i]],
exp5k = exp5k[[i]],
insulation = insulation[[i]],
d = d[[i]],
temperature = t_value,
len = 1,
# [m]
duration = 1,
# [hour]
beta = beta[[i]],
extra = 2
) # [kcal/m/h]
# * Heat flux
flux_regime[[i]] <-
pipenostics::flux_loss(loss_value, d[[i]] * METER, pipenostics::wth_d(d[[i]])) # [W/m^2]
# * Flow rate
g_value <-
g_value + c(0, -g[[i]])[[forward + 1]] * c(g_value, 1)[[1 + absg]] # [ton/hour]
# * Temperature
t_regime[[i]] <- t_value <- {
t_value + (-1) ^ forward * pipenostics::dropt(
temperature = t_value,
pressure = p_value,
flow_rate = g_value,
loss_power = Q_value / DAY
) # [°C]
}
# * Pressure
p_regime[[i]] <- p_value <- {
p_value + (-1) ^ forward *
pipenostics::dropp(
temperature = t_value,
pressure = p_value,
flow_rate = g_value,
d = d[[i]] * METER,
len = len[[i]],
roughness = roughness[[i]],
inlet = inlet[[i]],
outlet = outlet[[i]],
method = method
)
} # [MPa]
# * Flow rate
g_regime[[i]] <- g_value <-
g_value + c(0, g[[i]])[[2 - forward]] * c(g_value, 1)[[1 + absg]] # [ton/hour]
}
list(
temperature = t_regime,
pressure = p_regime,
flow_rate = g_regime,
loss = loss_regime,
flux = flux_regime,
Q = Q_regime
)
}
)
}
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Defines functions m325traceline
Documented in m325traceline
#' @title
#' Minenergo-325. Trace thermal-hydraulic regime for linear segment of district
#' heating network
#'
#' @family Regime tracing
#'
#' @description
#' Trace values of thermal-hydraulic regime (temperature, pressure,
#' flow_rate, and other) along the adjacent linear segments of pipeline using
#' norms of heat loss values prescribed by
#' \href{https://docs.cntd.ru/document/902148459}{Minenergo Order 325}.
#'
#' @details
#' The calculated (values of) regime may be considered as representation of
#' district heating process in conditions of hypothetically perfect
#' technical state of pipe walls and insulation.
#'
#' They consider only simple tracing paths which do not contain rings and any
#' kind of parallelization. At the same time bidirectional (forward and
#' backward) tracing is possible in accordance with sensor position. They also
#' may consider discharges to network at the inlet of each pipeline segment
#' as an approximation of actual forks of flows. Relevant illustration of
#' adopted assumptions for 4-segment tracing path is depicted on the next
#' figure.
#'
#' \figure{m325regtrace.png}
#'
#' They make additional check for consistency of \code{inlet} and \code{outlet}
#' values for subsequent pipe segments. Discrepancy of appropriate elevations
#' cannot be more than \code{elev_tol}.
#'
#' Since inner diameter of the pipe is used as input, the the thickness of the
#' pipe wall additionally considered in heat flux calculations. Pipe wall thickness
#' is derived from pipe diameter using
#' \href{https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200174717}{GOST 30732} specifications.
#'
#' @param temperature
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Sensor-measured temperature of heat
#' carrier (water)
#' inside the pipe sensor-measured at the inlet
#' (forward tracing) or at the outlet (backward tracing) of path, [\emph{°C}].
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_number}}.
#'
#' @param pressure
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Sensor-measured
#' \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_measurement#Absolute}{absolute
#' pressure} of heat carrier (water) sensor-measured at the inlet
#' (forward tracing) or at the outlet (backward tracing) of path, [\emph{MPa}].
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_number}}.
#'
#' @param flow_rate
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Amount of heat carrier (water)
#' sensor-measured at the inlet (forward tracing) or at the outlet (backward
#' tracing) of path, [\emph{ton/hour}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_number}}.
#'
#' @param g
#' amount of heat carrier discharge to network for each pipe segment in the
#' tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow. If flag \code{absg}
#' is \code{TRUE} then they treat argument \code{g} as absolute value in
#' [\emph{ton/hour}], otherwise they do as percentage of flow_rate in the
#' pipe segment.
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#'
#' @param d
#' internal diameters of subsequent pipes in tracing path that are enumerated
#' along the direction of flow, [\emph{mm}].
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#'
#' @param len
#' length of subsequent pipes in tracing path that are enumerated
#' along the direction of flow, [\emph{m}].
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#'
#' @param year
#' year when pipe is put in operation after laying or total overhaul for
#' each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow.
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_integerish}}.
#'
#' @param insulation
#' insulation that covers the exterior of pipe:
#' \describe{
#' \item{\code{0}}{no insulation}
#' \item{\code{1}}{foamed polyurethane or analogue}
#' \item{\code{2}}{polymer concrete}
#' }
#' for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow.
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_numeric}} and \code{\link{assert_subset}}.
#'
#' @param laying
#' type of pipe laying depicting the position of pipe in space:
#' \itemize{
#' \item \code{air}
#' \item \code{channel}
#' \item \code{room}
#' \item \code{tunnel}
#' \item \code{underground}
#' }
#' for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow.
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_character}} and \code{\link{assert_subset}}.
#'
#' @param beta
#' logical indicator: should they consider additional heat loss of fittings?
#' Logical value for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the direction
#' of flow. Type: \code{\link{assert_logical}}.
#'
#' @param exp5k
#' logical indicator for regime of pipe: is pipe operated more that
#' \code{5000} hours per year? Logical value for each pipe in tracing path
#' enumerated along the direction of flow.
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_logical}}.
#'
#' @param roughness
#' roughness of internal wall for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along
#' the direction of flow, [\emph{m}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#'
#' @param inlet
#' elevation of pipe inlet for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along
#' the direction of flow, [\emph{m}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#'
#' @param outlet
#' elevation of pipe outlet for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along
#' the direction of flow, [\emph{m}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#'
#' @param method
#' method of determining \emph{Darcy friction factor}
#' \itemize{
#' \item \code{romeo}
#' \item \code{vatankhan}
#' \item \code{buzelli}
#' }
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_choice}}. For more details see \code{\link{dropp}}.
#'
#' @param elev_tol
#' maximum allowed discrepancy between adjacent outlet and inlet elevations of
#' two subsequent pipes in the traced path, [\emph{m}].
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_number}}.
#'
#' @param forward
#' tracing direction flag: is it a forward direction of tracing?
#' If \code{FALSE} the backward tracing is performed.
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_flag}}.
#'
#' @param absg
#' Whether argument \code{g} (amount of heat carrier discharge to network) is an
#' absolute value in [\emph{ton/hour}] (\code{TRUE}) or is it a percentage of
#' flow rate in the pipe segment (\code{FALSE})?
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_flag}}.
#'
#' @return
#' \code{\link{list}} containing results (detailed log) of tracing for each pipe
#' in tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow:
#' \describe{
#' \item{\code{temperature}}{
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Traced temperature of heat
#' carrier (water), [\emph{°C}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#' }
#' \item{\code{pressure}}{
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Traced pressure of heat
#' carrier (water) for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the
#' direction of flow, [\emph{MPa}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#' }
#' \item{\code{flow_rate}}{
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Traced flow rate of heat
#' carrier (water) for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the
#' direction of flow, [\emph{ton/hour}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#' }
#' \item{\code{loss}}{
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Normative specific heat
#' loss power for each pipe in tracing path enumerated along the direction
#' of flow, [\emph{kcal/m/h}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#' }
#' \item{\code{flux}}{
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Normative heat flux for each pipe
#' in tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow, [\emph{W/m^2}].
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#' }
#' \item{\code{Q}}{
#' \emph{Traced thermal hydraulic regime}. Normative heat loss for each
#' pipe in tracing path enumerated along the direction of flow per day,
#' [\emph{kcal}]. Type: \code{\link{assert_double}}.
#' }
#' }
#' Type: \code{\link{assert_list}}.
#'
#' @examples
#' library(pipenostics)
#'
#' # Consider 4-segment tracing path depicted in ?m325regtrace help page.
#' # First, let sensor readings for forward tracing:
#' t_fw <- 130 # [°C]
#' p_fw <- mpa_kgf(6)*all.equal(.588399, mpa_kgf(6)) # [MPa]
#' g_fw <- 250 # [ton/hour]
#'
#' # Let discharges to network for each pipeline segment are somehow determined as
#' discharges <- seq(0, 30, 10) # [ton/hour]
#'
#' # Then the calculated regime (red squares) for forward tracing is
#' regime_fw <- m325traceline(t_fw, p_fw, g_fw, discharges, forward = TRUE)
#' print(regime_fw)
#'
#' # $temperature
#' # [1] 129.1799 128.4269 127.9628 127.3367
#' #
#' # $pressure
#' # [1] 0.5878607 0.5874226 0.5872143 0.5870330
#' #
#' # $flow_rate
#' # [1] 250 240 220 190
#' #
#' # $loss
#' # [1] 348.0000 347.1389 346.3483 345.8610
#' #
#' # $flux
#' # [1] 181.9600 181.5097 181.0963 180.8415
#' #
#' # $Q
#' # [1] 5011200 4415607 2493707 2905232
#'
#'
#' # Next consider values of traced regime as sensor readings for backward tracing:
#' t_bw <- 127.3367 # [°C]
#' p_bw <- .5870330 # [MPa]
#' g_bw <- 190 # [ton/hour]
#'
#' # Then the calculated regime (red squares) for backward tracing is
#' regime_bw <- m325traceline(t_bw, p_bw, g_bw, discharges, forward = FALSE)
#' print(regime_bw)
#'
#' # $temperature
#' # [1] 129.9953 129.1769 128.4254 127.9619
#' #
#' # $pressure
#' # [1] 0.5883998 0.5878611 0.5874228 0.5872144
#' #
#' # $flow_rate
#' # [1] 250 250 240 220
#' #
#' # $loss
#' # [1] 347.1358 346.3467 345.8599 345.2035
#' #
#' # $flux
#' # [1] 181.5081 181.0955 180.8410 180.4978
#' #
#' # $Q
#' # [1] 4998755 4405529 2490192 2899710
#'
#' # Let compare sensor readings with backward tracing results:
#' tracing <- with(regime_bw, {
#' lambda <- function(val, constraint)
#' c(val, constraint, constraint - val,
#' abs(constraint - val)*100/constraint)
#' first <- 1
#' structure(
#' rbind(
#' lambda(temperature[first], t_fw),
#' lambda(pressure[first], p_fw),
#' lambda(flow_rate[first], g_fw)
#' ),
#' dimnames = list(
#' c("temperature", "pressure", "flow_rate"),
#' c("sensor.value", "traced.value", "abs.discr", "rel.discr")
#' )
#' )
#' })
#' print(tracing)
#'
#' # sensor.value traced.value abs.discr rel.discr
#' # temperature 129.9952943 130.000000 4.705723e-03 0.0036197868
#' # pressure 0.5883998 0.588399 -8.215938e-07 0.0001396321
#' # flow_rate 250.0000000 250.000000 0.000000e+00 0.0000000000
#'
#' @export
m325traceline <- function(temperature = 130,
pressure = mpa_kgf(6),
flow_rate = 250,
g = 0,
# [ton/hour] or [] depending on
d = 700,
# [mm]
len = c(600, 530, 300, 350),
# [m]
year = 1986,
insulation = 0,
laying = "underground",
beta = FALSE,
exp5k = TRUE,
roughness = 6e-3,
# [m]
inlet = 0.,
outlet = 0.,
# [m]
elev_tol = .1,
# [m]
method = "romeo",
forward = TRUE,
absg = TRUE) {
DAY <- 24 # [hours]
METER <- 1e-3 # [m/mm]
norms <- pipenostics::m325nhldata
checkmate::assert_number(temperature,
lower = 0,
upper = 350,
finite = TRUE)
checkmate::assert_number(pressure,
lower = 8.4e-2,
upper = 100,
finite = TRUE)
checkmate::assert_number(flow_rate,
lower = 1e-3,
upper = 1e5,
finite = TRUE)
checkmate::assert_flag(absg)
checkmate::assert_double(
g,
lower = 0,
upper = c(1, flow_rate)[[1 + absg]],
finite = TRUE,
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_double(
d,
lower = min(norms[["diameter"]]),
upper = max(norms[["diameter"]]),
finite = TRUE,
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_double(
len,
lower = 0,
finite = TRUE,
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_integerish(
year,
lower = 1900L,
upper = max(norms[["epoch"]]),
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_subset(insulation, choices = unique(norms[["insulation"]]))
checkmate::assert_subset(laying, choices = unique(norms[["laying"]]),
empty.ok = FALSE)
checkmate::assert_logical(beta, any.missing = FALSE, min.len = 1L)
checkmate::assert_logical(exp5k, any.missing = FALSE, min.len = 1L)
checkmate::assert_double(
roughness,
lower = 0,
upper = .2,
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_double(
inlet,
lower = 0,
finite = TRUE,
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_double(
outlet,
lower = 0,
finite = TRUE,
any.missing = FALSE,
min.len = 1L
)
checkmate::assert_true(commensurable(
c(
length(d),
length(len),
length(year),
length(insulation),
length(laying),
length(beta),
length(exp5k),
length(roughness),
length(inlet),
length(outlet)
)
))
checkmate::assert_number(elev_tol,
lower = 0,
upper = 10,
finite = TRUE)
checkmate::assert_choice(method, c("romeo", "vatankhan", "buzelli"))
checkmate::assert_flag(forward)
dh <- outlet - inlet
checkmate::assert_true(all(abs(dh) < len)) # geometric constraint
checkmate::assert_true(all(abs(
utils::tail(inlet, -1) - utils::head(outlet, -1)
) < elev_tol)) # elevation consistency of tracing path
# material balance constraint
if (forward)
checkmate::assert_true(flow_rate - sum(g) >= 1e-3)
with(
data.frame(
g,
d,
len,
year,
insulation,
laying,
beta,
exp5k,
roughness,
inlet,
outlet,
# calculated regime parameters:
t_regime = NA_real_,
p_regime = NA_real_,
g_regime = NA_real_,
Q_regime = NA_real_,
loss_regime = NA_real_,
flux_regime = NA_real_
),
{
# declare temporary scalars for accumulation along the tracing path:
t_value <-
temperature
p_value <- pressure
g_value <- flow_rate
Q_value <- loss_value <- flux_value <- NA_real_
pipe_enum <- with(list(enum = seq_len(length(g))), {
if (forward)
enum
else
rev(enum)
})
for (i in pipe_enum) {
# Tracing of:
# * Total heat loss of a pipe per day
Q_regime[[i]] <- Q_value <- pipenostics::m325nhl(
year = year[[i]],
laying = laying[[i]],
exp5k = exp5k[[i]],
insulation = insulation[[i]],
d = d[[i]],
temperature = t_value,
len = len[[i]],
duration = DAY,
beta = beta[[i]],
extra = 2
) # [kcal]
# * Specific heat loss power - magnitudes comparable with Minenergo-325 sources
loss_regime[[i]] <- loss_value <- pipenostics::m325nhl(
year = year[[i]],
laying = laying[[i]],
exp5k = exp5k[[i]],
insulation = insulation[[i]],
d = d[[i]],
temperature = t_value,
len = 1,
# [m]
duration = 1,
# [hour]
beta = beta[[i]],
extra = 2
) # [kcal/m/h]
# * Heat flux
flux_regime[[i]] <-
pipenostics::flux_loss(loss_value, d[[i]] * METER, pipenostics::wth_d(d[[i]])) # [W/m^2]
# * Flow rate
g_value <-
g_value + c(0, -g[[i]])[[forward + 1]] * c(g_value, 1)[[1 + absg]] # [ton/hour]
# * Temperature
t_regime[[i]] <- t_value <- {
t_value + (-1) ^ forward * pipenostics::dropt(
temperature = t_value,
pressure = p_value,
flow_rate = g_value,
loss_power = Q_value / DAY
) # [°C]
}
# * Pressure
p_regime[[i]] <- p_value <- {
p_value + (-1) ^ forward *
pipenostics::dropp(
temperature = t_value,
pressure = p_value,
flow_rate = g_value,
d = d[[i]] * METER,
len = len[[i]],
roughness = roughness[[i]],
inlet = inlet[[i]],
outlet = outlet[[i]],
method = method
)
} # [MPa]
# * Flow rate
g_regime[[i]] <- g_value <-
g_value + c(0, g[[i]])[[2 - forward]] * c(g_value, 1)[[1 + absg]] # [ton/hour]
}
list(
temperature = t_regime,
pressure = p_regime,
flow_rate = g_regime,
loss = loss_regime,
flux = flux_regime,
Q = Q_regime
)
}
)
}
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