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#' Plots log normal VaR and ETL against confidence level
#'
#' Plots the VaR and ETL of a portfolio against confidence level assuming that geometric
#' returns are normally distributed, for specified confidence level and
#' holding period.
#'
#' @param ... The input arguments contain either return data or else mean and
#' standard deviation data. Accordingly, number of input arguments is either 4
#' or 5. In case there are 4 input arguments, the mean and standard deviation of
#' data is computed from return data. See examples for details.
#'
#' returns Vector of daily geometric return data
#'
#' mu Mean of daily geometric return data
#'
#' sigma Standard deviation of daily geometric return data
#'
#' investment Size of investment
#'
#' cl VaR confidence level and must be a vector
#'
#' hp VaR holding period and must be a scalar
#'
#' @references Dowd, K. Measuring Market Risk, Wiley, 2007.
#'
#' @author Dinesh Acharya
#' @examples
#'
#' # Plots VaR and ETL against confidene level given geometric return data
#' data <- runif(5, min = 0, max = .2)
#' LogNormalVaRETLPlot2DCL(returns = data, investment = 5, cl = seq(.85,.99,.01), hp = 60)
#'
#' # Computes VaR against confidence level given mean and standard deviation of return data
#' LogNormalVaRETLPlot2DCL(mu = .012, sigma = .03, investment = 5, cl = seq(.85,.99,.01), hp = 40)
#'
#'
#' @export
LogNormalVaRETLPlot2DCL<- function(...){
# Determine if there are four or five arguments, and ensure that arguments are read as intended
if (nargs() < 4) {
stop("Too few arguments")
}
if (nargs() > 5) {
stop("Too many arguments")
}
args <- list(...)
if (nargs() == 5) {
mu <- args$mu
investment <- args$investment
cl <- args$cl
sigma <- args$sigma
hp <- args$hp
}
if (nargs() == 4) {
mu <- mean(args$returns)
investment <- args$investment
cl <- args$cl
sigma <- sd(args$returns)
hp <- args$hp
}
# Check that inputs have correct dimensions
mu <- as.matrix(mu)
mu.row <- dim(mu)[1]
mu.col <- dim(mu)[2]
if (max(mu.row, mu.col) > 1) {
stop("Mean must be a scalar")
}
sigma <- as.matrix(sigma)
sigma.row <- dim(sigma)[1]
sigma.col <- dim(sigma)[2]
if (max(sigma.row, sigma.col) > 1) {
stop("Standard deviation must be a scalar")
}
cl <- as.matrix(cl)
cl.row <- dim(cl)[1]
cl.col <- dim(cl)[2]
if (min(cl.row, cl.col) > 1) {
stop("Confidence level must be a vector")
}
hp <- as.matrix(hp)
hp.row <- dim(hp)[1]
hp.col <- dim(hp)[2]
if (max(hp.row, hp.col) > 1) {
stop("Holding period must be a scalar")
}
# Check that cl is read as row vector
if (cl.row > cl.col) {
cl <- t(cl)
}
# Check that inputs obey sign and value restrictions
if (sigma < 0) {
stop("Standard deviation must be non-negative")
}
if (max(cl) >= 1){
stop("Confidence level(s) must be less than 1")
}
if (min(cl) <= 0){
stop("Confidence level(s) must be greater than 0")
}
if (min(hp) <= 0){
stop("Holding period must be greater than 0")
}
# VaR estimation
cl.row <- dim(cl)[1]
cl.col <- dim(cl)[2]
VaR <- investment - exp(sigma[1,1] * sqrt(hp[1,1]) * qnorm(1 - cl, 0, 1)+mu[1,1]*hp[1,1]*matrix(1,cl.row,cl.col) + log(investment)) # VaR
# ES estimation
n <- 1000 # Number of slices into which tail is divided
cl0 <- cl # Initial confidence level
delta.cl <- (1 - cl) / n # Increment to confidence level as each slice is taken
v <- VaR
for (i in 1:(n-1)) {
cl <- cl0 + i * delta.cl # Revised cl
v <- v + investment - exp(sigma[1,1] * sqrt(hp[1,1]) *
qnorm(1 - cl, 0, 1) + mu[1,1] * hp[1,1] *
matrix(1, cl.row, cl.col) + log(investment))
}
v <- v/n
# Plotting
ymin <- min(VaR, v)
ymax <- max(VaR, v)
xmin <- min(cl0)
xmax <- max(cl0)
plot(cl0, VaR, type = "l", xlim = c(xmin, xmax), ylim = c(ymin, ymax), xlab = "Confidence level", ylab = "VaR/ETL")
par(new=TRUE)
plot(cl0, v, type = "l", xlim = c(xmin, xmax), ylim = c(ymin, ymax), xlab = "Confidence level", ylab = "VaR/ETL")
title("Lognormal VaR and ETL against confidence level")
xmin <- min(cl0)+.3*(max(cl0)-min(cl0))
text(xmin,max(VaR)-.1*(max(VaR)-min(VaR)),
'Input parameters', cex=.75, font = 2)
text(xmin,max(VaR)-.15*(max(VaR)-min(VaR)),
paste('Daily mean geometric return = ',round(mu[1,1],3)),cex=.75)
text(xmin,max(VaR)-.2*(max(VaR)-min(VaR)),
paste('Stdev. of daily geometric returns = ',round(sigma[1,1],3)),cex=.75)
text(xmin,max(VaR)-.25*(max(VaR)-min(VaR)),
paste('Investment size = ',investment),cex=.75)
text(xmin,max(VaR)-.3*(max(VaR)-min(VaR)),
paste('Holding period = ',hp,'days'),cex=.75)
# VaR and ETL labels
text(max(cl0)-.4*(max(cl0)-min(cl0)),min(VaR)+.3*(max(VaR)-min(VaR)),'Upper line - ETL',cex=.75);
text(max(cl0)-.4*(max(cl0)-min(cl0)),min(VaR)+.2*(max(VaR)-min(VaR)),'Lower line - VaR',cex=.75);
}
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