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The general purpose of the study (Hartman, 2016, Heinrichs etal. (2015)) was to evaluate patterns and levels of performance on neurocognitive measures among individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder using a well-validated, comprehensive neurocognitive battery specifically designed for individuals with psychosis (Heinrichs etal. (2008))
The data here are for a subset of the observations in NeuroCog
for which
measures on various scales of social cognition were also available.
Interest here is on whether the schizophrenia group can be distinguished from the
schizoaffective group on these measures.
The Social Cognitive measures were designed to tap various aspects of the perception and cognitive
procession of emotions of others. Emotion perception was assessed using a Managing Emotions (MgeEmotions
)
score from the MCCB. A "theory of mind" (ToM
) score assessed ability to read the emotions of
others from photographs of the eye region of male and female faces. Two other measures,
externalizing bias (ExtBias
) and personalizing bias (PersBias
) were
calculated from a scale measuring the degree to which individuals attribute internal, personal
or situational causal attributions to positive and negative social events.
1 | data("SocialCog")
|
A data frame with 139 observations on the following 5 variables.
Dx
Diagnostic group, a factor with levels Schizophrenia
, Schizoaffective
, Control
MgeEmotions
Score on the Managing emotions test, a numeric vector
ToM
Score on the The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (theory of mind), a numeric vector
ExtBias
Externalizing Bias score, a numeric vector
PersBias
Personal Bias score, a numeric vector
See NeuroCog
for a description of the sample.
Only those with complete data on all the social cognitive measures are included in this data set.
There is one extreme outier in the schizophrenia group and other possible outliers in the control group, left in here for tutorial purposes.
Hartman, L. I. (2016). Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder: One Condition or Two? Unpublished PhD dissertation, York University.
Heinrichs, R.W., Pinnock, F., Muharib, E., Hartman, L.I., Goldberg, J.O., & McDermid Vaz, S. (2015). Neurocognitive normality in schizophrenia revisited. Schizophrenia Research: Cognition, 2 (4), 227-232. doi: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.09.001
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | data(SocialCog)
SC.mod <- lm(cbind(MgeEmotions, ToM, ExtBias, PersBias) ~ Dx, data=SocialCog)
SC.mod
Anova(SC.mod)
# test hypotheses of interest in terms of contrasts
print(linearHypothesis(SC.mod, "Dx1"), SSP=FALSE)
print(linearHypothesis(SC.mod, "Dx2"), SSP=FALSE)
#' ## HE plots
heplot(SC.mod, hypotheses=list("Dx1"="Dx1", "Dx2"="Dx2"),
fill=TRUE, fill.alpha=.1)
pairs(SC.mod, fill=c(TRUE,FALSE), fill.alpha=.1)
|
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