Bornholm: Female Iron Age Graves, Bornholm, Denmark
In archdata: Example Datasets from Archaeological Research

Description Usage Format Details Source Examples

Data on the occurrence of 39 different types of ornamentation in 77 female graves at Iron age sites in in Bornholm, Denmark.

1	data("Bornholm")

A data frame with 77 observations on the following 42 variables.

Number: Observation Number
Site: Site/Bural Number
Period: Chronological period: 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, and 3b
N2c: count
R3d: count
N2a: count
Q3b: count
R3c: count
N1: count
Q3c: count
O1: count
O2: count
N2e: count
I3: count
R3b: count
K1a: count
Q3a: count
I2: count
K1c: count
K1b: count
H: count
Q3d: count
J1d: count
S1: count
D: count
Q2: count
S3: count
P2: count
P4: count
G3: count
E2a: count
P3: count
R3a: count
R1: count
E2b: count
G2: count
I1b: count
G1: count
F: count
P1: count
I1a: count
A2e: count

Nielsen used data on 39 different types of ornaments from Ørsnes (1966) to seriate a series of 77 Late Germanic Iron Age (CE 550 - 800) graves from Bornholm, Denmark (1988, Table 4 and Figure 7). Baxter re-analyzed the data to illustrate correspondence analysis (1994: 104-107, Table A6). These data were taken from Nielsen's Table 4 showing her seriation. Baxter's version is scrambled in order to evaluate different seriation methods and does not include the ornament types (illustrated in Nielson's Figure 7). The data include Ørsnes's period and subperiod designations (1966).

Baxter, M. J. 1994. Exploratory Multivariate Analysis in Archaeology. Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh.

Nielsen, K. H. 1988. Correspondence Analysis Applied to Hords and Graves of the Germanic Iron Age. In Multivariate Archaeology: Numerical Approaches in Scandinavian Archaeology, edited by Torsten Madsen, pp 37-54. Jutland Archaeological Society Publications XXI. Arahus University Press.

Ørsnes, M. 1966. Form og stil i Sydskandinaviens yngre germanske jernalder. Nationalmuseets skrifter. Arkæologisk-historisk række 11. Copenhagen.

if (requireNamespace("MASS", quietly = TRUE)) {
  data(Bornholm)
  Bornholm.ca <- MASS::corresp(Bornholm[, 4:42], nf=2)
  plot(Bornholm.ca$rscore, pch=substring(Bornholm$Period, 1, 1), cex=.75)
  boxplot(Bornholm.ca$rscore[, 1]~Bornholm$Period, main="First CA Axis by Period")
} else {
  cat("This example requires the MASS package.\n")
}