EngrBone: Upper Paleolithic Engraved Bone Design Elements - Spain
In archdata: Example Datasets from Archaeological Research

Description Usage Format Details Source References Examples

Counts of 44 engraved bone design elements at five Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherer sites in Cantabrian, Spain.

1	data("EngrBone")

A data frame with 44 types of engraved bone found at 5 sites.

A: Altamira
CM: Cueto de la Mina
EJ: El Juyo
EC: El Cierro
LP: La Paloma

Counts of 44 engraved bone design elements at five prehistoric hunter-gatherer sites in Cantabrian, Spain. The data were originally analyzed by Conkey (1980) and appear in this format in Kaufman (1998). Kintigh (1984) used these data to illustrate a method for comparing the diversity between samples. The data were scanned from Table 2.4 in Baxter (2003, p. 24).

Baxter, M. J. 2003. Statistics in Archaeology. Arnold, London.

Conkey, M. W. 1980. The Identification of Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Aggregation Sites: The Case of Altamira. Current Anthropology 21: 609-30.

Kaufman, D. 1998. Measuring Archaeological Diversity: An Application of the Jackknife Technique. American Antiquity 63: 73-85.

Kintigh, K. 1984. Measuring Archaeological Diversity by Comparison with Simulated Assemblages. American Antiquity 49: 44-54.

data(EngrBone)
# Number of engraved bone specimens at each site
NS <- colSums(EngrBone)
# Number of kinds of engraved bone at each site
NT <- colSums(EngrBone>0)
plot(NS, NT, xlab="Number of Specimens", ylab="Number of Types", main="Engraved Bone", las=1)
text(NS, NT, names(EngrBone), pos=c(1, 3, 3, 3, 3))
Key <- apply(attr(EngrBone, "Variables"), 1, paste, collapse=" - ")
legend("topleft", legend=Key)