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#### Originally by Roger B. Sidje (rbs@maths.uq.edu.au)
#### EXPOKIT: Software Package for Computing Matrix Exponentials.
#### ACM - Transactions On Mathematical Software, 24(1):130-156, 1998
##' Performs exp(A t) %*% v directly w/o evaluating exp(A)
##' Originally by Roger B. Sidje
##' EXPOKIT: Software Package for Computing Matrix Exponentials.
##' ACM - Transactions On Mathematical Software, 24(1):130-156, 1998
##' @title Compute exp(A t) %*% v directly
##' @param A n x n matrix
##' @param v n - vector
##' @param t number (scalar) ___ FIXME allow vector ? ___
##' @param tol
##' @param btol
##' @param m.max integer constants you should only change if you know what you're doing
##' @param mxrej
##' @param verbose flag indicating if the algorithm should be verbose..
##' @return a list with components
##' @author Ravi Varadhan, Johns Hopkins University; Martin Maechler (cosmetic)
expAtv <- function(A, v, t=1,
method = "Sidje98",
## currently only one method, with these arguments:
## FIXME argMeth=list( ... )
rescaleBelow = 1e-6,
tol=1e-7, btol = 1e-7, m.max = 30, mxrej = 10,
verbose = getOption("verbose"))
{
## R translation: Ravi Varadhan, Johns Hopkins University
## "cosmetic", apply to sparse A: Martin Maechler, ETH Zurich
if(length(d <- dim(A)) != 2) stop("'A' is not a matrix") # <- also for sparseMatrix
stopifnot(length(v) == (n <- d[1]), m.max >= 2)
if(n <= 1) {
if(n == 1) return(list(eAtv = exp(A*t)*v, error = 0, nstep = 0L, n.reject = 0L))
stop("nrow(A) must be >= 1")
}
method <- match.arg(method)
m <- min(n, m.max)# >= 2
##-<FIXME> these are function arguments as well :
gamma <- 0.9
delta <- 1.2
##-</FIXME>
nA <- norm(A, "I")
if(nA < rescaleBelow) { ## rescaling, by MMaechler, needed for small norms
A <- A/nA
t <- t*nA
nA <- 1
}
rndoff <- nA * .Machine$double.eps
t_1 <- abs(t)
sgn <- sign(t)
t_now <- 0
s_error <- 0
k1 <- 2
mb <- m
xm <- 1/m
beta <- sqrt(sum(v*v))# = norm(v) = |\ v ||
if(beta == 0) ## border case: v is all 0, and the result is too
return(list(eAtv = v, error = 0L, nstep = 0L, n.reject = 0L))
fact <- (((m+1)/exp(1))^(m+1))*sqrt(2*pi*(m+1))
myRound <- function(tt) {
s <- 10^(floor(log10(tt)) - 1)
ceiling(tt/s)*s
}
t_new <- myRound( (1/nA)*(fact*tol/(4*beta*nA))^xm )
V <- matrix(0, n, m+1)
H <- matrix(0, m+2, m+2)
nstep <- n.rej <- 0L
w <- v
while (t_now < t_1) {
nstep <- nstep + 1L
t_step <- min(t_1 - t_now, t_new)
if(verbose) cat(sprintf("while(t_now = %g < ..): nstep=%d, t_step=%g\n",
t_now, nstep, t_step))
V[,1] <- (1/beta)*w
for (j in 1:m) {
p <- as.vector(A %*% V[,j])
for (i in 1:j) {
H[i,j] <- s <- sum(V[,i] * p)
p <- p - s * V[,i]
}
s <- sqrt(sum(p*p))
if (s < btol) {
k1 <- 0
mb <- j
t_step <- t_1 - t_now
break
}
H[j+1, j] <- s
V[, j+1] <- p / s
} ## j-loop complete
if (k1 != 0) {
H[m+2, m+1] <- 1
av <- A %*% V[, m+1]
avnorm <- sqrt(sum(av * av))
}
i.rej <- 0L
while (i.rej <= mxrej) {
mx <- mb + k1; imx <- seq_len(mx) # = 1:mx
if(verbose) cat(sprintf(" inner while: k1=%d -> mx=%d\n",
k1, mx))
F <- expm(sgn * t_step * H[imx,imx, drop=FALSE])
if (k1 == 0) {
err_loc <- btol
break
} else {
phi1 <- abs(beta * F[m+1,1])
phi2 <- abs(beta * F[m+2,1] * avnorm)
if(is.nan(phi1) || is.nan(phi2))
stop("NaN phi values; probably overflow in expm()")
if (phi1 > 10*phi2) {
err_loc <- phi2
xm <- 1/m
} else if (phi1 > phi2) {
err_loc <- (phi1 * phi2)/(phi1 - phi2)
xm <- 1/m
} else {
err_loc <- phi1
xm <- 1/(m-1)
}
}
if (err_loc <= delta * t_step*tol) break
else {
if (i.rej == mxrej)
stop(gettextf('The requested tolerance (tol=%g) is too small for mxrej=%d.',
tol, mxrej))
t_step <- gamma * t_step * (t_step * tol / err_loc)^xm
s <- 10^(floor(log10(t_step))-1)
t_step <- s * ceiling(t_step / s)
i.rej <- i.rej + 1L
}
}## end{ while (i.rej < mx..) }
n.rej <- n.rej + i.rej
mx <- mb + max(0, k1-1); imx <- seq_len(mx) # = 1:mx
w <- as.vector(V[, imx] %*% (beta*F[imx,1, drop=FALSE]))
beta <- sqrt(sum(w*w))
t_now <- t_now + t_step
t_new <- myRound(gamma * t_step * (t_step*tol/err_loc)^xm)
err_loc <- max(err_loc, rndoff)
s_error <- s_error + err_loc
}# end{ while }
list(eAtv = w, error = s_error, nstep = nstep, n.reject = n.rej)
}
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