Nothing
#' @useDynLib fastpos
#' @importFrom Rcpp sourceCpp
NULL
#' Stops execution without giving error
#'
#' This is useful to have a consistent behavior when the user interrupts
#' function execution but this interruption is not catched by C++. If this
#' happens nothing is returned. But if C++ catches the interrupt, we need to
#' stop execution ourselves (and also return nothing).
#' @noRd
stop_quietly <- function() {
blank_msg <- sprintf("\r%s\r", paste(rep("", getOption("width") - 1L),
collapse = " "))
stop(simpleError(blank_msg))
}
#' Creates a population with a specified correlation.
#'
#' @param rho Population correlation.
#' @param size Population size.
#' @return Two-dimensional population matrix with a specific correlation.
#' @examples
#' pop <- create_pop(0.5, 1e5)
#' cor(pop)
#' @noRd
#' @importFrom MASS mvrnorm
create_pop_inexact <- function(rho, size) {
mu <- c(1, 2)
s1 <- 2
s2 <- 8
sigma <- matrix(c(s1^2, s1 * s2 * rho, s1 * s2 * rho, s2^2), 2)
pop <- MASS::mvrnorm(n = size, mu = mu, Sigma = sigma)
pop
}
#' Creates a population with a specified correlation.
#'
#' The correlation will be exactly the one specified. The used method is
#' described here:
#' https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/15011/generate-a-random-variable-with-a-defined-correlation-to-an-existing-variables/15040#15040
#'
#' @param rho Population correlation.
#' @param size Population size.
#' @return Two-dimensional population matrix with a specific correlation.
#' @examples
#' pop <- create_pop(rho = 0.5, size = 1e6)
#' cor(pop)
#' @export
#' @importFrom stats residuals sd rnorm lm.fit
create_pop <- function(rho, size) {
y <- stats::rnorm(size)
x <- stats::rnorm(size)
y_perp <- stats::residuals(stats::lm.fit(cbind(1, y), x))
x <- rho * stats::sd(y_perp) * y + y_perp * stats::sd(y) * sqrt(1 - rho^2)
matrix(c(x, y), ncol = 2)
}
#' Run simulation for one specific correlation.
#'
#' @param rho Population correlation.
#' @param lower_limit Lower limit of corridor, overrides precision parameter
#' @param upper_limit Upper limit of corridor, overrides precision parameter
#' @inheritParams find_critical_pos
#' @return A list with two elements, (1) a data frame called "summary"
#' containing all the above information as well as the critical sample sizes
#' (points of stability) for the confidence-levels specified and (2) vector
#' "n" with the sample size from each study (e.g. for plotting the
#' distribution)
#' @examples
#' find_one_critical_pos(rho = 0.5)
#' @noRd
#' @importFrom stats cor quantile
#' @importFrom pbmcapply pbmclapply
#' @importFrom tibble lst
find_one_critical_pos <- function(rho, sample_size_min = 20,
sample_size_max = 1e3,
replace = TRUE, n_studies = 1e3,
pop_size = 1e6,
precision_absolute = .1,
precision_relative = NA,
confidence_levels = c(.8, .9, .95),
n_cores = 1,
lower_limit = NA,
upper_limit = NA,
progress = show_progress()) {
# create corridor of stability
corridor_function <- choose_corridor_function(
!is.na(precision_absolute), !is.na(precision_relative),
!is.na(lower_limit), !is.na(upper_limit)
)
corridor_values <- corridor_function(rho, precision_absolute,
precision_relative,
lower_limit, upper_limit)
lower_limit <- corridor_values$lower_limit
upper_limit <- corridor_values$upper_limit
precision_absolute <- corridor_values$precision_absolute
precision_relative <- corridor_values$precision_relative
# create bivariate population distribution
pop <- create_pop(rho, pop_size)
x <- pop[, 1]
y <- pop[, 2]
rho_pop <- stats::cor(x, y)
# create dist of pos
n_studies_per_core <- ceiling(n_studies / n_cores)
if (n_cores > 1) {
res <- unlist(pbmcapply::pbmclapply(1:n_cores, function(k)
simulate_pos(x, y, n_studies_per_core, sample_size_min,
sample_size_max, replace,
lower_limit, upper_limit, progress = FALSE),
mc.cores = n_cores,
mc.set.seed = FALSE
))
} else {
res <- simulate_pos(x, y, n_studies, sample_size_min, sample_size_max, replace,
lower_limit, upper_limit, progress)
}
# on interruption, C++ will return -1 (if R interrupts by itself, nothing
# will be returned, it just stops)
if (length(res) == 1) {
if (res == -1) stop_quietly()
}
names(res) <- unlist(paste("study ", 1:length(res)))
n_not_breached <- sum(is.na(res))
# calc critical pos
# use max sample size for those studies where the corridor was not breached
thequantiles <- stats::quantile(c(res, rep(sample_size_max, n_not_breached)),
confidence_levels, na.rm = TRUE)
return(list(summary = unlist(tibble::lst(
rho_pop,
pos = unlist(thequantiles),
sample_size_min,
sample_size_max,
lower_limit,
upper_limit,
n_studies = length(res),
n_not_breached,
precision_absolute,
precision_relative)),
n = res
))
}
#' Find the critical point of stability
#'
#' Run simulations for one or several population correlations and return the
#' critical points of stability (POS). The critical point of stability is the
#' sample size at which a certain percentage of studies will fall into an a
#' priori specified interval and stay in this interval if the sample size is
#' increased further.
#'
#' @param rho Vector of population correlations (can also be a single correlation).
#' @param precision_absolute Precision around the correlation which is acceptable
#' (defaults to 0.1). The precision will determine the corridor of stability which is
#' just rho+-precision. Can be a single value or a vector (different values for
#' different rhos).
#' @param confidence_levels Confidence levels for point of stability. This corresponds
#' to the quantile of the distribution of all found critical sample sizes (defaults
#' to c(.8, .9, .95)). A single value can also be used. Note that this value is fixed
#' for all rhos! You cannot specify different levels for different rhos.
#' @param sample_size_min Minimum sample size for each study (defaults to 20). A vector
#' can be used (different values for different rhos).
#' @param sample_size_max Maximum sample size for each study (defaults to 1e3). A
#' vector can be used (different values for different rhos). If you get a warning
#' that the corridor of stability was not reached, you should increase this value.
#' But note that this will increase the time for the simulation.
#' @param n_studies Number of studies to run for each rho (defaults to 1e4). A vector
#' can be used (different values for different rhos).
#' @param n_cores Number of cores to use for simulation. Defaults to 1. Under
#' Windows only 1 core is supported because forking is used.
#' @param pop_size Population size (defaults to 1e6). This is the size of the
#' population from which value pairs for correlations are drawn. This value should
#' usually not be decreased as it can lead to less accurate results.
#' @param replace Whether drawing samples is with replacement or not. Default is TRUE,
#' which usually should not be changed. This parameter is mainly of interest for
#' researchers studying the method in more detail. A vector can be used (different
#' values for different rhos).
#' @param precision_relative Relative precision around the correlation
#' (rho+-rho*precision), if set, it will overwrite precision_absolute. A vector can
#' be used (different values for different rhos).
#' @param lower_limit Lower limit of corridor, overrides precision parameters. A vector
#' can be used (different values for different rhos). If used, upper_limit must also
#' be set.
#' @param upper_limit Upper limit of corridor, overrides precision parameters. A vector
#' can be used (different values for different rhos). If used, lower_limit must also
#' be set.
#' @param progress Should progress bar be displayed? Logical, default is to show
#' progress when run in interactive mode.
#' @param precision `r lifecycle::badge("deprecated")`, use precision_absolute instead
#' @param precision_rel `r lifecycle::badge("deprecated")`, use precision_relative
#' instead
#' @param rhos `r lifecycle::badge("deprecated")`, use rho instead
#' @return A data frame containing all the above information, as well as the critical
#' points of stability.
#'
#' The critical points of stability follow directly after the first column (rho)
#' and are named pos.confidence-level, e.g. pos.80, pos.90, pos.95 for the
#' default confidence levels.
#'
#' @examples
#' find_critical_pos(rho = 0.5, n_studies = 1e3)
#' find_critical_pos(rho = c(0.4, 0.5), n_studies = 1e3)
#' @export
#' @importFrom lifecycle deprecated is_present deprecate_warn badge
#' @importFrom plyr ldply
find_critical_pos <- function(rho,
precision_absolute = 0.1,
confidence_levels = c(.8, .9, .95),
sample_size_min = 20,
sample_size_max = 1e3,
n_studies = 1e4,
n_cores = 1,
pop_size = 1e6,
replace = TRUE,
precision_relative = NA,
lower_limit = NA,
upper_limit = NA,
progress = show_progress(),
precision = lifecycle::deprecated(),
precision_rel = lifecycle::deprecated(),
rhos = lifecycle::deprecated()) {
if (.Platform$OS.type == "windows" & n_cores > 1) {
n_cores <- 1
warnings("On Windows only one core can be used. Sorry.")
}
if (lifecycle::is_present(precision)) {
lifecycle::deprecate_warn(
when = "0.6.0",
what = "find_critical_pos(precision)",
details = "find_critical_pos(precision_absolute)"
)
precision_absolute <- precision
}
if (lifecycle::is_present(rhos)) {
lifecycle::deprecate_warn(
when = "0.6.0",
what = "find_critical_pos(rhos)",
details = "find_critical_pos(rho)"
)
rho <- rhos
}
if (lifecycle::is_present(precision_rel)) {
lifecycle::deprecate_warn(
when = "0.6.0",
what = "find_critical_pos(precision_rel)",
details = "Use precision_relative instead. Note that precision_relative takes a numeric value, not a logical!"
)
precision_relative <- precision_absolute
}
result <- mapply(find_one_critical_pos,
rho = rho,
sample_size_max = sample_size_max,
sample_size_min = sample_size_min,
n_studies = n_studies,
precision_absolute = precision_absolute,
precision_relative = precision_relative,
lower_limit = lower_limit,
upper_limit = upper_limit,
MoreArgs = list(confidence_levels = confidence_levels,
n_cores = n_cores,
pop_size = pop_size,
progress = progress),
SIMPLIFY = FALSE)
summary <- lapply(result, function(x) x[[1]])
summary <- plyr::ldply(summary)
sum_n_not_breached <- sum(summary$n_not_breached)
if (sum_n_not_breached > 0) {
warning("\n", sum_n_not_breached,
" simulation[s] did not reach the corridor of stability",
".\nIncrease sample_size_max and rerun the simulation.",
sep = "")
}
summary
}
.onUnload <- function(libpath) {
library.dynam.unload("fastpos", libpath)
}
#' @importFrom tibble lst
create_corridor_absolute <- function(rho, precision_absolute,
precision_relative,
lower_limit,
upper_limit) {
limits <- rho + c(-1, 1) * precision_absolute
precision_relative <- NA
lower_limit <- limits[1]
upper_limit <- limits[2]
return(tibble::lst(lower_limit, upper_limit, precision_absolute,
precision_relative))
}
#' @importFrom tibble lst
create_corridor_relative <- function(rho, precision_absolute,
precision_relative, lower_limit,
upper_limit) {
limits <- rho * (1 + c(-1, 1) * precision_relative)
precision_absolute <- NA
lower_limit <- limits[1]
upper_limit <- limits[2]
return(tibble::lst(lower_limit, upper_limit, precision_absolute,
precision_relative))
}
#' @importFrom tibble lst
create_corridor_manual <- function(rho, precision_absolute,
precision_relative, lower_limit,
upper_limit) {
precision_absolute <- NA
precision_relative <- NA
return(tibble::lst(lower_limit, upper_limit, precision_absolute,
precision_relative))
}
#' @importFrom tibble lst
create_corridor_error <- function() {
stop("Your corridor parameters are not correct. Either specify precision_absolute, precision_relative, or lower_limit AND upper_limit")
}
choose_corridor_function <- function(precision_absolute,
precision_relative,
lower_limit, upper_limit) {
args <- as.numeric(c(precision_absolute, precision_relative, lower_limit,
upper_limit))
df <- expand.grid(0:1, 0:1, 0:1, 0:1)
cases <- apply(df, 1, paste0, collapse = "")
case <- which(cases == paste(args, collapse = ""))
f <- rep_f(length(cases), create_corridor_error)
f[13:16] <- rep_f(4, create_corridor_manual)
f[[2]] <- create_corridor_absolute
f[3:4] <- rep_f(2, create_corridor_relative)
f[[case]]
}
rep_f <- function(n, f) {
lapply(1:n, function(x) f)
}
show_progress <- function() {
# it is also possible to use isatty(stdout) and Sys.getenv("RSTUDIO"), which is 1
# when RSTUDIO is used
progress <- interactive()
return(progress)
}
Any scripts or data that you put into this service are public.
Add the following code to your website.
For more information on customizing the embed code, read Embedding Snippets.