theme: Modify components of a theme
In ggplot2: Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics
theme R Documentation
Modify components of a theme
Description
Themes are a powerful way to customize the non-data components of your plots:
i.e. titles, labels, fonts, background, gridlines, and legends. Themes can be
used to give plots a consistent customized look. Modify a single plot's theme
using theme(); see theme_update() if you want modify the active theme, to
affect all subsequent plots. Use the themes available in complete themes if you would like to use a complete theme such as
theme_bw(), theme_minimal(), and more. Theme elements are documented
together according to inheritance, read more about theme inheritance below.
Usage
theme(
...,
line,
rect,
text,
title,
aspect.ratio,
axis.title,
axis.title.x,
axis.title.x.top,
axis.title.x.bottom,
axis.title.y,
axis.title.y.left,
axis.title.y.right,
axis.text,
axis.text.x,
axis.text.x.top,
axis.text.x.bottom,
axis.text.y,
axis.text.y.left,
axis.text.y.right,
axis.text.theta,
axis.text.r,
axis.ticks,
axis.ticks.x,
axis.ticks.x.top,
axis.ticks.x.bottom,
axis.ticks.y,
axis.ticks.y.left,
axis.ticks.y.right,
axis.ticks.theta,
axis.ticks.r,
axis.minor.ticks.x.top,
axis.minor.ticks.x.bottom,
axis.minor.ticks.y.left,
axis.minor.ticks.y.right,
axis.minor.ticks.theta,
axis.minor.ticks.r,
axis.ticks.length,
axis.ticks.length.x,
axis.ticks.length.x.top,
axis.ticks.length.x.bottom,
axis.ticks.length.y,
axis.ticks.length.y.left,
axis.ticks.length.y.right,
axis.ticks.length.theta,
axis.ticks.length.r,
axis.minor.ticks.length,
axis.minor.ticks.length.x,
axis.minor.ticks.length.x.top,
axis.minor.ticks.length.x.bottom,
axis.minor.ticks.length.y,
axis.minor.ticks.length.y.left,
axis.minor.ticks.length.y.right,
axis.minor.ticks.length.theta,
axis.minor.ticks.length.r,
axis.line,
axis.line.x,
axis.line.x.top,
axis.line.x.bottom,
axis.line.y,
axis.line.y.left,
axis.line.y.right,
axis.line.theta,
axis.line.r,
legend.background,
legend.margin,
legend.spacing,
legend.spacing.x,
legend.spacing.y,
legend.key,
legend.key.size,
legend.key.height,
legend.key.width,
legend.key.spacing,
legend.key.spacing.x,
legend.key.spacing.y,
legend.frame,
legend.ticks,
legend.ticks.length,
legend.axis.line,
legend.text,
legend.text.position,
legend.title,
legend.title.position,
legend.position,
legend.position.inside,
legend.direction,
legend.byrow,
legend.justification,
legend.justification.top,
legend.justification.bottom,
legend.justification.left,
legend.justification.right,
legend.justification.inside,
legend.location,
legend.box,
legend.box.just,
legend.box.margin,
legend.box.background,
legend.box.spacing,
panel.background,
panel.border,
panel.spacing,
panel.spacing.x,
panel.spacing.y,
panel.grid,
panel.grid.major,
panel.grid.minor,
panel.grid.major.x,
panel.grid.major.y,
panel.grid.minor.x,
panel.grid.minor.y,
panel.ontop,
plot.background,
plot.title,
plot.title.position,
plot.subtitle,
plot.caption,
plot.caption.position,
plot.tag,
plot.tag.position,
plot.tag.location,
plot.margin,
strip.background,
strip.background.x,
strip.background.y,
strip.clip,
strip.placement,
strip.text,
strip.text.x,
strip.text.x.bottom,
strip.text.x.top,
strip.text.y,
strip.text.y.left,
strip.text.y.right,
strip.switch.pad.grid,
strip.switch.pad.wrap,
complete = FALSE,
validate = TRUE
)
Arguments
...
additional element specifications not part of base ggplot2. In general,
these should also be defined in the element tree argument. Splicing a list is also supported.
line
all line elements (element_line())
rect
all rectangular elements (element_rect())
text
all text elements (element_text())
title
all title elements: plot, axes, legends (element_text();
inherits from text)
aspect.ratio
aspect ratio of the panel
axis.title, axis.title.x, axis.title.y, axis.title.x.top, axis.title.x.bottom, axis.title.y.left, axis.title.y.right
labels of axes (element_text()). Specify all axes' labels (axis.title),
labels by plane (using axis.title.x or axis.title.y), or individually
for each axis (using axis.title.x.bottom, axis.title.x.top,
axis.title.y.left, axis.title.y.right). axis.title.*.* inherits from
axis.title.* which inherits from axis.title, which in turn inherits
from text
axis.text, axis.text.x, axis.text.y, axis.text.x.top, axis.text.x.bottom, axis.text.y.left, axis.text.y.right, axis.text.theta, axis.text.r
tick labels along axes (element_text()). Specify all axis tick labels (axis.text),
tick labels by plane (using axis.text.x or axis.text.y), or individually
for each axis (using axis.text.x.bottom, axis.text.x.top,
axis.text.y.left, axis.text.y.right). axis.text.*.* inherits from
axis.text.* which inherits from axis.text, which in turn inherits
from text
axis.ticks, axis.ticks.x, axis.ticks.x.top, axis.ticks.x.bottom, axis.ticks.y, axis.ticks.y.left, axis.ticks.y.right, axis.ticks.theta, axis.ticks.r
tick marks along axes (element_line()). Specify all tick marks (axis.ticks),
ticks by plane (using axis.ticks.x or axis.ticks.y), or individually
for each axis (using axis.ticks.x.bottom, axis.ticks.x.top,
axis.ticks.y.left, axis.ticks.y.right). axis.ticks.*.* inherits from
axis.ticks.* which inherits from axis.ticks, which in turn inherits
from line
axis.minor.ticks.x.top, axis.minor.ticks.x.bottom, axis.minor.ticks.y.left, axis.minor.ticks.y.right, axis.minor.ticks.theta, axis.minor.ticks.r
minor tick marks along axes (element_line()). axis.minor.ticks.*.*
inherit from the corresponding major ticks axis.ticks.*.*.
axis.ticks.length, axis.ticks.length.x, axis.ticks.length.x.top, axis.ticks.length.x.bottom, axis.ticks.length.y, axis.ticks.length.y.left, axis.ticks.length.y.right, axis.ticks.length.theta, axis.ticks.length.r
length of tick marks (unit)
axis.minor.ticks.length, axis.minor.ticks.length.x, axis.minor.ticks.length.x.top, axis.minor.ticks.length.x.bottom, axis.minor.ticks.length.y, axis.minor.ticks.length.y.left, axis.minor.ticks.length.y.right, axis.minor.ticks.length.theta, axis.minor.ticks.length.r
length of minor tick marks (unit), or relative to axis.ticks.length when provided with rel().
axis.line, axis.line.x, axis.line.x.top, axis.line.x.bottom, axis.line.y, axis.line.y.left, axis.line.y.right, axis.line.theta, axis.line.r
lines along axes (element_line()). Specify lines along all axes (axis.line),
lines for each plane (using axis.line.x or axis.line.y), or individually
for each axis (using axis.line.x.bottom, axis.line.x.top,
axis.line.y.left, axis.line.y.right). axis.line.*.* inherits from
axis.line.* which inherits from axis.line, which in turn inherits
from line
legend.background
background of legend (element_rect(); inherits
from rect)
legend.margin
the margin around each legend (margin())
legend.spacing, legend.spacing.x, legend.spacing.y
the spacing between legends (unit). legend.spacing.x & legend.spacing.y
inherit from legend.spacing or can be specified separately
legend.key
background underneath legend keys (element_rect();
inherits from rect)
legend.key.size, legend.key.height, legend.key.width
size of legend keys (unit); key background height & width inherit from
legend.key.size or can be specified separately
legend.key.spacing, legend.key.spacing.x, legend.key.spacing.y
spacing
between legend keys given as a unit. Spacing in the horizontal (x) and
vertical (y) direction inherit from legend.key.spacing or can be
specified separately.
legend.frame
frame drawn around the bar (element_rect()).
legend.ticks
tick marks shown along bars or axes (element_line())
legend.ticks.length
length of tick marks in legend (unit)
legend.axis.line
lines along axes in legends (element_line())
legend.text
legend item labels (element_text(); inherits from
text)
legend.text.position
placement of legend text relative to legend keys
or bars ("top", "right", "bottom" or "left"). The legend text placement
might be incompatible with the legend's direction for some guides.
legend.title
title of legend (element_text(); inherits from
title)
legend.title.position
placement of legend title relative to the main
legend ("top", "right", "bottom" or "left").
legend.position
the default position of legends ("none", "left",
"right", "bottom", "top", "inside")
legend.position.inside
A numeric vector of length two setting the
placement of legends that have the "inside" position.
legend.direction
layout of items in legends ("horizontal" or
"vertical")
legend.byrow
whether the legend-matrix is filled by columns
(FALSE, the default) or by rows (TRUE).
legend.justification
anchor point for positioning legend inside plot
("center" or two-element numeric vector) or the justification according to
the plot area when positioned outside the plot
legend.justification.top, legend.justification.bottom, legend.justification.left, legend.justification.right, legend.justification.inside
Same as legend.justification but specified per legend.position option.
legend.location
Relative placement of legends outside the plot as a
string. Can be "panel" (default) to align legends to the panels or
"plot" to align legends to the plot as a whole.
legend.box
arrangement of multiple legends ("horizontal" or
"vertical")
legend.box.just
justification of each legend within the overall
bounding box, when there are multiple legends ("top", "bottom", "left", or
"right")
legend.box.margin
margins around the full legend area, as specified
using margin()
legend.box.background
background of legend area (element_rect();
inherits from rect)
legend.box.spacing
The spacing between the plotting area and the
legend box (unit)
panel.background
background of plotting area, drawn underneath plot
(element_rect(); inherits from rect)
panel.border
border around plotting area, drawn on top of plot so that
it covers tick marks and grid lines. This should be used with
fill = NA
(element_rect(); inherits from rect)
panel.spacing, panel.spacing.x, panel.spacing.y
spacing between facet
panels (unit). panel.spacing.x & panel.spacing.y inherit from panel.spacing
or can be specified separately.
panel.grid, panel.grid.major, panel.grid.minor, panel.grid.major.x, panel.grid.major.y, panel.grid.minor.x, panel.grid.minor.y
grid lines (element_line()). Specify major grid lines,
or minor grid lines separately (using panel.grid.major or panel.grid.minor)
or individually for each axis (using panel.grid.major.x, panel.grid.minor.x,
panel.grid.major.y, panel.grid.minor.y). Y axis grid lines are horizontal
and x axis grid lines are vertical. panel.grid.*.* inherits from
panel.grid.* which inherits from panel.grid, which in turn inherits
from line
panel.ontop
option to place the panel (background, gridlines) over
the data layers (logical). Usually used with a transparent or blank
panel.background.
plot.background
background of the entire plot (element_rect();
inherits from rect)
plot.title
plot title (text appearance) (element_text(); inherits
from title) left-aligned by default
plot.title.position, plot.caption.position
Alignment of the plot title/subtitle
and caption. The setting for plot.title.position applies to both
the title and the subtitle. A value of "panel" (the default) means that
titles and/or caption are aligned to the plot panels. A value of "plot" means
that titles and/or caption are aligned to the entire plot (minus any space
for margins and plot tag).
plot.subtitle
plot subtitle (text appearance) (element_text();
inherits from title) left-aligned by default
plot.caption
caption below the plot (text appearance)
(element_text(); inherits from title) right-aligned by default
plot.tag
upper-left label to identify a plot (text appearance)
(element_text(); inherits from title) left-aligned by default
plot.tag.position
The position of the tag as a string ("topleft",
"top", "topright", "left", "right", "bottomleft", "bottom", "bottomright")
or a coordinate. If a coordinate, can be a numeric vector of length 2 to
set the x,y-coordinate relative to the whole plot. The coordinate option
is unavailable for plot.tag.location = "margin".
plot.tag.location
The placement of the tag as a string, one of
"panel", "plot" or "margin". Respectively, these will place the tag
inside the panel space, anywhere in the plot as a whole, or in the margin
around the panel space.
plot.margin
margin around entire plot (unit with the sizes of
the top, right, bottom, and left margins)
strip.background, strip.background.x, strip.background.y
background of facet labels (element_rect();
inherits from rect). Horizontal facet background (strip.background.x)
& vertical facet background (strip.background.y) inherit from
strip.background or can be specified separately
strip.clip
should strip background edges and strip labels be clipped
to the extend of the strip background? Options are "on" to clip, "off"
to disable clipping or "inherit" (default) to take the clipping setting
from the parent viewport.
strip.placement
placement of strip with respect to axes,
either "inside" or "outside". Only important when axes and strips are
on the same side of the plot.
strip.text, strip.text.x, strip.text.y, strip.text.x.top, strip.text.x.bottom, strip.text.y.left, strip.text.y.right
facet labels (element_text(); inherits from text). Horizontal facet labels (strip.text.x) & vertical
facet labels (strip.text.y) inherit from strip.text or can be specified
separately. Facet strips have dedicated position-dependent theme elements
(strip.text.x.top, strip.text.x.bottom, strip.text.y.left, strip.text.y.right)
that inherit from strip.text.x and strip.text.y, respectively.
As a consequence, some theme stylings need to be applied to
the position-dependent elements rather than to the parent elements
strip.switch.pad.grid
space between strips and axes when strips are
switched (unit)
strip.switch.pad.wrap
space between strips and axes when strips are
switched (unit)
complete
set this to TRUE if this is a complete theme, such as
the one returned by theme_grey(). Complete themes behave
differently when added to a ggplot object. Also, when setting
complete = TRUE all elements will be set to inherit from blank
elements.
validate
TRUE to run validate_element(), FALSE to bypass checks.
Theme inheritance
Theme elements inherit properties from other theme elements hierarchically.
For example, axis.title.x.bottom inherits from axis.title.x which inherits
from axis.title, which in turn inherits from text. All text elements inherit
directly or indirectly from text; all lines inherit from
line, and all rectangular objects inherit from rect.
This means that you can modify the appearance of multiple elements by
setting a single high-level component.
Learn more about setting these aesthetics in vignette("ggplot2-specs").
See Also
+.gg() and %+replace%,
element_blank(), element_line(),
element_rect(), and element_text() for
details of the specific theme elements.
The modifying theme components and theme elements sections of the online ggplot2 book.
Examples
p1 <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) +
geom_point() +
labs(title = "Fuel economy declines as weight increases")
p1
# Plot ---------------------------------------------------------------------
p1 + theme(plot.title = element_text(size = rel(2)))
p1 + theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "green"))
# Panels --------------------------------------------------------------------
p1 + theme(panel.background = element_rect(fill = "white", colour = "grey50"))
p1 + theme(panel.border = element_rect(linetype = "dashed", fill = NA))
p1 + theme(panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "black"))
p1 + theme(
panel.grid.major.y = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.y = element_blank()
)
# Put gridlines on top of data
p1 + theme(
panel.background = element_rect(fill = NA),
panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "grey50"),
panel.ontop = TRUE
)
# Axes ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Change styles of axes texts and lines
p1 + theme(axis.line = element_line(linewidth = 3, colour = "grey80"))
p1 + theme(axis.text = element_text(colour = "blue"))
p1 + theme(axis.ticks = element_line(linewidth = 2))
# Change the appearance of the y-axis title
p1 + theme(axis.title.y = element_text(size = rel(1.5), angle = 90))
# Make ticks point outwards on y-axis and inwards on x-axis
p1 + theme(
axis.ticks.length.y = unit(.25, "cm"),
axis.ticks.length.x = unit(-.25, "cm"),
axis.text.x = element_text(margin = margin(t = .3, unit = "cm"))
)
# Legend --------------------------------------------------------------------
p2 <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) +
geom_point(aes(colour = factor(cyl), shape = factor(vs))) +
labs(
x = "Weight (1000 lbs)",
y = "Fuel economy (mpg)",
colour = "Cylinders",
shape = "Transmission"
)
p2
# Position
p2 + theme(legend.position = "none")
p2 + theme(legend.justification = "top")
p2 + theme(legend.position = "bottom")
# Or place legends inside the plot using relative coordinates between 0 and 1
# legend.justification sets the corner that the position refers to
p2 + theme(
legend.position = "inside",
legend.position.inside = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)
)
# The legend.box properties work similarly for the space around
# all the legends
p2 + theme(
legend.box.background = element_rect(),
legend.box.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)
)
# You can also control the display of the keys
# and the justification related to the plot area can be set
p2 + theme(legend.key = element_rect(fill = "white", colour = "black"))
p2 + theme(legend.text = element_text(size = 8, colour = "red"))
p2 + theme(legend.title = element_text(face = "bold"))
# Strips --------------------------------------------------------------------
p3 <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) +
geom_point() +
facet_wrap(~ cyl)
p3
p3 + theme(strip.background = element_rect(colour = "black", fill = "white"))
p3 + theme(strip.text.x = element_text(colour = "white", face = "bold"))
# More direct strip.text.x here for top
# as in the facet_wrap the default strip.position is "top"
p3 + theme(strip.text.x.top = element_text(colour = "white", face = "bold"))
p3 + theme(panel.spacing = unit(1, "lines"))
ggplot2 documentation built on June 22, 2024, 11:35 a.m.
R Package Documentation
Browse R Packages
We want your feedback!
Note that we can't provide technical support on individual packages. You should contact the package authors for that.
| theme | R Documentation |
Modify components of a theme
Description
Themes are a powerful way to customize the non-data components of your plots:
i.e. titles, labels, fonts, background, gridlines, and legends. Themes can be
used to give plots a consistent customized look. Modify a single plot's theme
using theme(); see theme_update() if you want modify the active theme, to
affect all subsequent plots. Use the themes available in complete themes if you would like to use a complete theme such as
theme_bw(), theme_minimal(), and more. Theme elements are documented
together according to inheritance, read more about theme inheritance below.
Usage
theme(
...,
line,
rect,
text,
title,
aspect.ratio,
axis.title,
axis.title.x,
axis.title.x.top,
axis.title.x.bottom,
axis.title.y,
axis.title.y.left,
axis.title.y.right,
axis.text,
axis.text.x,
axis.text.x.top,
axis.text.x.bottom,
axis.text.y,
axis.text.y.left,
axis.text.y.right,
axis.text.theta,
axis.text.r,
axis.ticks,
axis.ticks.x,
axis.ticks.x.top,
axis.ticks.x.bottom,
axis.ticks.y,
axis.ticks.y.left,
axis.ticks.y.right,
axis.ticks.theta,
axis.ticks.r,
axis.minor.ticks.x.top,
axis.minor.ticks.x.bottom,
axis.minor.ticks.y.left,
axis.minor.ticks.y.right,
axis.minor.ticks.theta,
axis.minor.ticks.r,
axis.ticks.length,
axis.ticks.length.x,
axis.ticks.length.x.top,
axis.ticks.length.x.bottom,
axis.ticks.length.y,
axis.ticks.length.y.left,
axis.ticks.length.y.right,
axis.ticks.length.theta,
axis.ticks.length.r,
axis.minor.ticks.length,
axis.minor.ticks.length.x,
axis.minor.ticks.length.x.top,
axis.minor.ticks.length.x.bottom,
axis.minor.ticks.length.y,
axis.minor.ticks.length.y.left,
axis.minor.ticks.length.y.right,
axis.minor.ticks.length.theta,
axis.minor.ticks.length.r,
axis.line,
axis.line.x,
axis.line.x.top,
axis.line.x.bottom,
axis.line.y,
axis.line.y.left,
axis.line.y.right,
axis.line.theta,
axis.line.r,
legend.background,
legend.margin,
legend.spacing,
legend.spacing.x,
legend.spacing.y,
legend.key,
legend.key.size,
legend.key.height,
legend.key.width,
legend.key.spacing,
legend.key.spacing.x,
legend.key.spacing.y,
legend.frame,
legend.ticks,
legend.ticks.length,
legend.axis.line,
legend.text,
legend.text.position,
legend.title,
legend.title.position,
legend.position,
legend.position.inside,
legend.direction,
legend.byrow,
legend.justification,
legend.justification.top,
legend.justification.bottom,
legend.justification.left,
legend.justification.right,
legend.justification.inside,
legend.location,
legend.box,
legend.box.just,
legend.box.margin,
legend.box.background,
legend.box.spacing,
panel.background,
panel.border,
panel.spacing,
panel.spacing.x,
panel.spacing.y,
panel.grid,
panel.grid.major,
panel.grid.minor,
panel.grid.major.x,
panel.grid.major.y,
panel.grid.minor.x,
panel.grid.minor.y,
panel.ontop,
plot.background,
plot.title,
plot.title.position,
plot.subtitle,
plot.caption,
plot.caption.position,
plot.tag,
plot.tag.position,
plot.tag.location,
plot.margin,
strip.background,
strip.background.x,
strip.background.y,
strip.clip,
strip.placement,
strip.text,
strip.text.x,
strip.text.x.bottom,
strip.text.x.top,
strip.text.y,
strip.text.y.left,
strip.text.y.right,
strip.switch.pad.grid,
strip.switch.pad.wrap,
complete = FALSE,
validate = TRUE
)
Arguments
... |
additional element specifications not part of base ggplot2. In general,
these should also be defined in the |
line |
all line elements ( |
rect |
all rectangular elements ( |
text |
all text elements ( |
title |
all title elements: plot, axes, legends ( |
aspect.ratio |
aspect ratio of the panel |
axis.title, axis.title.x, axis.title.y, axis.title.x.top, axis.title.x.bottom, axis.title.y.left, axis.title.y.right |
labels of axes ( |
axis.text, axis.text.x, axis.text.y, axis.text.x.top, axis.text.x.bottom, axis.text.y.left, axis.text.y.right, axis.text.theta, axis.text.r |
tick labels along axes ( |
axis.ticks, axis.ticks.x, axis.ticks.x.top, axis.ticks.x.bottom, axis.ticks.y, axis.ticks.y.left, axis.ticks.y.right, axis.ticks.theta, axis.ticks.r |
tick marks along axes ( |
axis.minor.ticks.x.top, axis.minor.ticks.x.bottom, axis.minor.ticks.y.left, axis.minor.ticks.y.right, axis.minor.ticks.theta, axis.minor.ticks.r |
minor tick marks along axes ( |
axis.ticks.length, axis.ticks.length.x, axis.ticks.length.x.top, axis.ticks.length.x.bottom, axis.ticks.length.y, axis.ticks.length.y.left, axis.ticks.length.y.right, axis.ticks.length.theta, axis.ticks.length.r |
length of tick marks ( |
axis.minor.ticks.length, axis.minor.ticks.length.x, axis.minor.ticks.length.x.top, axis.minor.ticks.length.x.bottom, axis.minor.ticks.length.y, axis.minor.ticks.length.y.left, axis.minor.ticks.length.y.right, axis.minor.ticks.length.theta, axis.minor.ticks.length.r |
length of minor tick marks ( |
axis.line, axis.line.x, axis.line.x.top, axis.line.x.bottom, axis.line.y, axis.line.y.left, axis.line.y.right, axis.line.theta, axis.line.r |
lines along axes ( |
legend.background |
background of legend ( |
legend.margin |
the margin around each legend ( |
legend.spacing, legend.spacing.x, legend.spacing.y |
the spacing between legends ( |
legend.key |
background underneath legend keys ( |
legend.key.size, legend.key.height, legend.key.width |
size of legend keys ( |
legend.key.spacing, legend.key.spacing.x, legend.key.spacing.y |
spacing
between legend keys given as a |
legend.frame |
frame drawn around the bar ( |
legend.ticks |
tick marks shown along bars or axes ( |
legend.ticks.length |
length of tick marks in legend ( |
legend.axis.line |
lines along axes in legends ( |
legend.text |
legend item labels ( |
legend.text.position |
placement of legend text relative to legend keys or bars ("top", "right", "bottom" or "left"). The legend text placement might be incompatible with the legend's direction for some guides. |
legend.title |
title of legend ( |
legend.title.position |
placement of legend title relative to the main legend ("top", "right", "bottom" or "left"). |
legend.position |
the default position of legends ("none", "left", "right", "bottom", "top", "inside") |
legend.position.inside |
A numeric vector of length two setting the
placement of legends that have the |
legend.direction |
layout of items in legends ("horizontal" or "vertical") |
legend.byrow |
whether the legend-matrix is filled by columns
( |
legend.justification |
anchor point for positioning legend inside plot ("center" or two-element numeric vector) or the justification according to the plot area when positioned outside the plot |
legend.justification.top, legend.justification.bottom, legend.justification.left, legend.justification.right, legend.justification.inside |
Same as |
legend.location |
Relative placement of legends outside the plot as a
string. Can be |
legend.box |
arrangement of multiple legends ("horizontal" or "vertical") |
legend.box.just |
justification of each legend within the overall bounding box, when there are multiple legends ("top", "bottom", "left", or "right") |
legend.box.margin |
margins around the full legend area, as specified
using |
legend.box.background |
background of legend area ( |
legend.box.spacing |
The spacing between the plotting area and the
legend box ( |
panel.background |
background of plotting area, drawn underneath plot
( |
panel.border |
border around plotting area, drawn on top of plot so that
it covers tick marks and grid lines. This should be used with
|
panel.spacing, panel.spacing.x, panel.spacing.y |
spacing between facet
panels ( |
panel.grid, panel.grid.major, panel.grid.minor, panel.grid.major.x, panel.grid.major.y, panel.grid.minor.x, panel.grid.minor.y |
grid lines ( |
panel.ontop |
option to place the panel (background, gridlines) over
the data layers ( |
plot.background |
background of the entire plot ( |
plot.title |
plot title (text appearance) ( |
plot.title.position, plot.caption.position |
Alignment of the plot title/subtitle
and caption. The setting for |
plot.subtitle |
plot subtitle (text appearance) ( |
plot.caption |
caption below the plot (text appearance)
( |
plot.tag |
upper-left label to identify a plot (text appearance)
( |
plot.tag.position |
The position of the tag as a string ("topleft",
"top", "topright", "left", "right", "bottomleft", "bottom", "bottomright")
or a coordinate. If a coordinate, can be a numeric vector of length 2 to
set the x,y-coordinate relative to the whole plot. The coordinate option
is unavailable for |
plot.tag.location |
The placement of the tag as a string, one of
|
plot.margin |
margin around entire plot ( |
strip.background, strip.background.x, strip.background.y |
background of facet labels ( |
strip.clip |
should strip background edges and strip labels be clipped
to the extend of the strip background? Options are |
strip.placement |
placement of strip with respect to axes, either "inside" or "outside". Only important when axes and strips are on the same side of the plot. |
strip.text, strip.text.x, strip.text.y, strip.text.x.top, strip.text.x.bottom, strip.text.y.left, strip.text.y.right |
facet labels ( |
strip.switch.pad.grid |
space between strips and axes when strips are
switched ( |
strip.switch.pad.wrap |
space between strips and axes when strips are
switched ( |
complete |
set this to |
validate |
|
Theme inheritance
Theme elements inherit properties from other theme elements hierarchically.
For example, axis.title.x.bottom inherits from axis.title.x which inherits
from axis.title, which in turn inherits from text. All text elements inherit
directly or indirectly from text; all lines inherit from
line, and all rectangular objects inherit from rect.
This means that you can modify the appearance of multiple elements by
setting a single high-level component.
Learn more about setting these aesthetics in vignette("ggplot2-specs").
See Also
+.gg() and %+replace%,
element_blank(), element_line(),
element_rect(), and element_text() for
details of the specific theme elements.
The modifying theme components and theme elements sections of the online ggplot2 book.
Examples
p1 <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) +
geom_point() +
labs(title = "Fuel economy declines as weight increases")
p1
# Plot ---------------------------------------------------------------------
p1 + theme(plot.title = element_text(size = rel(2)))
p1 + theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "green"))
# Panels --------------------------------------------------------------------
p1 + theme(panel.background = element_rect(fill = "white", colour = "grey50"))
p1 + theme(panel.border = element_rect(linetype = "dashed", fill = NA))
p1 + theme(panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "black"))
p1 + theme(
panel.grid.major.y = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.y = element_blank()
)
# Put gridlines on top of data
p1 + theme(
panel.background = element_rect(fill = NA),
panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "grey50"),
panel.ontop = TRUE
)
# Axes ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Change styles of axes texts and lines
p1 + theme(axis.line = element_line(linewidth = 3, colour = "grey80"))
p1 + theme(axis.text = element_text(colour = "blue"))
p1 + theme(axis.ticks = element_line(linewidth = 2))
# Change the appearance of the y-axis title
p1 + theme(axis.title.y = element_text(size = rel(1.5), angle = 90))
# Make ticks point outwards on y-axis and inwards on x-axis
p1 + theme(
axis.ticks.length.y = unit(.25, "cm"),
axis.ticks.length.x = unit(-.25, "cm"),
axis.text.x = element_text(margin = margin(t = .3, unit = "cm"))
)
# Legend --------------------------------------------------------------------
p2 <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) +
geom_point(aes(colour = factor(cyl), shape = factor(vs))) +
labs(
x = "Weight (1000 lbs)",
y = "Fuel economy (mpg)",
colour = "Cylinders",
shape = "Transmission"
)
p2
# Position
p2 + theme(legend.position = "none")
p2 + theme(legend.justification = "top")
p2 + theme(legend.position = "bottom")
# Or place legends inside the plot using relative coordinates between 0 and 1
# legend.justification sets the corner that the position refers to
p2 + theme(
legend.position = "inside",
legend.position.inside = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)
)
# The legend.box properties work similarly for the space around
# all the legends
p2 + theme(
legend.box.background = element_rect(),
legend.box.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)
)
# You can also control the display of the keys
# and the justification related to the plot area can be set
p2 + theme(legend.key = element_rect(fill = "white", colour = "black"))
p2 + theme(legend.text = element_text(size = 8, colour = "red"))
p2 + theme(legend.title = element_text(face = "bold"))
# Strips --------------------------------------------------------------------
p3 <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) +
geom_point() +
facet_wrap(~ cyl)
p3
p3 + theme(strip.background = element_rect(colour = "black", fill = "white"))
p3 + theme(strip.text.x = element_text(colour = "white", face = "bold"))
# More direct strip.text.x here for top
# as in the facet_wrap the default strip.position is "top"
p3 + theme(strip.text.x.top = element_text(colour = "white", face = "bold"))
p3 + theme(panel.spacing = unit(1, "lines"))
R Package Documentation
Browse R Packages
We want your feedback!
Note that we can't provide technical support on individual packages. You should contact the package authors for that.
Embedding an R snippet on your website
Add the following code to your website.
For more information on customizing the embed code, read Embedding Snippets.