kd: Generate data via the Kaiser-Dickman (1962) algorithm.

In semTools: Useful Tools for Structural Equation Modeling

Generate data via the Kaiser-Dickman (1962) algorithm.

Description

Given a covariance matrix and sample size, generate raw data that correspond to the covariance matrix. Data can be generated to match the covariance matrix exactly, or to be a sample from the population covariance matrix.

Usage

kd(covmat, n, type = c("exact", "sample"))

Arguments

covmat	a symmetric, positive definite covariance matrix
n	the sample size for the data that will be generated
type	type of data generation. exact generates data that exactly correspond to covmat. sample treats covmat as a poulation covariance matrix, generating a sample of size n.

Details

By default, R's cov() function divides by n-1. The data generated by this algorithm result in a covariance matrix that matches covmat, but you must divide by n instead of n-1.

Value

kd returns a data matrix of dimension n by nrow(covmat).

Author(s)

Ed Merkle (University of Missouri; [e-mail])

References

Kaiser, H. F. and Dickman, K. (1962). Sample and population score matrices and sample correlation matrices from an arbitrary population correlation matrix. Psychometrika, 27(2), 179–182. \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1007/BF02289635")}

Examples

#### First Example

## Get data
dat <- HolzingerSwineford1939[ , 7:15]
hs.n <- nrow(dat)

## Covariance matrix divided by n
hscov <- ((hs.n-1)/hs.n) * cov(dat)

## Generate new, raw data corresponding to hscov
newdat <- kd(hscov, hs.n)

## Difference between new covariance matrix and hscov is minimal
newcov <- (hs.n-1)/hs.n * cov(newdat)
summary(as.numeric(hscov - newcov))

## Generate sample data, treating hscov as population matrix
newdat2 <- kd(hscov, hs.n, type = "sample")

#### Another example

## Define a covariance matrix
covmat <- matrix(0, 3, 3)
diag(covmat) <- 1.5
covmat[2:3,1] <- c(1.3, 1.7)
covmat[3,2] <- 2.1
covmat <- covmat + t(covmat)

## Generate data of size 300 that have this covariance matrix
rawdat <- kd(covmat, 300)

## Covariances are exact if we compute sample covariance matrix by
## dividing by n (vs by n - 1)
summary(as.numeric((299/300)*cov(rawdat) - covmat))

## Generate data of size 300 where covmat is the population covariance matrix
rawdat2 <- kd(covmat, 300)

semTools documentation built on April 3, 2025, 9:23 p.m.