# AutoQuant is a package for quickly creating high quality visualizations under a common and easy api.
# Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
# published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
# License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#' @title AutoH2oGAMMultiClass
#'
#' @description AutoH2oGAMMultiClass is an automated H2O modeling framework with grid-tuning and model evaluation that runs a variety of steps. First, a stratified sampling (by the target variable) is done to create train and validation sets. Then, the function will run a random grid tune over N number of models and find which model is the best (a default model is always included in that set). Once the model is identified and built, several other outputs are generated: validation data with predictions, evaluation metrics, confusion matrix, and variable importance.
#'
#' @author Adrian Antico
#' @family Automated Supervised Learning - Multiclass Classification
#'
#' @param OutputSelection You can select what type of output you want returned. Choose from c("EvalMetrics", "Score_TrainData")
#' @param data This is your data set for training and testing your model
#' @param TrainOnFull Set to TRUE to train on full data
#' @param ValidationData This is your holdout data set used in modeling either refine your hyperparameters.
#' @param TestData This is your holdout data set. Catboost using both training and validation data in the training process so you should evaluate out of sample performance with this data set.
#' @param TargetColumnName Either supply the target column name OR the column number where the target is located (but not mixed types).
#' @param FeatureColNames Either supply the feature column names OR the column number where the target is located (but not mixed types)
#' @param WeightsColumn Weighted classification
#' @param GamColNames GAM column names. Up to 9 features
#' @param eval_metric This is the metric used to identify best grid tuned model. Choose from "logloss", "r2", "RMSE", "MSE"
#' @param GridTune Set to TRUE to run a grid tuning procedure. Set a number in MaxModelsInGrid to tell the procedure how many models you want to test.
#' @param GridStrategy "RandomDiscrete" or "Cartesian"
#' @param MaxRunTimeSecs Max run time in seconds
#' @param StoppingRounds Iterations in grid tuning
#' @param MaxModelsInGrid Number of models to test from grid options (1080 total possible options)
#' @param MaxMem Set the maximum amount of memory you'd like to dedicate to the model run. E.g. "32G"
#' @param NThreads Set the number of threads you want to dedicate to the model building
#' @param model_path A character string of your path file to where you want your output saved
#' @param metadata_path A character string of your path file to where you want your model evaluation output saved. If left NULL, all output will be saved to model_path.
#' @param ModelID A character string to name your model and output
#' @param ReturnModelObjects Set to TRUE to output all modeling objects (E.g. plots and evaluation metrics)
#' @param SaveModelObjects Set to TRUE to return all modeling objects to your environment
#' @param IfSaveModel Set to "mojo" to save a mojo file, otherwise "standard" to save a regular H2O model object
#' @param H2OShutdown Set to TRUE to have H2O shutdown after running this function
#' @param H2OStartUp Set to TRUE to start up H2O inside function
#' @param num_knots Numeric values for gam
#' @param keep_gam_cols Logical
#' @param Solver Default "AUTO". Options include "IRLSM", "L_BFGS", "COORDINATE_DESCENT_NAIVE", "COORDINATE_DESCENT", "GRADIENT_DESCENT_LH", "GRADIENT_DESCENT_SQERR"
#' @param Alpha Gridable. Default 0.5 Otherwise supply a value between 0 and 1. 1 is equivalent to Lasso regression. 0 is equivalent to Ridge regression. Inbetween for a blend of the two.
#' @param Lambda Gridable. Default NULL. Regularization strength.
#' @param LambdaSearch Default FALSE.
#' @param NLambdas Default -1
#' @param Standardize Default TRUE. Standardize numerical columns
#' @param RemoveCollinearColumns Default FALSE. Removes some of the linearly dependent columns
#' @param InterceptInclude Default TRUE
#' @param NonNegativeCoefficients Default FALSE
#' @param DebugMode Set to TRUE to print steps to screen
#' @examples
#' \donttest{
#' # Create some dummy correlated data with numeric and categorical features
#' data <- AutoQuant::FakeDataGenerator(
#' Correlation = 0.85,
#' N = 1000L,
#' ID = 2L,
#' ZIP = 0L,
#' AddDate = FALSE,
#' Classification = FALSE,
#' MultiClass = TRUE)
#'
#' # Define GAM Columns to use - up to 9 are allowed
#' GamCols <- names(which(unlist(lapply(data, is.numeric))))
#' GamCols <- GamCols[!GamCols %in% c("Adrian","IDcol_1","IDcol_2")]
#' GamCols <- GamCols[1L:(min(9L,length(GamCols)))]
#'
#' # Run function
#' TestModel <- AutoQuant::AutoH2oGAMMultiClass(
#' OutputSelection = c("EvalMetrics", "Score_TrainData"),
#' data,
#' TrainOnFull = FALSE,
#' ValidationData = NULL,
#' TestData = NULL,
#' TargetColumnName = "Adrian",
#' FeatureColNames = names(data)[!names(data) %in% c("IDcol_1", "IDcol_2","Adrian")],
#' WeightsColumn = NULL,
#' GamColNames = GamCols,
#' eval_metric = "logloss",
#' MaxMem = {gc();paste0(as.character(floor(as.numeric(system("awk '/MemFree/ {print $2}' /proc/meminfo", intern=TRUE)) / 1000000)),"G")},
#' NThreads = max(1, parallel::detectCores()-2),
#' model_path = normalizePath("./"),
#' metadata_path = NULL,
#' ModelID = "FirstModel",
#' ReturnModelObjects = TRUE,
#' SaveModelObjects = FALSE,
#' IfSaveModel = "mojo",
#' H2OShutdown = FALSE,
#' H2OStartUp = TRUE,
#' DebugMode = FALSE,
#'
#' # ML args
#' num_knots = NULL,
#' keep_gam_cols = TRUE,
#' GridTune = FALSE,
#' GridStrategy = "Cartesian",
#' StoppingRounds = 10,
#' MaxRunTimeSecs = 3600 * 24 * 7,
#' MaxModelsInGrid = 10,
#' Distribution = "multinomial",
#' Link = "Family_Default",
#' Solver = "AUTO",
#' Alpha = 0.5,
#' Lambda = NULL,
#' LambdaSearch = FALSE,
#' NLambdas = -1,
#' Standardize = TRUE,
#' RemoveCollinearColumns = FALSE,
#' InterceptInclude = TRUE,
#' NonNegativeCoefficients = FALSE)
#' }
#' @return Saves to file and returned in list: VariableImportance.csv, Model, ValidationData.csv, EvaluationMetrics.csv, GridCollect, and GridList
#' @export
AutoH2oGAMMultiClass <- function(OutputSelection = c("EvalMetrics", "Score_TrainData"),
data = NULL,
TrainOnFull = FALSE,
ValidationData = NULL,
TestData = NULL,
TargetColumnName = NULL,
FeatureColNames = NULL,
WeightsColumn = NULL,
GamColNames = NULL,
eval_metric = "logloss",
MaxMem = {gc();paste0(as.character(floor(as.numeric(system("awk '/MemFree/ {print $2}' /proc/meminfo", intern=TRUE)) / 1000000)),"G")},
NThreads = max(1, parallel::detectCores()-2),
model_path = NULL,
metadata_path = NULL,
ModelID = "FirstModel",
ReturnModelObjects = TRUE,
SaveModelObjects = FALSE,
IfSaveModel = "mojo",
H2OShutdown = FALSE,
H2OStartUp = TRUE,
DebugMode = FALSE,
GridTune = FALSE,
GridStrategy = "Cartesian",
StoppingRounds = 10,
MaxRunTimeSecs = 3600 * 24 * 7,
MaxModelsInGrid = 2,
Distribution = "multinomial",
Link = "Family_Default",
num_knots = NULL,
keep_gam_cols = TRUE,
Solver = "AUTO",
Alpha = 0.5,
Lambda = NULL,
LambdaSearch = FALSE,
NLambdas = -1,
Standardize = TRUE,
RemoveCollinearColumns = FALSE,
InterceptInclude = TRUE,
NonNegativeCoefficients = FALSE) {
# Check Arguments ----
if(!(tolower(eval_metric) %chin% c("auc", "logloss"))) stop("eval_metric not in AUC, logloss")
if(!GridTune %in% c(TRUE, FALSE)) stop("GridTune needs to be TRUE or FALSE")
if(MaxModelsInGrid < 1 && GridTune) stop("MaxModelsInGrid needs to be at least 1")
if(!is.null(model_path)) if(!is.character(model_path)) stop("model_path needs to be a character type")
if(!is.null(metadata_path)) if(!is.character(metadata_path)) stop("metadata_path needs to be a character type")
if(!is.character(ModelID) && !is.null(ModelID)) stop("ModelID needs to be a character type")
if(!(ReturnModelObjects %in% c(TRUE, FALSE))) stop("ReturnModelObjects needs to be TRUE or FALSE")
if(!(SaveModelObjects %in% c(TRUE, FALSE))) stop("SaveModelObjects needs to be TRUE or FALSE")
if(!(tolower(eval_metric) == "auc")) eval_metric <- tolower(eval_metric) else eval_metric <- toupper(eval_metric)
if(eval_metric == "auc") Decreasing <- FALSE else Decreasing <- TRUE
# Grab all official parameters and their evaluated arguments
ArgsList <- c(as.list(environment()))
ArgsList[['data']] <- NULL
ArgsList[['ValidationData']] <- NULL
ArgsList[['TestData']] <- NULL
if(SaveModelObjects) {
if(!is.null(metadata_path)) {
save(ArgsList, file = file.path(metadata_path, paste0(ModelID, "_ArgsList.Rdata")))
} else if(!is.null(model_path)) {
save(ArgsList, file = file.path(model_path, paste0(ModelID, "_ArgsList.Rdata")))
}
}
# Data Prepare ----
if(DebugMode) print("Data Prepare ----")
Output <- H2ODataPrep(TargetType.="multiclass", TargetColumnName.=TargetColumnName, data.=data, ValidationData.=ValidationData, TestData.=TestData, TrainOnFull.=TrainOnFull, FeatureColNames.=FeatureColNames, SaveModelObjects.=SaveModelObjects, model_path.=model_path, ModelID.=ModelID)
TargetColumnName <- Output$TargetColumnName; Output$TargetColumnName <- NULL
TargetLevels <- Output$TargetLevels; Output$TargetLevels <- NULL
dataTrain <- Output$dataTrain; Output$dataTrain <- NULL
dataTest <- Output$dataTest; Output$dataTest <- NULL
TestData <- Output$TestData; Output$TestData <- NULL
Names <- Output$Names; rm(Output)
# Grid Tune Check ----
if(GridTune && !TrainOnFull) {
# Grid tune ----
if(DebugMode) print("Grid tune ----")
# Load data ----
if(H2OStartUp) localHost <- h2o::h2o.init(nthreads = NThreads, max_mem_size = MaxMem, enable_assertions = FALSE)
datatrain <- h2o::as.h2o(dataTrain)
if(!TrainOnFull) datavalidate <- h2o::as.h2o(dataTest, use_datatable = TRUE) else datavalidate <- NULL
if(!is.null(TestData)) datatest <- h2o::as.h2o(TestData, use_datatable = TRUE) else datatest <- NULL
# Grid Tune Search Criteria ----
search_criteria <- list(
strategy = GridStrategy,
max_runtime_secs = MaxRunTimeSecs,
max_models = MaxModelsInGrid,
seed = 1234,
stopping_rounds = StoppingRounds,
stopping_metric = toupper(eval_metric))
# Hyperparameters ----
hyper_params <- list()
hyper_params[["alpha"]] <- Alpha
hyper_params[["lambda"]] <- Lambda
# Grid Train Model ----
grid <- h2o::h2o.grid(
hyper_params = hyper_params,
search_criteria = search_criteria,
is_supervised = TRUE,
algorithm = "gam",
family = Distribution,
grid_id = paste0(ModelID, "_Grid"),
x = FeatureColNames,
gam_columns = GamColNames[1L:(min(length(GamColNames),9L))],
y = TargetColumnName,
training_frame = datatrain,
validation_frame = datavalidate)
# Get Best Model ----
Grid_Out <- h2o::h2o.getGrid(
grid_id = paste0(ModelID, "_Grid"),
sort_by = eval_metric,
decreasing = Decreasing)
# Collect Best Grid Model ----
base_model <- h2o::h2o.getModel(Grid_Out@model_ids[[1L]])
}
# Build model ----
if(!GridTune) {
# Build Model ----
if(DebugMode) print("Build Model ----")
# Load data
if(H2OStartUp) localHost <- h2o::h2o.init(nthreads = NThreads, max_mem_size = MaxMem, enable_assertions = FALSE)
datatrain <- h2o::as.h2o(dataTrain, use_datatable = TRUE)
if(!TrainOnFull) datavalidate <- h2o::as.h2o(dataTest, use_datatable = TRUE) else datavalidate <- NULL
if(!is.null(TestData)) datatest <- h2o::as.h2o(TestData, use_datatable = TRUE) else datatest <- NULL
# Define args ----
H2OArgs <- list()
H2OArgs[["x"]] <- FeatureColNames
H2OArgs[["y"]] <- TargetColumnName
H2OArgs[["gam_columns"]] <- GamColNames[1L:(min(length(GamColNames),9L))]
H2OArgs[["weights_column"]] <- WeightsColumn
H2OArgs[["training_frame"]] <- datatrain
H2OArgs[["validation_frame"]] <- datavalidate
H2OArgs[["family"]] <- Distribution
H2OArgs[["link"]] <- Link
H2OArgs[["model_id"]] <- ModelID
H2OArgs[["solver"]] <- Solver
H2OArgs[["alpha"]] <- Alpha
H2OArgs[["lambda"]] <- Lambda
H2OArgs[["lambda_search"]] <- LambdaSearch
H2OArgs[["nlambdas"]] <- NLambdas
H2OArgs[["standardize"]] <- Standardize
H2OArgs[["remove_collinear_columns"]] <- RemoveCollinearColumns
H2OArgs[["intercept"]] <- InterceptInclude
H2OArgs[["non_negative"]] <- NonNegativeCoefficients
# Build model ----
base_model <- do.call(h2o::h2o.gam, H2OArgs)
}
# Save Final Model ----
if(DebugMode) print("Save Final Model ----")
H2OSaveModel(SaveModelObjects.=SaveModelObjects, IfSaveModel.=IfSaveModel, base_model.=base_model, model_path.=model_path, ModelID.=ModelID)
# Score Train Data ----
if(DebugMode) print("Score Final Test Data ----")
if("score_traindata" %chin% tolower(OutputSelection) && !TrainOnFull) {
Predict <- data.table::as.data.table(h2o::h2o.predict(object = base_model, newdata = datatrain))
}
# Create Train Validation Data ----
if(DebugMode) print("Create Validation Data ----")
if("score_traindata" %chin% tolower(OutputSelection) && !TrainOnFull) {
Output <- H2OValidationData(Predict.=Predict, TestData.=NULL, dataTest.=NULL, dataTrain.=dataTrain, TrainOnFull.=TRUE, SaveModelObjects.=SaveModelObjects, metadata_path.=metadata_path, model_path.=model_path, ModelID.=ModelID, TransformNumericColumns.=NULL, TransformationResults.=NULL, TargetColumnName.=NULL, data.=NULL)
TrainData <- Output$ValidationData; rm(Output)
}
# Score Validation Data ----
Predict <- data.table::as.data.table(h2o::h2o.predict(object = base_model, newdata = if(!is.null(TestData)) datatest else if(!TrainOnFull) datavalidate else datatrain))
# Create Validation Data ----
if(DebugMode) print("Create Validation Data ----")
Output <- H2OValidationData(Predict.=Predict, TestData.=TestData, dataTest.=dataTest, dataTrain.=dataTrain, TrainOnFull.=TrainOnFull, SaveModelObjects.=SaveModelObjects, metadata_path.=metadata_path, model_path.=model_path, ModelID.=ModelID, TransformNumericColumns.=NULL, TransformationResults.=NULL, TargetColumnName.=NULL, data.=NULL)
ValidationData <- Output$ValidationData; rm(Output)
# Variable Importance ----
if(DebugMode) print("Variable Importance ----")
VariableImportance <- H2OVariableImportance(TrainOnFull.=TrainOnFull, base_model.=base_model, SaveModelObjects.=SaveModelObjects, metadata_path.=metadata_path, model_path.=model_path, ModelID.=ModelID)
# H2O Shutdown ----
if(H2OShutdown) h2o::h2o.shutdown(prompt = FALSE)
# Generate EvaluationMetrics ----
if(DebugMode) print("Running MultiClass()")
EvalMetricsList <- list()
if("evalmetrics" %chin% tolower(OutputSelection)) {
if("score_traindata" %chin% tolower(OutputSelection) && !TrainOnFull) {
EvalMetricsList[["TrainData"]] <- MultiClassMetrics(ModelClass="h2o", DataType = 'Train', SaveModelObjects.=SaveModelObjects, ValidationData.=ValidationData, PredictData.=predict, TrainOnFull.=TrainOnFull, TargetColumnName.=TargetColumnName, TargetLevels.=TargetLevels, ModelID.=ModelID, model_path.=model_path, metadata_path.=metadata_path)
}
EvalMetricsList[["TestData"]] <- MultiClassMetrics(ModelClass="h2o", DataType = 'Test', SaveModelObjects.=SaveModelObjects, ValidationData.=ValidationData, PredictData.=predict, TrainOnFull.=TrainOnFull, TargetColumnName.=TargetColumnName, TargetLevels.=TargetLevels, ModelID.=ModelID, model_path.=model_path, metadata_path.=metadata_path)
}
# Generate EvaluationMetrics ----
tryCatch({
if(DebugMode) print("Running BinaryMetrics()")
EvalMetricsList <- list()
EvalMetrics2List <- list()
if("evalmetrics" %chin% tolower(OutputSelection)) {
if("score_traindata" %chin% tolower(OutputSelection) && !TrainOnFull) {
for(tarlevel in TargetLevels) {
TrainData[, p1 := get(tarlevel)]
TrainData[, paste0("Temp_",tarlevel) := data.table::fifelse(get(TargetColumnName) == eval(tarlevel), 1, 0)]
EvalMetricsList[[paste0("TrainData_",tarlevel)]] <- BinaryMetrics(ClassWeights.=c(1,1), CostMatrixWeights.=c(1,0,0,1), SaveModelObjects.=FALSE, ValidationData.=TrainData, TrainOnFull.=TrainOnFull, TargetColumnName.=paste0("Temp_",tarlevel), ModelID.=ModelID, model_path.=model_path, metadata_path.=metadata_path, Method = "threshold")
EvalMetrics2List[[paste0("TrainData_",tarlevel)]] <- BinaryMetrics(ClassWeights.=c(1,1), CostMatrixWeights.=c(1,0,0,1), SaveModelObjects.=FALSE, ValidationData.=TrainData, TrainOnFull.=TrainOnFull, TargetColumnName.=paste0("Temp_",tarlevel), ModelID.=ModelID, model_path.=model_path, metadata_path.=metadata_path, Method = "bins")
data.table::set(TrainData, j = c("p1",paste0("Temp_",tarlevel)), value = NULL)
}
}
for(tarlevel in TargetLevels) {
ValidationData[, p1 := get(tarlevel)]
ValidationData[, paste0("Temp_",tarlevel) := data.table::fifelse(get(TargetColumnName) == eval(tarlevel), 1, 0)]
EvalMetricsList[[paste0("TestData_",tarlevel)]] <- BinaryMetrics(ClassWeights.=c(1,1), CostMatrixWeights.=c(1,0,0,1), SaveModelObjects.=FALSE, ValidationData.=ValidationData, TrainOnFull.=TrainOnFull, TargetColumnName.=paste0("Temp_",tarlevel), ModelID.=ModelID, model_path.=model_path, metadata_path.=metadata_path, Method = "threshold")
EvalMetrics2List[[paste0("TestData_",tarlevel)]] <- BinaryMetrics(ClassWeights.=c(1,1), CostMatrixWeights.=c(1,0,0,1), SaveModelObjects.=FALSE, ValidationData.=ValidationData, TrainOnFull.=TrainOnFull, TargetColumnName.=paste0("Temp_",tarlevel), ModelID.=ModelID, model_path.=model_path, metadata_path.=metadata_path, Method = "bins")
data.table::set(ValidationData, j = c("p1",paste0("Temp_",tarlevel)), value = NULL)
}
if(SaveModelObjects) {
if(!is.null(metadata_path)) {
save(EvalMetricsList, file = file.path(metadata_path, paste0(ModelID, "_EvaluationMetrics.Rdata")))
} else if(!is.null(model_path)) {
save(EvalMetricsList, file = file.path(model_path, paste0(ModelID, "_EvaluationMetrics.Rdata")))
}
}
}
}, error = function(x) print("skipping BinaryMetrics()"))
# Return Objects ----
if(DebugMode) print("Return Objects ----")
if(ReturnModelObjects) {
outputList <- list()
outputList[["Model"]] <- base_model
outputList[["TrainData"]] <- if(exists("TrainData") && !is.null(TrainData)) TrainData else NULL
outputList[["TestData"]] <- if(exists("ValidationData") && !is.null(ValidationData)) ValidationData else NULL
outputList[["EvaluationMetrics"]] <- if(exists("EvalMetricsList")) EvalMetricsList else NULL
outputList[["VariableImportance"]] <- if(exists("VariableImportance")) VariableImportance else NULL
outputList[["ColNames"]] <- if(exists("Names")) Names else NULL
return(outputList)
}
}
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