modefiedggmap: Spatial Visualization with ggplot2

#' Grab a map.
#'
#' \code{get_map} is a smart wrapper that queries the Google Maps,
#' OpenStreetMap, Stamen Maps or Naver Map servers for a map.
#'
#' @param location an address, longitude/latitude pair (in that
#'   order), or left/bottom/right/top bounding box
#' @param zoom map zoom, an integer from 3 (continent) to 21
#'   (building), default value 10 (city).  openstreetmaps limits a
#'   zoom of 18, and the limit on stamen maps depends on the
#'   maptype.  "auto" automatically determines the zoom for bounding
#'   box specifications, and is defaulted to 10 with center/zoom
#'   specifications.  maps of the whole world currently not
#'   supported.
#' @param scale scale argument of \code{\link{get_googlemap}} or
#'   \code{\link{get_openstreetmap}}
#' @param maptype character string providing map theme. options
#'   available are "terrain", "terrain-background", "satellite",
#'   "roadmap", and "hybrid" (google maps), "terrain", "watercolor",
#'   and "toner" (stamen maps), or a positive integer for cloudmade
#'   maps (see ?get_cloudmademap)
#' @param source Google Maps ("google"), OpenStreetMap ("osm"),
#'   Stamen Maps ("stamen"), or CloudMade maps ("cloudmade")
#' @param force force new map (don't use archived version)
#' @param messaging turn messaging on/off
#' @param urlonly return url only
#' @param filename destination file for download (file extension
#'   added according to format)
#' @param crop (stamen and cloudmade maps) crop tiles to bounding
#'   box
#' @param color color ("color") or black-and-white ("bw")
#' @param language language for google maps
#' @param api_key an api key for cloudmade maps
#' @return a ggmap object (a classed raster object with a bounding
#'   box attribute)
#' @author David Kahle \email{david.kahle@@gmail.com}
#' @seealso \code{\link{ggmap}}, \code{\link{GetMap}} in package
#'   RgoogleMaps
#' @export
#' @examples
#' map <- get_map()
#' map
#' str(map)
#' ggmap(map)
#'
#' \dontrun{
#' # not run by check to reduce time; also,
#' # osm may error due to server overload
#'
#' (map <- get_map(maptype = "roadmap"))
#' (map <- get_map(source = "osm"))
#' (map <- get_map(source = "stamen", maptype = "watercolor"))
#'
#' map <- get_map(location = "texas", zoom = 6, source = "stamen")
#' ggmap(map, fullpage = TRUE)
#'
#' }
get_map <- function(
  location = c(lon = -95.3632715, lat = 29.7632836), zoom = "auto", scale = "auto",
  maptype = c("terrain", "terrain-background", "satellite", "roadmap",
    "hybrid", "toner", "watercolor", "terrain-labels",
    "terrain-lines", "toner-2010", "toner-2011", "toner-background",
    "toner-hybrid", "toner-labels", "toner-lines", "toner-lite"),
  source = c("google","osm","stamen","cloudmade"),
  force = ifelse(source == "google", TRUE, TRUE), messaging = FALSE, urlonly = FALSE,
  filename = "ggmapTemp",
  crop = TRUE, color = c("color","bw"), language = "en-EN",
  api_key
){

  # deprecated syntaxes
  args <- as.list(match.call(expand.dots = TRUE)[-1])
  if("verbose" %in% names(args)){
    .Deprecated(msg = "verbose argument deprecated, use messaging.")
    messaging <- eval(args$verbose)
  }

  if("center" %in% names(args)){
  	.Deprecated(msg = "center argument deprecated, use location.")
    location <- eval(args$center)
  }


  # preliminary argument checking
  source <- match.arg(source)
  color <- match.arg(color)
  if(missing(maptype)){
    if(source != "cloudmade"){
      maptype <- "terrain"
    } else {
      maptype <- 1
    }
  }
  if(source == "stamen"){
    if(!(maptype %in% c("terrain","terrain-background","terrain-labels",
      "terrain-lines", "toner", "toner-2010", "toner-2011", "toner-background",
      "toner-hybrid", "toner-labels", "toner-lines", "toner-lite", "watercolor")))
    {
      stop("invalid stamen maptype, see ?get_stamenmap",
        call. = FALSE)
    }
  }
  if(source == "google" & (
    maptype %in% c("terrain-background","terrain-labels",
      "terrain-lines", "toner", "toner-2010", "toner-2011", "toner-background",
      "toner-hybrid", "toner-labels", "toner-lines", "toner-lite", "watercolor")
  )){
    message(paste0("maptype = \"", maptype, "\" is only available with source = \"stamen\"."))
    message(paste0("resetting to source = \"stamen\"..."))
    source <- "stamen"
  }


  # location formatting
  location_stop <- TRUE

  if(is.character(location) && length(location) == 1){ # address
    location_type <- "address"
    location_stop <- FALSE
  }

  if(is.data.frame(location) && ncol(location) == 2){
    location <- colMeans(location) # hits the next one
  }

  if(is.numeric(location) && length(location) == 2){ # center/zoom
    location_type <- "lonlat"
    location_stop <- FALSE
    if(!is.null(names(location))){
      loc_names <- names(location)
      if(all(loc_names == c("long","lat"))){
        names(location) <- c("lon", "lat")
      } else if(all(loc_names == c("lat","lon"))){
      	message("note : locations should be specified in the lon/lat format, not lat/lon.")
      	location <- location[c("lon","lat")]
      } else if(all(loc_names == c("lat","long"))){
      	message("note : locations should be specified in the lon/lat format, not lat/lon.")
      	location <- location[c("long","lat")]
        names(location) <- c("lon", "lat")
      }
    } else { # is missing name the elements lon/lat
      names(location) <- c("lon","lat")
    }
  }

  if(is.numeric(location) && length(location) == 4){ # bbox
    location_type <- "bbox"
    location_stop <- FALSE

    # check bounding box
    if(length(names(location)) > 0){
      if(!all(names(location) %in% c("left","bottom","right","top"))){
        stop("bounding boxes should have name left, bottom, right, top)", call. = FALSE)
      }
      location <- location[c("left","bottom","right","top")]
    } else {
      names(location) <- c("left","bottom","right","top")
    }
  }

  if(location_stop){ # if not one of the above, error
    stop("improper location specification, see ?get_map.", call. = F)
  }


  # compute zoom when zoom = "auto"
  if(zoom == "auto" && location_type == "bbox"){
  	if(zoom == "auto"){
      lon_range <- location[c("left","right")]
      lat_range <- location[c("bottom","top")]

      # compute zoom
      if(missing(zoom)){
        lonlength <- diff(lon_range)
        latlength <- diff(lat_range)
        zoomlon <- ceiling( log2( 360*2 / lonlength) )
        zoomlat <- ceiling( log2( 180*2 / latlength) )
        zoom <- max(zoomlon, zoomlat)
      }
    }
  } else if(zoom == "auto" && location_type != "bbox"){
    zoom = 10
  }


  # compute scale when scale = "auto" (only for google/osm)
  if(scale == "auto"){
  	if(source == "google") scale <- 2
  	if(source == "osm") scale <- OSM_scale_lookup(zoom)
  }



  # google map
  if(source == "google"){

  	# if bounding box given
    if(location_type == "bbox"){
      warning("bounding box given to google - spatial extent only approximate.",
        call. = FALSE, immediate. = TRUE)
      message("converting bounding box to center/zoom specification. (experimental)")

      # computer center
      user_bbox <- location
      location <- c(
        lon = mean(location[c("left","right")]),
        lat = mean(location[c("bottom","top")])
      )
    }

  	# get map
    map <- get_googlemap(center = location, zoom = zoom, maptype = maptype,
        scale = scale, messaging = messaging, urlonly = urlonly, force = force,
        filename = filename, color = color, language = language)

    # crop when bounding box is provided
    if(FALSE){
    bb <- attr(map, "bb")
    mbbox <- c(left = bb$ll.lon, bottom = bb$ll.lat, right = bb$ur.lon, top = bb$ur.lat)
    size <- dim(map)
    if(location_type == "bbox"){
      slon <- seq(mbbox["left"], mbbox["right"], length.out = size[1])
      slat <- seq(mbbox["top"], mbbox["bottom"], length.out = size[2])

      keep_x_ndcs <- which(user_bbox["left"] <= slon & slon <= user_bbox["right"])
      keep_y_ndcs <- which(user_bbox["bottom"] <= slat & slat <= user_bbox["top"])

      map <- map[keep_y_ndcs, keep_x_ndcs]
      class(map) <- c("ggmap","raster")
      attr(map, "bb") <- data.frame(
        ll.lat = user_bbox["bottom"], ll.lon = user_bbox["left"],
        ur.lat = user_bbox["top"], ur.lon = user_bbox["right"]
      )
    }
    }

    # return map
    return(map)
  }



  # openstreetmap
  if(source == "osm"){

  	if(location_type != "bbox"){
  	  # get bounding box
      gm <- get_googlemap(center = location, zoom = zoom,
        filename = filename)
      location <- as.numeric(attr(gm, "bb"))[c(2,1,4,3)]
    }

  	# get map/return
    return(
      get_openstreetmap(bbox = location, scale = scale,
        messaging = messaging, urlonly = urlonly, filename = filename,
        color = color)
    )
  }



  # stamen map
  if(source == "stamen"){
  	if(location_type != "bbox"){
  	  # get bounding box
      gm <- get_googlemap(center = location, zoom = zoom,
        filename = filename)
      location <- as.numeric(attr(gm, "bb"))[c(2,1,4,3)]
    }

  	# get map/return
    return(
      get_stamenmap(bbox = location, zoom = zoom, maptype = maptype, crop = crop,
        messaging = messaging, urlonly = urlonly, filename = filename, force = force,
        color = color)
    )
  }



  # cloudmade map
  if(source == "cloudmade"){
  	if(missing(api_key)) stop("an api key must be provided for cloudmade maps, see ?get_cloudmademap.",
  	  call. = FALSE)

  	if(location_type != "bbox"){
  	  # get bounding box
      gm <- get_googlemap(center = location, zoom = zoom,
        filename = filename)
      location <- as.numeric(attr(gm, "bb"))[c(2,1,4,3)]
    }

  	# get map/return
    return(
      get_cloudmademap(bbox = location, zoom = zoom, maptype = maptype, crop = crop,
        messaging = messaging, urlonly = urlonly, filename = filename, highres = TRUE,
        color = color, api_key = api_key)
    )
  }

}