#' Compute a measure of average modular complexity of technologies
#'
#' This function computes a measure of average modular complexity of technologies (average complexity of patent documents in a given technological class) from technological classes - patents (incidence) matrices
#' @param mat A bipartite adjacency matrix (can be a sparse matrix)
#' @param sparse Logical; is the input matrix a sparse matrix? Defaults to FALSE, but can be set to TRUE if the input matrix is a sparse matrix
#' @param list Logical; is the input a list? Defaults to FALSE (input = adjacency matrix), but can be set to TRUE if the input is an edge list
#' @keywords complexity
#' @export
#' @examples
#' ## generate a technology - patent matrix
#' set.seed(31)
#' mat <- matrix(sample(0:1,30,replace=T), ncol = 5)
#' rownames(mat) <- c ("T1", "T2", "T3", "T4", "T5", "T6")
#' colnames(mat) <- c ("US1", "US2", "US3", "US4", "US5")
#'
#' ## run the function
#' modular.complexity.avg (mat)
#'
#' ## generate a technology - patent sparse matrix
#' library (Matrix)
#'
#' ## run the function
#' smat <- Matrix(mat,sparse=TRUE)
#'
#' modular.complexity.avg (smat, sparse = TRUE)
#' ## generate a regular data frame (list)
#' list <- get.list (mat)
#'
#' ## run the function
#' modular.complexity.avg (list, list = TRUE)
#' @author Pierre-Alexandre Balland \email{p.balland@uu.nl}
#' @references Fleming, L. and Sorenson, O. (2001) Technology as a complex adaptive system: evidence from patent data, \emph{Research Policy} \strong{30}: 1019-1039
#' @seealso \code{\link{ease.recombination}}, \code{\link{TCI}}, \code{\link{MORt}}
modular.complexity.avg <- function(mat, sparse = FALSE, list = FALSE) {
library (Matrix)
if (!list) {
if (!sparse) {
mat <- Matrix(mat,sparse=TRUE)
cooc = mat %*% Matrix::t(mat)
diag(cooc) <- 0
cooc[cooc > 1] <- 1
Ease <- Matrix::rowSums(cooc, na.rm =T)/Matrix::rowSums(mat, na.rm =T)
IntPat <- Matrix::colSums (mat, na.rm =T) / (Matrix::t(mat) %*% Ease)
IntPat[is.infinite(IntPat)] <- 0
avgIntPat <- (mat %*% IntPat) / Matrix::rowSums(mat, na.rm =T)
avgIntPat <- data.frame (tech = rownames (mat),
avg.mod.comp = round (as.numeric (avgIntPat), 2))
} else {
cooc = mat %*% Matrix::t(mat)
diag(cooc) <- 0
cooc[cooc > 1] <- 1
Ease <- Matrix::rowSums(cooc, na.rm =T)/Matrix::rowSums(mat, na.rm =T)
IntPat <- Matrix::colSums (mat, na.rm =T) / (Matrix::t(mat) %*% Ease)
IntPat[is.infinite(IntPat)] <- 0
avgIntPat <- (mat %*% IntPat) / Matrix::rowSums(mat, na.rm =T)
avgIntPat <- data.frame (tech = rownames (mat),
avg.mod.comp = round (as.numeric (avgIntPat), 2))
}
} else {
mat <- get.matrix(mat, sparse = TRUE)
cooc = mat %*% Matrix::t(mat)
diag(cooc) <- 0
summ <- Matrix::summary(cooc)
summ$x[summ$x>1] = 1
x = get.matrix(summ, sparse = T)
colnames (x) = colnames (cooc)
rownames (x) = rownames (cooc)
cooc = x
Ease <- Matrix::rowSums(cooc)/Matrix::rowSums(mat)
IntPat <- Matrix::colSums(mat)/(Matrix::t(mat) %*% Ease)
IntPat[is.infinite(IntPat)] <- 0
avgIntPat <- (mat %*% IntPat) / Matrix::rowSums(mat, na.rm =T)
avgIntPat <- data.frame (tech = rownames (mat),
avg.mod.comp = round(as.numeric (avgIntPat), 2))
}
return(avgIntPat)
}
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