#' @title Dynamic fit index (DFI) cutoffs adapted from Hu & Bentler (1999) for measurement misspecification in hierarchical factor models
#'
#' @description This function generates DFI cutoffs adapted from Hu & Bentler (1999) for measurement misspecification in hierarchical factor models using, by default, ML estimation.
#' The default argument is a singular argument: a \code{\link{lavaan}} object from the \code{\link{cfa}} function.
#' The function can also accommodate manual entry of the model statement and sample size.
#'
#' The app-based version of this function can be found at \href{https://dynamicfit.app/}{dynamicfit.app}.
#'
#' @param model This can either be a \code{\link{lavaan}} object from the \code{\link{cfa}} function,
#' OR a model statement written in \code{\link{lavaan}} \code{\link{model.syntax}} with standardized loadings.
#' @param n If you entered a \code{\link{lavaan}} object for model, leave this blank.
#' Otherwise, enter your sample size (numeric).
#' @param plot Displays distributions of fit indices for each level of misspecification.
#' @param manual If you entered a \code{\link{lavaan}} object, keep this set to FALSE.
#' If you manually entered standardized loadings and sample size, set this to TRUE.
#' @param reps The number of replications used in your simulation. This is set to 500 by default in both the
#' R package and the corresponding Shiny App.
#' @param estimator Which estimator to use within the simulations (enter in quotes). The default is maximum likelihood.
#' @import dplyr lavaan simstandard ggplot2 stringr
#' @importFrom purrr map map_dfr map2
#' @importFrom tidyr unite extract
#' @importFrom patchwork plot_layout plot_annotation wrap_plots
#'
#' @author Daniel McNeish, Melissa G Wolf, & Patrick D Manapat
#'
#' Maintainer: Daniel McNeish <dmcneish@asu.edu>
#'
#' @rdname hier1HB
#'
#' @return Dynamic fit index (DFI) cutoffs for SRMR, RMSEA, and CFI.
#' @export
#'
#' @examples
#' #Manual entry example for a sample size of 2200 (manual=TRUE), from Reynolds & Keith (2017)
#'
#' manmod <- "G =~ .51*F1 + .83*F2 + .97*F3 + .83*F4 + .87*F5 + .55*Y7
#' F1 =~ .41*Y1 + .81*Y2 + .71*Y3
#' F2 =~ .79*Y4 + .64*Y5 + .81*Y6 + .22*Y7
#' F3 =~ .53*Y8 + .68*Y9 + .66*Y10
#' F4 =~ .79*Y11 + .76*Y12
#' F5 =~ .82*Y13 + .71*Y14 + .85*Y15 + .81*Y16
#' F3 ~~ .77*F4"
#' \donttest{hier2(model=manmod,n=2200,manual=TRUE)}
#'
#'
hier1HB <- function(model,n=NULL,estimator="ML",plot=FALSE,manual=FALSE,reps=500){
#If manual, expect manual (a la Shiny app)
if(manual){
tryCatch(cleanmodel(model),
error=function(err5){
if (grepl("no method for coercing this S4 class to a vector", err5)){
stop("dynamic Error: Did you accidentally include 'manual=TRUE' with a non-manually entered lavaan object?")
}
})
n <- n
model9 <- model
tryCatch(defre(model9,n),
error=function(err4){
if (grepl("non-numeric matrix extent", err4)){
stop("dynamic Error: Did you forget to include a sample size with your manually entered model?")
}
})
}else{
#Use this to rewrite error message for when someone forgot to use manual=TRUE
#But entered in model statement and sample size
#https://community.rstudio.com/t/create-custom-error-messages/39058/4
#This is hacky but works, although traceback might confuse people
tryCatch(cfa_n(model),
error=function(err){
if (grepl("trying to get slot", err)) {
stop("dynamic Error: Did you forget to use manual=TRUE?")
}
})
#Error for when someone enters an object that doesn't exist, or a non-lavaan object
tryCatch(cfa_n(model),
error=function(err2){
if (grepl("Error in base::unlist", err2)){
stop("dynamic Error: Did you enter a lavaan object? Confirm that it is a lavaan object using class(). If you do not have a lavaan object, enter the arguments manually and select manual=TRUE.")
}
})
#Use these functions to convert to manual (input is a lavaan object)
#Probably what we should expect for people using R
#need 'n' first because otherwise model will overwrite
n <- cfa_n(model)
model9 <- cfa_lavmod(model)
}
if (unstandardized(model9)>0){
stop("dynamic Error: One of your loadings or correlations has an absolute value of 1 or above (an impossible value). Please use standardized loadings. If all of your loadings are under 1, try looking for a missing decimal somewhere in your model statement.")
}
if (number_factor_first(model9)==0){
stop("dynamic Error: The model you entered is not hierarchical - please use a different function. For example, cfaOne for one-factor models or cfaHB for multi-factor models.")
}
if (defre(model9,n)==0){
stop("dynamic Error: It is impossible to add misspecifications to a just identified model.")
}
if (nrow(multi_num_hier(model9))<(number_factor_first(model9)-1)){
stop("dynamic Error: There are not enough free items to produce all misspecification levels.")
}
#Create list to store outputs (table and plot)
res <- list()
#Output fit indices if someone used manual=F
#Will ignore in print statement if manual=T
#Exclamation point is how we indicate if manual = T (because default is F)
if(!manual){
if (model@Options$test=="satorra.bentler" |model@Options$test=="yuan.bentler.mplus" | model@Options$test=="yuan.bentler.mplus"){
fitted <- round(lavaan::fitmeasures(model,c("chisq.scaled","df","pvalue.scaled","srmr","rmsea.robust","cfi.robust")),3)
} else if (model@Options$test=="scaled.shifted" | model@Options$test=="mean.var.adusted"){
fitted <- round(lavaan::fitmeasures(model,c("chisq","df","pvalue","srmr","rmsea.scaled","cfi.scaled")),3)
} else if(model@Options$test=="standard" ){
fitted <- round(lavaan::fitmeasures(model,c("chisq","df","pvalue","srmr","rmsea","cfi")),3)}
fitted_m <- as.matrix(fitted)
fitted_t <- t(fitted_m)
fitted_t <- as.data.frame(fitted_t)
colnames(fitted_t) <- c("Chi-Square"," df","p-value"," SRMR"," RMSEA"," CFI")
rownames(fitted_t) <- c("")
res$fit <- fitted_t
}
#Run simulation
results <- multi_df_hier(model9,n,estimator,reps)
#Save the data and make it exportable
res$data <- fit_data(results)
#For each list element (misspecification) compute the cutoffs
misspec_sum <- purrr::map(results,~dplyr::reframe(.,SRMR_M=quantile(SRMR_M, c(.05,.1)),
RMSEA_M=quantile(RMSEA_M, c(.05,.1)),
CFI_M=quantile(CFI_M, c(.95,.9))))
#For the true model, compute the cutoffs (these will all be the same - just need in list form)
true_sum <- purrr::map(results,~dplyr::reframe(.,SRMR_T=quantile(SRMR_T, c(.95,.9)),
RMSEA_T=quantile(RMSEA_T, c(.95,.9)),
CFI_T=quantile(CFI_T, c(.05,.1))))
#Bind each of the misspecified cutoffs to the true cutoffs, listwise
Table <- purrr::map(misspec_sum,~cbind(.,true_sum[[1]]) %>%
dplyr::mutate(SRMR_R=base::round(SRMR_M,3),
RMSEA_R=base::round(RMSEA_M,3),
CFI_R=base::round(CFI_M,3),
SRMR=base::ifelse(SRMR_T<SRMR_M,SRMR_R,"NONE"),
RMSEA=base::ifelse(RMSEA_T<RMSEA_M,RMSEA_R,"NONE"),
CFI=base::ifelse(CFI_T>CFI_M,CFI_R,"NONE")) %>%
dplyr::select(SRMR,RMSEA,CFI))
#This is to clean up the table for presentation
#list is a function within mutate to apply function lead across each element
Row2 <- purrr::map_dfr(Table,~dplyr::mutate(.,SRMR_1=SRMR,
RMSEA_1=RMSEA,
CFI_1=CFI) %>%
dplyr::mutate_at(c("SRMR_1","RMSEA_1","CFI_1"),list(dplyr::lead)) %>%
dplyr::slice(1) %>%
dplyr::mutate(SRMR=ifelse(is.character(SRMR),SRMR_1,"--"),
RMSEA=ifelse(is.character(RMSEA),RMSEA_1,"--"),
CFI=ifelse(is.character(CFI),CFI_1,"--"),
SRMR=stringr::str_replace_all(as.character(SRMR),"0\\.","."),
RMSEA=stringr::str_replace_all(as.character(RMSEA),"0\\.","."),
CFI=stringr::str_replace_all(as.character(CFI),"0\\.",".")) %>%
dplyr::select(SRMR,RMSEA,CFI))
#Still cleaning
#Unlist Table
Table_C <- purrr::map_dfr(Table,~dplyr::mutate(.,SRMR=stringr::str_replace_all(as.character(SRMR),"0\\.","."),
RMSEA=stringr::str_replace_all(as.character(RMSEA),"0\\.","."),
CFI=stringr::str_replace_all(as.character(CFI),"0\\.",".")))
#Cleaning
Table_C[seq(2,nrow(Table_C),by=2),] <- Row2
#For row names
#Can't use number_factor because some factors may be ineligible for cross-loadings
#Instead, just grab the length of number of misspecifications we're adding
num_fact <- length(DGM_Multi_hier(model9))
#Create row names for level
Table_C$levelnum <- paste("Level", rep(1:num_fact,each=2))
#Create row names for proportions
Table_C$cut <- rep(c("95/5","90/10"))
#Add cross-loading magnitude
suppressMessages(mag <- multi_add_hier(model9) %>%
tidyr::separate(V1,into=c("a","b","Magnitude","d","e"),sep=" ") %>%
select(Magnitude) %>%
mutate(Magnitude=as.numeric(Magnitude),
Magnitude=round(Magnitude,digits=3)) %>%
slice(rep(1:n,each=2)))
#Delete rownames (dplyr update?)
rownames(mag) <- NULL
#Clean cross-loading magnitude
even <- seq_len(nrow(mag))%%2
mag2 <- cbind(mag,even) %>%
mutate(Magnitude=ifelse(even==0," ",Magnitude)) %>%
mutate(Magnitude=stringr::str_replace_all(as.character(Magnitude),"0\\.",".")) %>%
select(Magnitude)
#Add to table
Table_C <- cbind(Table_C,mag2)
#Add rownames to final table
Final_Table <- Table_C %>%
tidyr::unite(Cut,levelnum,cut,sep=": ") %>%
tibble::column_to_rownames(var='Cut')
#Put into list
res$cutoffs <- Final_Table
#If user selects plot = T
if(plot){
#For each list element (misspecification) compute the cutoffs
misspec_sum <- purrr::map(results,~dplyr::reframe(.,SRMR_M=quantile(SRMR_M, c(.05,.1)),
RMSEA_M=quantile(RMSEA_M, c(.05,.1)),
CFI_M=quantile(CFI_M, c(.95,.9))))
#For the true model, compute the cutoffs (these will all be the same - just need in list form)
true_sum <- purrr::map(results,~dplyr::reframe(.,SRMR_T=quantile(SRMR_T, c(.95,.9)),
RMSEA_T=quantile(RMSEA_T, c(.95,.9)),
CFI_T=quantile(CFI_T, c(.05,.1))))
#Select just those variables and rename columns to be the same
Misspec_dat <- purrr::map(results,~dplyr::select(.,SRMR_M:Type_M) %>%
`colnames<-`(c("SRMR","RMSEA","CFI","Model")))
#Select just those variables and rename columns to be the same
True_dat <- purrr::map(results,~dplyr::select(.,SRMR_T:Type_T) %>%
`colnames<-`(c("SRMR","RMSEA","CFI","Model")))
#For each element in the list, bind the misspecified cutoffs to the true cutoffs
#rbind doesn't work well with lists (needs do.call statement)
plot <- lapply(seq(length(Misspec_dat)),function(x) dplyr::bind_rows(Misspec_dat[x],True_dat[x]))
#Plot SRMR. Need map2 and data=.x (can't remember why).
SRMR_plot <- purrr::map2(plot,misspec_sum,~ggplot(data=.x,aes(x=SRMR,fill=Model))+
geom_histogram(position="identity",
alpha=.5, bins=30)+
scale_fill_manual(values=c("#E9798C","#66C2F5"))+
geom_vline(aes(xintercept=.y$SRMR_M[1],
linetype="misspec_sum$SRMR_M[1]",color="misspec_sum$SRMR_M[1]"),
linewidth=.6)+
geom_vline(aes(xintercept=.08,
linetype=".08",color=".08"),
linewidth=.75)+
scale_color_manual(name="Cutoff Values",
labels=c("Dynamic Cutoff","Hu & Bentler Cutoff"),
values=c("misspec_sum$SRMR_M[1]"="black",
".08"="black"))+
scale_linetype_manual(name="Cutoff Values",
labels=c("Dynamic Cutoff","Hu & Bentler Cutoff"),
values=c("misspec_sum$SRMR_M[1]"="longdash",
".08"="dotted"))+
theme(axis.title.y = element_blank(),
axis.text.y = element_blank(),
axis.ticks.y = element_blank(),
panel.background = element_blank(),
axis.line = element_line(color="black"),
legend.position = "none",
legend.title = element_blank(),
legend.box = "vertical"))
#Plot RMSEA. Need map2 and data=.x (can't remember why).
RMSEA_plot <- purrr::map2(plot,misspec_sum,~ggplot(data=.x,aes(x=RMSEA,fill=Model))+
geom_histogram(position="identity",
alpha=.5, bins=30)+
scale_fill_manual(values=c("#E9798C","#66C2F5"))+
geom_vline(aes(xintercept=.y$RMSEA_M[1],
linetype="misspec_sum$RMSEA_M[1]",color="misspec_sum$RMSEA_M[1]"),
linewidth=.6)+
geom_vline(aes(xintercept=.06,
linetype=".06",color=".06"),
linewidth=.75)+
scale_color_manual(name="Cutoff Values",
labels=c("Dynamic Cutoff","Hu & Bentler Cutoff"),
values=c("misspec_sum$RMSEA_M[1]"="black",
".06"="black"))+
scale_linetype_manual(name="Cutoff Values",
labels=c("Dynamic Cutoff","Hu & Bentler Cutoff"),
values=c("misspec_sum$RMSEA_M[1]"="longdash",
".06"="dotted"))+
theme(axis.title.y = element_blank(),
axis.text.y = element_blank(),
axis.ticks.y = element_blank(),
panel.background = element_blank(),
axis.line = element_line(color="black"),
legend.position = "none",
legend.title = element_blank(),
legend.box = "vertical"))
#Plot CFI. Need map2 and data=.x (can't remember why).
CFI_plot <- purrr::map2(plot,misspec_sum,~ggplot(data=.x,aes(x=CFI,fill=Model))+
geom_histogram(position="identity",
alpha=.5, bins=30)+
scale_fill_manual(values=c("#E9798C","#66C2F5"))+
geom_vline(aes(xintercept=.y$CFI_M[1],
linetype="misspec_sum$CFI_M[1]",color="misspec_sum$CFI_M[1]"),
linewidth=.6)+
geom_vline(aes(xintercept=.95,
linetype=".95",color=".95"),
linewidth=.75)+
scale_color_manual(name="Cutoff Values",
labels=c("Dynamic Cutoff","Hu & Bentler Cutoff"),
values=c("misspec_sum$CFI_M[1]"="black",
".95"="black"))+
scale_linetype_manual(name="Cutoff Values",
labels=c("Dynamic Cutoff","Hu & Bentler Cutoff"),
values=c("misspec_sum$CFI_M[1]"="longdash",
".95"="dotted"))+
theme(axis.title.y = element_blank(),
axis.text.y = element_blank(),
axis.ticks.y = element_blank(),
panel.background = element_blank(),
axis.line = element_line(color="black"),
legend.position = "none",
legend.title = element_blank(),
legend.box = "vertical"))
#Create a list with the plots combined for each severity level
plots_combo <- lapply(seq(length(plot)),function(x) c(SRMR_plot[x],RMSEA_plot[x],CFI_plot[x]))
#Add a collective legend and title with the level indicator
plots <- lapply(seq(length(plots_combo)), function(x) patchwork::wrap_plots(plots_combo[[x]])+
plot_layout(guides = "collect")+
plot_annotation(title=paste("Level", x))
& theme(legend.position = 'bottom'))
#Put into list
res$plots <- plots
}
#Create object (necessary for subsequent print statement)
class(res) <- 'hier1HB'
return(res)
}
#' @method print hier1HB
#' @param x hier1HB object
#' @param ... other print parameters
#' @rdname hier1HB
#' @export
#Print suppression/organization statement for list
#Needs same name as class, not function name
#Need to add ... param or will get error message in CMD check
print.hier1HB <- function(x,...){
#Automatically return fit cutoffs
base::cat("Your DFI cutoffs: \n")
base::print(x$cutoffs)
#Only print fit indices from lavaan object if someone submits a lavaan object
if(!is.null(x$fit)){
base::cat("\n")
base::cat("Empirical fit indices: \n")
base::print(x$fit)
}
if(!is.null(x$plots)){
base::cat("\n The distributions for each level are in the Plots tab \n")
base::print(x$plots)
}
#Hides this function
base::invisible()
}
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