#' Join two tbls together
#'
#' These are generic functions that dispatch to individual tbl methods - see the
#' method documentation for details of individual data sources. `x` and
#' `y` should usually be from the same data source, but if `copy` is
#' `TRUE`, `y` will automatically be copied to the same source as `x`.
#'
#' @section Join types:
#'
#' Currently dplyr supports four types of mutating joins, two types of filtering joins, and
#' a nesting join.
#'
#' \strong{Mutating joins} combine variables from the two data.frames:
#'
#' \describe{
#' \item{`inner_join()`}{return all rows from `x` where there are matching
#' values in `y`, and all columns from `x` and `y`. If there are multiple matches
#' between `x` and `y`, all combination of the matches are returned.}
#'
#' \item{`left_join()`}{return all rows from `x`, and all columns from `x`
#' and `y`. Rows in `x` with no match in `y` will have `NA` values in the new
#' columns. If there are multiple matches between `x` and `y`, all combinations
#' of the matches are returned.}
#'
#' \item{`right_join()`}{return all rows from `y`, and all columns from `x`
#' and y. Rows in `y` with no match in `x` will have `NA` values in the new
#' columns. If there are multiple matches between `x` and `y`, all combinations
#' of the matches are returned.}
#'
#' \item{`full_join()`}{return all rows and all columns from both `x` and `y`.
#' Where there are not matching values, returns `NA` for the one missing.}
#' }
#'
#'
#' \strong{Filtering joins} keep cases from the left-hand data.frame:
#'
#' \describe{
#' \item{`semi_join()`}{return all rows from `x` where there are matching
#' values in `y`, keeping just columns from `x`.
#'
#' A semi join differs from an inner join because an inner join will return
#' one row of `x` for each matching row of `y`, where a semi
#' join will never duplicate rows of `x`.}
#'
#' \item{`anti_join()`}{return all rows from `x` where there are not
#' matching values in `y`, keeping just columns from `x`.}
#' }
#'
#' \strong{Nesting joins} create a list column of data.frames:
#'
#' \describe{
#' \item{`nest_join()`}{return all rows and all columns from `x`. Adds a
#' list column of tibbles. Each tibble contains all the rows from `y`
#' that match that row of `x`. When there is no match, the list column is
#' a 0-row tibble with the same column names and types as `y`.
#'
#' `nest_join()` is the most fundamental join since you can recreate the other joins from it.
#' An `inner_join()` is a `nest_join()` plus an [tidyr::unnest()], and `left_join()` is a
#' `nest_join()` plus an `unnest(drop = FALSE)`.
#' A `semi_join()` is a `nest_join()` plus a `filter()` where you check that every element of data has
#' at least one row, and an `anti_join()` is a `nest_join()` plus a `filter()` where you check every element has zero rows.
#' }
#' }
#'
#' @section Grouping:
#'
#' Groups are ignored for the purpose of joining, but the result preserves
#' the grouping of `x`.
#'
#' @param x,y tbls to join
#' @param by a character vector of variables to join by. If `NULL`, the
#' default, `*_join()` will do a natural join, using all variables with
#' common names across the two tables. A message lists the variables so
#' that you can check they're right (to suppress the message, simply
#' explicitly list the variables that you want to join).
#'
#' To join by different variables on x and y use a named vector.
#' For example, `by = c("a" = "b")` will match `x.a` to
#' `y.b`.
#' @param copy If `x` and `y` are not from the same data source,
#' and `copy` is `TRUE`, then `y` will be copied into the
#' same src as `x`. This allows you to join tables across srcs, but
#' it is a potentially expensive operation so you must opt into it.
#' @param suffix If there are non-joined duplicate variables in `x` and
#' `y`, these suffixes will be added to the output to disambiguate them.
#' Should be a character vector of length 2.
#' @param name the name of the list column nesting joins create. If `NULL` the name of `y` is used.
#' @param keep If `TRUE` the by columns are kept in the nesting joins.
#' @param ... other parameters passed onto methods, for instance, `na_matches`
#' to control how `NA` values are matched. See \link{join.tbl_df} for more.
#' @name join
#' @examples
#' # "Mutating" joins combine variables from the LHS and RHS
#' band_members %>% inner_join(band_instruments)
#' band_members %>% left_join(band_instruments)
#' band_members %>% right_join(band_instruments)
#' band_members %>% full_join(band_instruments)
#'
#' # "Filtering" joins keep cases from the LHS
#' band_members %>% semi_join(band_instruments)
#' band_members %>% anti_join(band_instruments)
#'
#' # "Nesting" joins keep cases from the LHS and nests the RHS
#' band_members %>% nest_join(band_instruments)
#'
#' # To suppress the message, supply by
#' band_members %>% inner_join(band_instruments, by = "name")
#' # This is good practice in production code
#'
#' # Use a named `by` if the join variables have different names
#' band_members %>% full_join(band_instruments2, by = c("name" = "artist"))
#' # Note that only the key from the LHS is kept
NULL
#' @rdname join
#' @export
inner_join <- function(x, y, by = NULL, copy = FALSE, suffix = c(".x", ".y"), ...) {
UseMethod("inner_join")
}
#' @rdname join
#' @export
left_join <- function(x, y, by = NULL, copy = FALSE, suffix = c(".x", ".y"), ...) {
UseMethod("left_join")
}
#' @rdname join
#' @export
right_join <- function(x, y, by = NULL, copy = FALSE, suffix = c(".x", ".y"), ...) {
UseMethod("right_join")
}
#' @rdname join
#' @export
full_join <- function(x, y, by = NULL, copy = FALSE, suffix = c(".x", ".y"), ...) {
UseMethod("full_join")
}
#' @rdname join
#' @export
semi_join <- function(x, y, by = NULL, copy = FALSE, ...) {
UseMethod("semi_join")
}
#' @rdname join
#' @export
nest_join <- function(x, y, by = NULL, copy = FALSE, keep = FALSE, name = NULL, ...) {
UseMethod("nest_join")
}
#' @rdname join
#' @export
anti_join <- function(x, y, by = NULL, copy = FALSE, ...) {
UseMethod("anti_join")
}
#' Extract out common by variables
#'
#' @export
#' @keywords internal
common_by <- function(by = NULL, x, y) UseMethod("common_by", by)
#' @export
common_by.character <- function(by, x, y) {
by <- common_by_from_vector(by)
common_by.list(by, x, y)
}
common_by_from_vector <- function(by) {
by <- by[!duplicated(by)]
by_x <- names(by) %||% by
by_y <- unname(by)
# If x partially named, assume unnamed are the same in both tables
by_x[by_x == ""] <- by_y[by_x == ""]
list(x = by_x, y = by_y)
}
#' @export
common_by.list <- function(by, x, y) {
x_vars <- tbl_vars(x)
if (!all(by$x %in% x_vars)) {
bad_args("by", "can't contain join column {missing} which is missing from LHS",
missing = fmt_obj(setdiff(by$x, x_vars))
)
}
y_vars <- tbl_vars(y)
if (!all(by$y %in% y_vars)) {
bad_args("by", "can't contain join column {missing} which is missing from RHS",
missing = fmt_obj(setdiff(by$y, y_vars))
)
}
by
}
#' @export
common_by.NULL <- function(by, x, y) {
by <- intersect(tbl_vars(x), tbl_vars(y))
if (length(by) == 0) {
bad_args("by", "required, because the data sources have no common variables")
}
inform(auto_by_msg(by))
list(
x = by,
y = by
)
}
auto_by_msg <- function(by) {
by_quoted <- encodeString(by, quote = '"')
if (length(by_quoted) == 1L) {
by_code <- by_quoted
} else {
by_code <- paste0("c(", paste(by_quoted, collapse = ", "), ")")
}
paste0("Joining, by = ", by_code)
}
#' @export
common_by.default <- function(by, x, y) {
bad_args("by", "must be a (named) character vector, list, or NULL for ",
"natural joins (not recommended in production code), not {type_of(by)}"
)
}
check_suffix <- function(x) {
if (!is.character(x) || length(x) != 2) {
bad_args("suffix", "must be a character vector of length 2, ",
"not {type_of(x)} of length {length(x)}"
)
}
if (any(is.na(x))) {
bad_args("suffix", "can't be NA")
}
if (all(x == "")) {
bad_args("suffix", "can't be empty string for both `x` and `y` suffixes")
}
list(x = x[[1]], y = x[[2]])
}
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