bops_pediatric_pain: Behavioral Observational Pain Scale (BOPS)

In cliot: Clinical Indices and Outcomes Tools

Behavioral Observational Pain Scale (BOPS)

Description

Calculates the Behavioral Observational Pain Scale (BOPS) score for assessing postoperative pain in children aged 1-7 years. The scale evaluates three behavioral domains: Facial Expression, Verbalization, and Body Position. A score of 3 or greater typically indicates the need for analgesic intervention.

Usage

bops_pediatric_pain(facial_expression, verbalization, body_position)

Arguments

facial_expression	Numeric (0-2). 0: Neutral, positive, or smiling. 1: Negative facial expression. 2: Grimace.
verbalization	Numeric (0-2). 0: Normal conversation, silence, laughter, or crying not related to pain. 1: Complaining, moaning, or whimpering. 2: Crying or screaming related to pain.
body_position	Numeric (0-2). 0: Lying quietly, normal position, or moves easily. 1: Restless, shifting, or touching wound. 2: Rigid or protecting wound.

Value

A list containing:

BOPS_Score	The calculated total score (Range 0-6).
Interpretation	Clinical guidance based on the threshold of 3.

References

Hesselgard K, Larsson S, Romner B, Strömblad LG, Reinstrup P. Validity and reliability of the Behavioural Observational Pain Scale for postoperative pain measurement in children 1-7 years of age. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2007;8(2):102-108. doi:10.1097/01.PCC.0000257098.32286.2D

Examples

# Example 1: Significant Pain
# Grimace (2), Crying (2), Restless (1)
# Score = 5
bops_pediatric_pain(2, 2, 1)

# Example 2: No Pain
# Smiling (0), Normal talk (0), Moving easily (0)
# Score = 0
bops_pediatric_pain(0, 0, 0)

cliot documentation built on Dec. 1, 2025, 1:06 a.m.