caroc_fracture_risk: CAROC System for Fracture Risk Assessment

In cliot: Clinical Indices and Outcomes Tools

CAROC System for Fracture Risk Assessment

Description

Calculates the 10-year risk of major osteoporotic fracture using the 2010 Canadian Association of Radiologists and Osteoporosis Canada (CAROC) system. This tool stratifies patients into Low, Moderate, or High risk categories based on Age, Sex, Femoral Neck T-score, Prior Fragility Fracture, and Glucocorticoid use.

Usage

caroc_fracture_risk(sex, age, femoral_neck_t_score,
                    prior_fragility_fracture, glucocorticoid_use)

Arguments

sex	String. Patient sex ("Male" or "Female").
age	Numeric. Patient age in years (Valid for age >= 50).
femoral_neck_t_score	Numeric. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) T-score at the femoral neck.
prior_fragility_fracture	Numeric (0 or 1). History of fragility fracture after age 40. (1 = Yes). Note: Presence increases risk by one category.
glucocorticoid_use	Numeric (0 or 1). Recent prolonged use of systemic glucocorticoids (e.g., >3 months). (1 = Yes). Note: Presence increases risk by one category.

Value

A list containing:

Risk_Category	The calculated risk zone (Low, Moderate, High).
Ten_Year_Fracture_Risk	The estimated percentage risk of major osteoporotic fracture over 10 years.

References

Papaioannou A, Morin S, Cheung AM, et al. 2010 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada: summary. CMAJ. 2010;182(17):1864-1873. doi:10.1503/cmaj.100771

Examples

# Example 1: Moderate Risk bumped to High
# 65yo Female, T-score -2.0 (Moderate Base), Prior Fracture (+1 Category)
caroc_fracture_risk("female", 65, -2.0, 1, 0)

# Example 2: Low Risk
# 55yo Male, T-score -1.0, No risk factors
caroc_fracture_risk("male", 55, -1.0, 0, 0)

cliot documentation built on Dec. 1, 2025, 1:06 a.m.