Nothing
R/mine.R
In minerva: Maximal Information-Based Nonparametric Exploration for Variable Analysis
Defines functions
.allvsallparall
.onevsallparall
.onevsall
.allvsall
check.inputs
mine
Documented in
mine
# This code is written by Michele Filosi <michele.filosi@gmail.com>
## Roberto Visintainer <r.visintainer@gmail.com>.
## 2012
## This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
## the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
## (at your option) any later version.
## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
## GNU General Public License for more details.
## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
## along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#' MINE family statistics
#' Maximal Information-Based Nonparametric Exploration (MINE)
#' statistics. \code{mine} computes the MINE family measures between two variables.
#'
#' @aliases mine MINE MIC-R2 mic-r2
#'
#' @param x a numeric vector (of size \emph{n}), matrix or data frame (which is coerced to matrix).
#' @param y NULL (default) or a numeric vector of size \emph{n} (\emph{i.e.}, with compatible dimensions to x).
#' @param master an optional vector of indices (numeric or character) to
#' be given when \code{y} is not set, otherwise master is ignored. It can be
#' either one column index to be used as reference for the comparison
#' (versus all other columns) or a vector of column indices to be used for
#' computing all mutual statistics.
# If not specified it is set to \code{1:ncol(x)}.
#' @param alpha float (0, 1.0] or >=4 if alpha is in (0,1] then B will be max(n^alpha, 4) where n is the
#' number of samples. If alpha is >=4 then alpha defines directly the B
#' parameter. If alpha is higher than the number of samples (n) it will be
#' limited to be n, so B = min(alpha, n) Default value is 0.6 (see Details).
#' @param C an optional number determining the starting point of the
#' \emph{X-by-Y} search-grid. When trying to partition the \emph{x}-axis into
#' \emph{X} columns, the algorithm will start with at most \code{C}\emph{X}
#' \emph{clumps}. Default value is 15 (see Details).
#' @param n.cores ooptional number of cores to be used in the
#' computations, when master is specified. It requires the
#' \pkg{parallel} package, which provides support for parallel
#' computing, released with \R >= 2.14.0. Defaults is 1 (\emph{i.e.}, not performing parallel computing).
#' @param var.thr minimum value allowed for the variance of the input
#' variables, since \code{mine} can not be computed in case of variance
#' close to 0. Default value is 1e-5. Information about failed check
#' are reported in \emph{var_thr.log} file.
#' @param eps integer in [0,1]. If 'NULL' (default) it is set to
#' 1-MIC. It can be set to zero for noiseless functions,
#' but the default choice is the most appropriate parametrization
#' for general cases (as stated in Reshef et al. SOM).
#' It provides robustness.
#' @param est Default value is "mic_approx". With est="mic_approx" the original MINE statistics will
#' be computed, with est="mic_e" the equicharacteristic matrix is
#' is evaluated and the mic() and tic() methods will return MIC_e and
#' TIC_e values respectively.
#' @param na.rm boolean. This variable is passed directly to the
#' \code{cor}-based functions. See \code{cor} for further details.
#' @param use Default value is "all.obs". This variable is passed directly to the
#' \code{cor}-based functions. See \code{cor} for further details.
#' @param normalization logical whether to use normalization when computing \code{tic} measure. Ignored for other measures.
#' Default to FALSE.
#' @param \dots currently ignored
#' @details \code{mine} is an R wrapper for the C engine \emph{cmine}
#' (\url{http://minepy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/}),
#' an implementation of Maximal Information-Based Nonparametric Exploration (MINE)
#' statistics. The MINE statistics were firstly detailed in
#' D. Reshef et al. (2011) \emph{Detecting novel associations in large datasets}.
#' Science 334, 6062 (\url{http://www.exploredata.net}).
#'
#' Here we recall the main concepts of the MINE family statistics.
#' Let \eqn{D={(x,y)}} be the set of \emph{n} ordered pairs of elements of \code{x}
#' and \code{y}. The data space is partitioned in
#' an \emph{X-by-Y} grid, grouping the \emph{x} and \emph{y} values
#' in \emph{X} and \emph{Y} bins respectively.\cr
#'
#' The \strong{Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC)} is defined as
#' \deqn{\textrm{MIC}(D)=\max_{XY<B(n)} M(D)_{X,Y} = \max_{XY<B(n)} \frac{I^*(D,X,Y)}{log(\min{X,Y})},}{MIC(D)=max_{XY<B(n)} M(D)_{X,Y}=max_{XY<B(n)} I*(D,X,Y)/log(min(X,Y)),} where
#' \eqn{B(n)=n^{\alpha}} is the search-grid size,
#' \eqn{I^*(D,X,Y)}{I*(D,X,Y)}
#' is the maximum mutual information over all grids \emph{X-by-Y}, of the distribution induced by D on
#' a grid having \emph{X} and \emph{Y} bins (where the probability mass on a cell
#' of the grid is the fraction of points of D falling in that cell).
#' The other statistics of the MINE family are derived from the mutual information
#' matrix achieved by an \emph{X-by-Y} grid on D.\cr
#'
#' The \strong{Maximum Asymmetry Score (MAS)} is defined as
#' \deqn{\textrm{MAS}(D) = \max_{XY<B(n)} |M(D)_{X,Y} - M(D)_{Y,X}|.}{MAS(D) = max_{XY<B(n)} |M(D)_{X,Y} - M(D)_{Y,X}|.}
#'
#' The \strong{Maximum Edge Value (MEV)} is defined as
#' \deqn{\textrm{MEV}(D) = \max_{XY<B(n)} \{M(D)_{X,Y}: X=2~or~Y=2\}.}{MEV(D) = max_{XY<B(n)} {M(D)_{X,Y}: X=2 or Y=2}.}
#'
#' The \strong{Minimum Cell Number (MCN)} is defined as
#' \deqn{\textrm{MCN}(D,\epsilon) = \min_{XY<B(n)} \{\log(XY): M(D)_{X,Y} \geq (1-\epsilon)MIC(D)\}.}{MCN(D,\epsilon) = min_{XY<B(n)} {log(XY): M(D)_{X,Y} >= (1-\epsilon)MIC(D)}.}
#' More details are provided in the supplementary material (SOM) of the original paper.
#'
#' The MINE statistics can be computed for two numeric vectors \code{x} and \code{y}.
#' Otherwise a matrix (or data frame) can be provided and two options are available
#' according to the value of \code{master}. If \code{master} is a column identifier,
#' then the MINE statistics are computed for the \emph{master} variable versus the
#' other matrix columns. If \code{master} is a set of column identifiers, then all
#' mutual MINE statistics are computed among the column subset.
#' \code{master}, \code{alpha}, and \code{C} refers respectively to the \emph{style},
#' \emph{exp}, and \emph{c} parameters of the original \emph{java} code.
#' In the original article, the authors state that the default value \eqn{\alpha=0.6}
#' (which is the exponent of the search-grid size \eqn{B(n)=n^{\alpha}}) has been
#' empirically chosen. It is worthwhile noting that \code{alpha} and \code{C} are
#' defined to obtain an heuristic approximation in a reasonable amount of time. In case
#' of small sample size (\emph{n}) it is preferable to increase \code{alpha} to 1 to
#' obtain a solution closer to the theoretical one.
#' @return The Maximal Information-Based Nonparametric Exploration (MINE) statistics
#' provide quantitative evaluations of different aspects of the relationship
#' between two variables.
#' In particular \code{mine} returns a list of 5 statistics:
#' \item{MIC}{ \strong{Maximal Information Coefficient.} \cr
#' It is related to the relationship strenght and it can be interpreted as a
#' correlation measure. It is symmetric and it ranges in [0,1], where it
#' tends to 0 for statistically independent data and it approaches 1 in
#' probability for noiseless functional relationships (more details can
#' ben found in the original paper). }
#' \item{MAS}{ \strong{Maximum Asymmetry Score.} \cr
#' It captures the deviation from monotonicity. Note that
#' \eqn{\textrm{MAS} < \textrm{MIC}}{MAS < MIC}. \cr
#' \emph{Note:} it can be useful for detecting periodic relationships
#' (unknown frequencies). }
#' \item{MEV}{ \strong{Maximum Edge Value.} \cr
#' It measures the closeness to being a function. Note that
#' \eqn{\textrm{MEV} \leq \textrm{MIC}}{MEV <= MIC}. }
#' \item{MCN}{ \strong{Minimum Cell Number.} \cr
#' It is a complexity measure. }
#' \item{MIC-R2}{It is the difference between the MIC value and the Pearson
#' correlation coefficient. } \cr
#'
#' When computing \code{mine} between two numeric vectors \code{x} and \code{y},
#' the output is a list of 5 numeric values. When \code{master} is provided,
#' \code{mine} returns a list of 5 matrices having \code{ncol} equal to
#' \emph{m}. In particular, if \code{master} is a single value,
#' then \code{mine} returns a list of 5 matrices having 1 column,
#' whose rows correspond to the MINE measures between the \emph{master}
#' column versus all. Instead if \code{master} is a vector of \emph{m} indices,
#' then \code{mine} output is a list of 5 \emph{m-by-m} matrices, whose element
#' \emph{i,j} corresponds to the MINE statistics computed between the \emph{i}
#' and \emph{j} columns of \code{x}.
#' @references
#' D. Reshef, Y. Reshef, H. Finucane, S. Grossman, G. McVean, P. Turnbaugh,
#' E. Lander, M. Mitzenmacher, P. Sabeti. (2011)
#' \emph{Detecting novel associations in large datasets}.
#' Science 334, 6062\cr
#' \url{http://www.exploredata.net}\cr
#' (SOM: Supplementary Online Material at
#' \url{https://science.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2011/12/14/334.6062.1518.DC1})
#'
#' D. Albanese, M. Filosi, R. Visintainer, S. Riccadonna, G. Jurman,
#' C. Furlanello.
#' \emph{minerva and minepy: a C engine for the MINE suite and its R, Python and MATLAB wrappers}.
#' Bioinformatics (2013) 29(3): 407-408, \doi{doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts707}.\cr
#'
#' \emph{minepy. Maximal Information-based Nonparametric Exploration in C and Python.}\cr
#' \url{http://minepy.sourceforge.net}
#'
#' @author
#' Michele Filosi and Roberto Visintainer
#' @examples
#' A <- matrix(runif(50),nrow=5)
#' mine(x=A, master=1)
#' mine(x=A, master=c(1,3,5,7,8:10))
#'
#' x <- runif(10); y <- 3*x+2; plot(x,y,type="l")
#' mine(x,y)
#' # MIC = 1
#' # MAS = 0
#' # MEV = 1
#' # MCN = 2
#' # MIC-R2 = 0
#'
#' set.seed(100); x <- runif(10); y <- 3*x+2+rnorm(10,mean=2,sd=5); plot(x,y)
#' mine(x,y)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 0.61
#' # MAS = 0
#' # MEV = 0.61
#' # MCN = 2
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.13
#'
#' t <-seq(-2*pi,2*pi,0.2); y1 <- sin(2*t); plot(t,y1,type="l")
#' mine(t,y1)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 0.66
#' # MAS = 0.37
#' # MEV = 0.66
#' # MCN = 3.58
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.62
#'
#' y2 <- sin(4*t); plot(t,y2,type="l")
#' mine(t,y2)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 0.32
#' # MAS = 0.18
#' # MEV = 0.32
#' # MCN = 3.58
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.31
#'
#' # Note that for small n it is better to increase alpha
#' mine(t,y1,alpha=1)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 1
#' # MAS = 0.59
#' # MEV = 1
#' # MCN = 5.67
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.96
#'
#' mine(t,y2,alpha=1)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 1
#' # MAS = 0.59
#' # MEV = 1
#' # MCN = 5
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.99
#'
#' # Some examples from SOM
#' x <- runif(n=1000, min=0, max=1)
#'
#' # Linear relationship
#' y1 <- x; plot(x,y1,type="l"); mine(x,y1)
#' # MIC = 1
#' # MAS = 0
#' # MEV = 1
#' # MCN = 4
#' # MIC-R2 = 0
#'
#' # Parabolic relationship
#' y2 <- 4*(x-0.5)^2; plot(sort(x),y2[order(x)],type="l"); mine(x,y2)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 1
#' # MAS = 0.68
#' # MEV = 1
#' # MCN = 5.5
#' # MIC-R2 = 1
#'
#' # Sinusoidal relationship (varying frequency)
#' y3 <- sin(6*pi*x*(1+x)); plot(sort(x),y3[order(x)],type="l"); mine(x,y3)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 1
#' # MAS = 0.85
#' # MEV = 1
#' # MCN = 4.6
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.96
#'
#' # Circle relationship
#' t <- seq(from=0,to=2*pi,length.out=1000)
#' x4 <- cos(t); y4 <- sin(t); plot(x4, y4, type="l",asp=1)
#' mine(x4,y4)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 0.68
#' # MAS = 0.01
#' # MEV = 0.32
#' # MCN = 5.98
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.68
#'
#' data(Spellman)
#' res <- mine(Spellman,master=1,n.cores=1)
#'
#' \dontrun{## example of multicore computation
#' res <- mine(Spellman,master=1,n.cores=parallel::detectCores()-1)}
#' @export
mine <- function(x, y=NULL, master=NULL, alpha=0.6, C=15, n.cores=1, var.thr=1e-5, eps=NULL, est="mic_approx",
na.rm=FALSE, use="all.obs", normalization=FALSE, ...){
## Control on input arguments
checked <- check.inputs(x,y,alpha,C,n.cores,var.thr,eps, est, na.rm, use, normalization)
x <- checked[[1]]
y <- checked[[2]]
alpha <- checked[[3]]
C <- checked[[4]]
n.cores <- checked[[5]]
eps <- checked[[6]]
est <- checked[[7]]
var.idx <- checked[[8]]
na.rm <- checked[[9]]
use <- checked[[10]]
normalization <- checked[[11]]
## only one matrix given
if (is.null(y)){
s <- dim(x)[1]
f <- dim(x)[2]
## Check for na and overwrite the input
## No need to store the input
if (na.rm | use %in% c(2L, 3L)){
x <- na.omit(x)
}
## If a master variable is passed check the type
if (!is.null(master)){
if (!is.numeric(master))
stop("'master' must be numeric")
if (max(master)>f)
stop("Subscript out of bound!\nMaximum value allowed: ",f)
if (min(master)<1)
stop("Subscript out of bound!\nMinimum value allowed: ",1)
}
if (is.null(master)){
if (n.cores>1){
## Launch parallel
res <- .allvsallparall(x,alpha,C,n.cores,eps,est, normalization)
## return(.allvsallparall(x,alpha,C,n.cores,eps))
} else{
res <- .allvsall(x,alpha,C,eps,est, normalization)
## return(.allvsall(x,alpha,C,eps))
}
} else {
if (length(master)==1){
if (n.cores>1){
res <- .onevsallparall(x,master,alpha,C,n.cores,eps,est, normalization)
## return(.onevsallparall(x,master,alpha,C,n.cores,eps))
}
else{
res <- .onevsall(x,master,alpha,C,exclude=FALSE,eps=eps, est=est, normalization=normalization)
## return(.onevsall(x,master,alpha,C,exclude=FALSE,eps))
}
}
if (length(master)>1){
newdata <- x[,master]
if (n.cores>1){
## Launch parallel
res <- .allvsallparall(newdata,alpha,C,n.cores,eps,est, normalization)
## return(.allvsallparall(newdata,alpha,C,n.cores,eps))
} else {
res <- .allvsall(newdata,alpha,C,eps,est, normalization)
## return(.allvsall(newdata,alpha,C,eps))
}
}
}
} else { ## y is given
## pairwise.complete.obs // complete.obs
if (na.rm | use%in% c(2L,3L)){
xidx <- (apply(!is.na(x), 1, sum))
yidx <- !is.na(y)
idx <- xidx & yidx
x <- as.matrix(x[idx,])
y <- as.matrix(y[idx,])
}
## two variables given
if (ncol(x) == 1 & ncol(y) == 1){
res <- .Call("mineRonevar",as.double(x),as.double(y),alpha=alpha,C=C,eps=eps, est=est, normalization=normalization)
names(res) <- c("MIC","MAS","MEV","MCN","MIC-R2", "GMIC", "TIC")
res <- as.list(res)
} else {
newdata <- cbind(x,y)
colnames(newdata)[ncol(newdata)] <- "Y"
res <- .onevsall(newdata,ncol(newdata),alpha,C,exclude=TRUE,eps=eps,est=est, normalization=normalization)
res <- lapply(res, function(x){dimnames(x) <- list(NULL, colnames(x)); return(x)})
}
}
## Set NA variables with nearly 0 variance
## TODO: set NA with nearly 0 variance when y is passed as arguments
if (!is.null(var.idx[["x"]]))
res <- lapply(res,
function(x,var.idx){
if(is.null(dim(x))){
x <- 0.0
} else {
if (length(master)==1) {
if (any(var.idx==master)){
x[,1] <- 0.0
} else {
x[var.idx,] <- 0.0
}
} else {
x[var.idx,] <- 0.0
}
}
return(x)},
var.idx=var.idx[["x"]])
## Return results
return(res)
}
##--------------------------------------------------
## Functions for internal use!
##--------------------------------------------------
## Checking input integrity
## x should be a matrix or a vector
## if x is a vector y should be given
## y should be a one dimensional vector
check.inputs <- function(x,y,alpha,C,n.cores,var.thr,eps,est,na.rm,use, normalization) {
## MINE parameters check!
if (!is.numeric(alpha)){
stop("'alpha should be numeric", call.=FALSE)
} else {
if ((alpha<=0.0 || alpha>1.0) && alpha <=4.0)
stop("'alpha' must be in (0.0, 1.0] or >= 4.0",call.=FALSE)
}
if(C<=0.0 || !is.numeric(C))
stop("'C' must be > 0.0",call.=FALSE)
## use argument
na.method <- pmatch(use, c("all.obs", "complete.obs", "pairwise.complete.obs",
"everything"))
if (is.na(na.method))
stop("invalid 'use' argument")
## Data check!
if (is.data.frame(x))
x <- as.matrix(x)
## Check for NA/missing values
if (any(is.na(x)) & !(na.rm | na.method %in% c(2L,3L))){
stop("Missing values present in input variable 'x'. Consider using use = 'pairwise.complete.obs'.", call.=FALSE)
}
if (!is.matrix(x) && is.null(y))
stop("supply both 'x' and 'y' or a matrix-like 'x'", call.=FALSE)
if (!is.numeric(x))
stop("'x' must be numeric", call.=FALSE)
stopifnot(is.atomic(x))
x <- as.matrix(x)
## Check variance
var.idx <- list()
myvar <- apply(x,2,var,na.rm=TRUE)
if (sum(myvar<var.thr)!=0)
var.idx[["x"]] <- which(myvar<var.thr)
## y not empty
if (!is.null(y)) {
if (!is.numeric(y))
stop("'y' must be numeric", call.=FALSE)
stopifnot(is.atomic(y))
y <- as.matrix(y)
## Check for NA/missing values
if (any(is.na(y)) & !(na.rm | na.method %in% c(2L,3L))){
stop("Missing values present in input variable 'y'. Consider using use = 'pairwise.complete.obs'.", call.=FALSE)
}
## Check variance on argument y
if (var(y, na.rm=TRUE)<var.thr)
var.idx[["y"]] <- c(var.idx,1)
## Control dimensions of y
if (dim(y)[2] != 1)
stop("'y' must be a 1-dimensional object", call.=FALSE)
## Consistency check between x and y
if (nrow(y) != nrow(x))
stop ("'x' and 'y': incompatible dimensions", call.=FALSE)
}
## Check for parallel computing
if (!is.numeric(n.cores))
stop("'n.cores' must be numeric")
if (!exists("detectCores")){
n.cores <- 1
warning("It seems you have an old version of R (<2.14).\nMulticore computing using 'parallel' is not available.\n'n.cores' has been set to 1",
immediate.=TRUE)
}
if (n.cores > 1){
if (detectCores()==1){
warning("Only 1 core available on this machine:'n.cores' will be ignored.\nPlease consider using a cluster.",
immediate.=TRUE)
n.cores <- 1
}
if (n.cores>detectCores())
stop("Query for more cores then the available ones.\n Max number of cores for this machine is: ",detectCores())
}
if (n.cores <= 0){
stop("You are trying to compute mic using ",n.cores," cores.. are you sure?", call.=FALSE)
}
## Check epsilon parameter for MINE
if(!is.null(eps)){
if( eps<0.0 || eps>1 || !is.numeric(eps) )
stop("'eps' must be > 0.0 and < 1.0",call.=FALSE)
}
## Check est parameter for MIC
## mic_approx -> 0
## mic_e -> 1
EST <- 0
if (est == "mic_e"){
EST <- 1
}
## Send a warning if variable with 0 variance have been found
if (!is.null(var.idx[["x"]]) || !is.null(var.idx[["y"]])){
warning("Found variables with nearly 0 variance")
}
## Check if na.rm is a boolean or a integer
if (length(na.rm)>1 || (!is.logical(na.rm) && !is.integer(na.rm)))
na.rm <- FALSE
## Check normalization parameter for tic
if ((length(normalization) > 1) || (!is.logical(normalization) && !is.integer(normalization)) )
normalization <- FALSE
normalization <- as.integer(normalization)
return(list(x=x, y=y, alpha=alpha, C=C, n.cores=n.cores, eps=eps, est=EST, var.idx=var.idx, na.rm=na.rm, use=na.method, normalization=normalization))
}
## Calling all features vs all features using C implementation
## For the source see src/mine_interface.c
.allvsall <- function(x, alpha, C,eps, est, normalization){
tmp <- .Call("mineRall",x,nrow(x),ncol(x),alpha,C, eps, est, normalization)
tmp <- lapply(tmp,function(y,n){colnames(y) <- rownames(y) <- n
return(y)}, n <- colnames(x))
return(tmp)
}
## Calling feature x[,idx] vs all other features
## Using C implementation feature vs feature
## For the source see src/mine_interface.c
.onevsall <- function(x,idx,alpha,C,eps,exclude,est,normalization, diagonal=FALSE){
if (exclude)
f <- dim(x)[2]-1
else
f <- dim(x)[2]
if (diagonal)
start <- idx
else
start <- 1
Mat1 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
Mat2 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
Mat3 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
Mat4 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
Mat5 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
Mat6 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
Mat7 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
for (i in start:f){
res <- .Call("mineRonevar",as.double(x[,idx]),as.double(x[,i]),
alpha=alpha,C=C,eps=eps, est=est, normalization=normalization)
names(res) <- c("MIC","MAS","MEV","MCN","MIC-R2", "GMIC", "TIC")
Mat1[i,1] <- res["MIC"]
Mat2[i,1] <- res["MAS"]
Mat3[i,1] <- res["MEV"]
Mat4[i,1] <- res["MCN"]
Mat5[i,1] <- res["MIC-R2"]
Mat6[i,1] <- res["GMIC"]
Mat7[i,1] <- res["TIC"]
}
return(list(MIC=Mat1,MAS=Mat2,MEV=Mat3,MCN=Mat4,MICR2=Mat5,GMIC=Mat6, TIC=Mat7))
}
## Parallel implementation of one vs all function
## NB using 'parallel' package from CRAN for R >= 2.14
## If older version of R install multicore package
.onevsallparall <- function(x,master,alpha,C,n.cores,eps, est, normalization){
f <- dim(x)[2]
cl <- makeCluster(n.cores)
res <- parLapply(cl,1:f,function(i,master,alpha,C,data,eps,est, normalization){
return(.Call("mineRonevar",as.double(data[,master]),
as.double(data[,i]),alpha=alpha,C=C,eps=eps,est=est, normalization))},
master=master,alpha=alpha,C=C,eps=eps,est=est,normalization=normalization, data=x)
stopCluster(cl)
Mat1 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
Mat2 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
Mat3 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
Mat4 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
Mat5 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
Mat6 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
Mat7 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
for (i in 1:f){
Mat1[i,1] <- res[[i]][1]
Mat2[i,1] <- res[[i]][2]
Mat3[i,1] <- res[[i]][3]
Mat4[i,1] <- res[[i]][4]
Mat5[i,1] <- res[[i]][5]
Mat6[i,1] <- res[[i]][6]
Mat7[i,1] <- res[[i]][7]
}
return(list(MIC=Mat1,MAS=Mat2,MEV=Mat3,MCN=Mat4,MICR2=Mat5,GMIC=Mat6,TIC=Mat7))
}
## Parallel implementation of all vs all function
## NB using 'parallel' package from CRAN for R >= 2.14
## If older version of R install multicore package
.allvsallparall <- function(x, alpha, C, n.cores,eps,est, normalization){
f <- dim(x)[2]
cl <- makeCluster(n.cores)
res <- parLapply(cl,1:f,function(y,data,alpha,C,eps,est, normalization){
return(.onevsall(x=data,idx=y,alpha=alpha,C=C,eps=eps,est=est,normalization=normalization, exclude=FALSE,diagonal=TRUE))},
data=x,alpha=alpha,C=C,eps=eps,est=est, normalization=normalization)
stopCluster(cl)
Mat1 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
Mat2 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
Mat3 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
Mat4 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
Mat5 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
Mat6 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
Mat7 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
for (i in seq(length(res))){
Mat1[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[1]][i:f,]
Mat1[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[1]][i:f,]
Mat2[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[2]][i:f,]
Mat2[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[2]][i:f,]
Mat3[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[3]][i:f,]
Mat3[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[3]][i:f,]
Mat4[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[4]][i:f,]
Mat4[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[4]][i:f,]
Mat5[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[5]][i:f,]
Mat5[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[5]][i:f,]
Mat6[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[6]][i:f,]
Mat6[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[6]][i:f,]
Mat7[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[7]][i:f,]
Mat7[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[7]][i:f,]
}
return(list(MIC=Mat1,MAS=Mat2,MEV=Mat3,MCN=Mat4,MICR2=Mat5,GMIC=Mat6,TIC=Mat7))
}
# .onUnload <- function (libpath) {
# library.dynam.unload("minerva", libpath)
# }
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Defines functions .allvsallparall .onevsallparall .onevsall .allvsall check.inputs mine
Documented in mine
# This code is written by Michele Filosi <michele.filosi@gmail.com>
## Roberto Visintainer <r.visintainer@gmail.com>.
## 2012
## This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
## the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
## (at your option) any later version.
## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
## GNU General Public License for more details.
## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
## along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#' MINE family statistics
#' Maximal Information-Based Nonparametric Exploration (MINE)
#' statistics. \code{mine} computes the MINE family measures between two variables.
#'
#' @aliases mine MINE MIC-R2 mic-r2
#'
#' @param x a numeric vector (of size \emph{n}), matrix or data frame (which is coerced to matrix).
#' @param y NULL (default) or a numeric vector of size \emph{n} (\emph{i.e.}, with compatible dimensions to x).
#' @param master an optional vector of indices (numeric or character) to
#' be given when \code{y} is not set, otherwise master is ignored. It can be
#' either one column index to be used as reference for the comparison
#' (versus all other columns) or a vector of column indices to be used for
#' computing all mutual statistics.
# If not specified it is set to \code{1:ncol(x)}.
#' @param alpha float (0, 1.0] or >=4 if alpha is in (0,1] then B will be max(n^alpha, 4) where n is the
#' number of samples. If alpha is >=4 then alpha defines directly the B
#' parameter. If alpha is higher than the number of samples (n) it will be
#' limited to be n, so B = min(alpha, n) Default value is 0.6 (see Details).
#' @param C an optional number determining the starting point of the
#' \emph{X-by-Y} search-grid. When trying to partition the \emph{x}-axis into
#' \emph{X} columns, the algorithm will start with at most \code{C}\emph{X}
#' \emph{clumps}. Default value is 15 (see Details).
#' @param n.cores ooptional number of cores to be used in the
#' computations, when master is specified. It requires the
#' \pkg{parallel} package, which provides support for parallel
#' computing, released with \R >= 2.14.0. Defaults is 1 (\emph{i.e.}, not performing parallel computing).
#' @param var.thr minimum value allowed for the variance of the input
#' variables, since \code{mine} can not be computed in case of variance
#' close to 0. Default value is 1e-5. Information about failed check
#' are reported in \emph{var_thr.log} file.
#' @param eps integer in [0,1]. If 'NULL' (default) it is set to
#' 1-MIC. It can be set to zero for noiseless functions,
#' but the default choice is the most appropriate parametrization
#' for general cases (as stated in Reshef et al. SOM).
#' It provides robustness.
#' @param est Default value is "mic_approx". With est="mic_approx" the original MINE statistics will
#' be computed, with est="mic_e" the equicharacteristic matrix is
#' is evaluated and the mic() and tic() methods will return MIC_e and
#' TIC_e values respectively.
#' @param na.rm boolean. This variable is passed directly to the
#' \code{cor}-based functions. See \code{cor} for further details.
#' @param use Default value is "all.obs". This variable is passed directly to the
#' \code{cor}-based functions. See \code{cor} for further details.
#' @param normalization logical whether to use normalization when computing \code{tic} measure. Ignored for other measures.
#' Default to FALSE.
#' @param \dots currently ignored
#' @details \code{mine} is an R wrapper for the C engine \emph{cmine}
#' (\url{http://minepy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/}),
#' an implementation of Maximal Information-Based Nonparametric Exploration (MINE)
#' statistics. The MINE statistics were firstly detailed in
#' D. Reshef et al. (2011) \emph{Detecting novel associations in large datasets}.
#' Science 334, 6062 (\url{http://www.exploredata.net}).
#'
#' Here we recall the main concepts of the MINE family statistics.
#' Let \eqn{D={(x,y)}} be the set of \emph{n} ordered pairs of elements of \code{x}
#' and \code{y}. The data space is partitioned in
#' an \emph{X-by-Y} grid, grouping the \emph{x} and \emph{y} values
#' in \emph{X} and \emph{Y} bins respectively.\cr
#'
#' The \strong{Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC)} is defined as
#' \deqn{\textrm{MIC}(D)=\max_{XY<B(n)} M(D)_{X,Y} = \max_{XY<B(n)} \frac{I^*(D,X,Y)}{log(\min{X,Y})},}{MIC(D)=max_{XY<B(n)} M(D)_{X,Y}=max_{XY<B(n)} I*(D,X,Y)/log(min(X,Y)),} where
#' \eqn{B(n)=n^{\alpha}} is the search-grid size,
#' \eqn{I^*(D,X,Y)}{I*(D,X,Y)}
#' is the maximum mutual information over all grids \emph{X-by-Y}, of the distribution induced by D on
#' a grid having \emph{X} and \emph{Y} bins (where the probability mass on a cell
#' of the grid is the fraction of points of D falling in that cell).
#' The other statistics of the MINE family are derived from the mutual information
#' matrix achieved by an \emph{X-by-Y} grid on D.\cr
#'
#' The \strong{Maximum Asymmetry Score (MAS)} is defined as
#' \deqn{\textrm{MAS}(D) = \max_{XY<B(n)} |M(D)_{X,Y} - M(D)_{Y,X}|.}{MAS(D) = max_{XY<B(n)} |M(D)_{X,Y} - M(D)_{Y,X}|.}
#'
#' The \strong{Maximum Edge Value (MEV)} is defined as
#' \deqn{\textrm{MEV}(D) = \max_{XY<B(n)} \{M(D)_{X,Y}: X=2~or~Y=2\}.}{MEV(D) = max_{XY<B(n)} {M(D)_{X,Y}: X=2 or Y=2}.}
#'
#' The \strong{Minimum Cell Number (MCN)} is defined as
#' \deqn{\textrm{MCN}(D,\epsilon) = \min_{XY<B(n)} \{\log(XY): M(D)_{X,Y} \geq (1-\epsilon)MIC(D)\}.}{MCN(D,\epsilon) = min_{XY<B(n)} {log(XY): M(D)_{X,Y} >= (1-\epsilon)MIC(D)}.}
#' More details are provided in the supplementary material (SOM) of the original paper.
#'
#' The MINE statistics can be computed for two numeric vectors \code{x} and \code{y}.
#' Otherwise a matrix (or data frame) can be provided and two options are available
#' according to the value of \code{master}. If \code{master} is a column identifier,
#' then the MINE statistics are computed for the \emph{master} variable versus the
#' other matrix columns. If \code{master} is a set of column identifiers, then all
#' mutual MINE statistics are computed among the column subset.
#' \code{master}, \code{alpha}, and \code{C} refers respectively to the \emph{style},
#' \emph{exp}, and \emph{c} parameters of the original \emph{java} code.
#' In the original article, the authors state that the default value \eqn{\alpha=0.6}
#' (which is the exponent of the search-grid size \eqn{B(n)=n^{\alpha}}) has been
#' empirically chosen. It is worthwhile noting that \code{alpha} and \code{C} are
#' defined to obtain an heuristic approximation in a reasonable amount of time. In case
#' of small sample size (\emph{n}) it is preferable to increase \code{alpha} to 1 to
#' obtain a solution closer to the theoretical one.
#' @return The Maximal Information-Based Nonparametric Exploration (MINE) statistics
#' provide quantitative evaluations of different aspects of the relationship
#' between two variables.
#' In particular \code{mine} returns a list of 5 statistics:
#' \item{MIC}{ \strong{Maximal Information Coefficient.} \cr
#' It is related to the relationship strenght and it can be interpreted as a
#' correlation measure. It is symmetric and it ranges in [0,1], where it
#' tends to 0 for statistically independent data and it approaches 1 in
#' probability for noiseless functional relationships (more details can
#' ben found in the original paper). }
#' \item{MAS}{ \strong{Maximum Asymmetry Score.} \cr
#' It captures the deviation from monotonicity. Note that
#' \eqn{\textrm{MAS} < \textrm{MIC}}{MAS < MIC}. \cr
#' \emph{Note:} it can be useful for detecting periodic relationships
#' (unknown frequencies). }
#' \item{MEV}{ \strong{Maximum Edge Value.} \cr
#' It measures the closeness to being a function. Note that
#' \eqn{\textrm{MEV} \leq \textrm{MIC}}{MEV <= MIC}. }
#' \item{MCN}{ \strong{Minimum Cell Number.} \cr
#' It is a complexity measure. }
#' \item{MIC-R2}{It is the difference between the MIC value and the Pearson
#' correlation coefficient. } \cr
#'
#' When computing \code{mine} between two numeric vectors \code{x} and \code{y},
#' the output is a list of 5 numeric values. When \code{master} is provided,
#' \code{mine} returns a list of 5 matrices having \code{ncol} equal to
#' \emph{m}. In particular, if \code{master} is a single value,
#' then \code{mine} returns a list of 5 matrices having 1 column,
#' whose rows correspond to the MINE measures between the \emph{master}
#' column versus all. Instead if \code{master} is a vector of \emph{m} indices,
#' then \code{mine} output is a list of 5 \emph{m-by-m} matrices, whose element
#' \emph{i,j} corresponds to the MINE statistics computed between the \emph{i}
#' and \emph{j} columns of \code{x}.
#' @references
#' D. Reshef, Y. Reshef, H. Finucane, S. Grossman, G. McVean, P. Turnbaugh,
#' E. Lander, M. Mitzenmacher, P. Sabeti. (2011)
#' \emph{Detecting novel associations in large datasets}.
#' Science 334, 6062\cr
#' \url{http://www.exploredata.net}\cr
#' (SOM: Supplementary Online Material at
#' \url{https://science.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2011/12/14/334.6062.1518.DC1})
#'
#' D. Albanese, M. Filosi, R. Visintainer, S. Riccadonna, G. Jurman,
#' C. Furlanello.
#' \emph{minerva and minepy: a C engine for the MINE suite and its R, Python and MATLAB wrappers}.
#' Bioinformatics (2013) 29(3): 407-408, \doi{doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts707}.\cr
#'
#' \emph{minepy. Maximal Information-based Nonparametric Exploration in C and Python.}\cr
#' \url{http://minepy.sourceforge.net}
#'
#' @author
#' Michele Filosi and Roberto Visintainer
#' @examples
#' A <- matrix(runif(50),nrow=5)
#' mine(x=A, master=1)
#' mine(x=A, master=c(1,3,5,7,8:10))
#'
#' x <- runif(10); y <- 3*x+2; plot(x,y,type="l")
#' mine(x,y)
#' # MIC = 1
#' # MAS = 0
#' # MEV = 1
#' # MCN = 2
#' # MIC-R2 = 0
#'
#' set.seed(100); x <- runif(10); y <- 3*x+2+rnorm(10,mean=2,sd=5); plot(x,y)
#' mine(x,y)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 0.61
#' # MAS = 0
#' # MEV = 0.61
#' # MCN = 2
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.13
#'
#' t <-seq(-2*pi,2*pi,0.2); y1 <- sin(2*t); plot(t,y1,type="l")
#' mine(t,y1)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 0.66
#' # MAS = 0.37
#' # MEV = 0.66
#' # MCN = 3.58
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.62
#'
#' y2 <- sin(4*t); plot(t,y2,type="l")
#' mine(t,y2)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 0.32
#' # MAS = 0.18
#' # MEV = 0.32
#' # MCN = 3.58
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.31
#'
#' # Note that for small n it is better to increase alpha
#' mine(t,y1,alpha=1)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 1
#' # MAS = 0.59
#' # MEV = 1
#' # MCN = 5.67
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.96
#'
#' mine(t,y2,alpha=1)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 1
#' # MAS = 0.59
#' # MEV = 1
#' # MCN = 5
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.99
#'
#' # Some examples from SOM
#' x <- runif(n=1000, min=0, max=1)
#'
#' # Linear relationship
#' y1 <- x; plot(x,y1,type="l"); mine(x,y1)
#' # MIC = 1
#' # MAS = 0
#' # MEV = 1
#' # MCN = 4
#' # MIC-R2 = 0
#'
#' # Parabolic relationship
#' y2 <- 4*(x-0.5)^2; plot(sort(x),y2[order(x)],type="l"); mine(x,y2)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 1
#' # MAS = 0.68
#' # MEV = 1
#' # MCN = 5.5
#' # MIC-R2 = 1
#'
#' # Sinusoidal relationship (varying frequency)
#' y3 <- sin(6*pi*x*(1+x)); plot(sort(x),y3[order(x)],type="l"); mine(x,y3)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 1
#' # MAS = 0.85
#' # MEV = 1
#' # MCN = 4.6
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.96
#'
#' # Circle relationship
#' t <- seq(from=0,to=2*pi,length.out=1000)
#' x4 <- cos(t); y4 <- sin(t); plot(x4, y4, type="l",asp=1)
#' mine(x4,y4)
#' # rounded values of MINE statistics
#' # MIC = 0.68
#' # MAS = 0.01
#' # MEV = 0.32
#' # MCN = 5.98
#' # MIC-R2 = 0.68
#'
#' data(Spellman)
#' res <- mine(Spellman,master=1,n.cores=1)
#'
#' \dontrun{## example of multicore computation
#' res <- mine(Spellman,master=1,n.cores=parallel::detectCores()-1)}
#' @export
mine <- function(x, y=NULL, master=NULL, alpha=0.6, C=15, n.cores=1, var.thr=1e-5, eps=NULL, est="mic_approx",
na.rm=FALSE, use="all.obs", normalization=FALSE, ...){
## Control on input arguments
checked <- check.inputs(x,y,alpha,C,n.cores,var.thr,eps, est, na.rm, use, normalization)
x <- checked[[1]]
y <- checked[[2]]
alpha <- checked[[3]]
C <- checked[[4]]
n.cores <- checked[[5]]
eps <- checked[[6]]
est <- checked[[7]]
var.idx <- checked[[8]]
na.rm <- checked[[9]]
use <- checked[[10]]
normalization <- checked[[11]]
## only one matrix given
if (is.null(y)){
s <- dim(x)[1]
f <- dim(x)[2]
## Check for na and overwrite the input
## No need to store the input
if (na.rm | use %in% c(2L, 3L)){
x <- na.omit(x)
}
## If a master variable is passed check the type
if (!is.null(master)){
if (!is.numeric(master))
stop("'master' must be numeric")
if (max(master)>f)
stop("Subscript out of bound!\nMaximum value allowed: ",f)
if (min(master)<1)
stop("Subscript out of bound!\nMinimum value allowed: ",1)
}
if (is.null(master)){
if (n.cores>1){
## Launch parallel
res <- .allvsallparall(x,alpha,C,n.cores,eps,est, normalization)
## return(.allvsallparall(x,alpha,C,n.cores,eps))
} else{
res <- .allvsall(x,alpha,C,eps,est, normalization)
## return(.allvsall(x,alpha,C,eps))
}
} else {
if (length(master)==1){
if (n.cores>1){
res <- .onevsallparall(x,master,alpha,C,n.cores,eps,est, normalization)
## return(.onevsallparall(x,master,alpha,C,n.cores,eps))
}
else{
res <- .onevsall(x,master,alpha,C,exclude=FALSE,eps=eps, est=est, normalization=normalization)
## return(.onevsall(x,master,alpha,C,exclude=FALSE,eps))
}
}
if (length(master)>1){
newdata <- x[,master]
if (n.cores>1){
## Launch parallel
res <- .allvsallparall(newdata,alpha,C,n.cores,eps,est, normalization)
## return(.allvsallparall(newdata,alpha,C,n.cores,eps))
} else {
res <- .allvsall(newdata,alpha,C,eps,est, normalization)
## return(.allvsall(newdata,alpha,C,eps))
}
}
}
} else { ## y is given
## pairwise.complete.obs // complete.obs
if (na.rm | use%in% c(2L,3L)){
xidx <- (apply(!is.na(x), 1, sum))
yidx <- !is.na(y)
idx <- xidx & yidx
x <- as.matrix(x[idx,])
y <- as.matrix(y[idx,])
}
## two variables given
if (ncol(x) == 1 & ncol(y) == 1){
res <- .Call("mineRonevar",as.double(x),as.double(y),alpha=alpha,C=C,eps=eps, est=est, normalization=normalization)
names(res) <- c("MIC","MAS","MEV","MCN","MIC-R2", "GMIC", "TIC")
res <- as.list(res)
} else {
newdata <- cbind(x,y)
colnames(newdata)[ncol(newdata)] <- "Y"
res <- .onevsall(newdata,ncol(newdata),alpha,C,exclude=TRUE,eps=eps,est=est, normalization=normalization)
res <- lapply(res, function(x){dimnames(x) <- list(NULL, colnames(x)); return(x)})
}
}
## Set NA variables with nearly 0 variance
## TODO: set NA with nearly 0 variance when y is passed as arguments
if (!is.null(var.idx[["x"]]))
res <- lapply(res,
function(x,var.idx){
if(is.null(dim(x))){
x <- 0.0
} else {
if (length(master)==1) {
if (any(var.idx==master)){
x[,1] <- 0.0
} else {
x[var.idx,] <- 0.0
}
} else {
x[var.idx,] <- 0.0
}
}
return(x)},
var.idx=var.idx[["x"]])
## Return results
return(res)
}
##--------------------------------------------------
## Functions for internal use!
##--------------------------------------------------
## Checking input integrity
## x should be a matrix or a vector
## if x is a vector y should be given
## y should be a one dimensional vector
check.inputs <- function(x,y,alpha,C,n.cores,var.thr,eps,est,na.rm,use, normalization) {
## MINE parameters check!
if (!is.numeric(alpha)){
stop("'alpha should be numeric", call.=FALSE)
} else {
if ((alpha<=0.0 || alpha>1.0) && alpha <=4.0)
stop("'alpha' must be in (0.0, 1.0] or >= 4.0",call.=FALSE)
}
if(C<=0.0 || !is.numeric(C))
stop("'C' must be > 0.0",call.=FALSE)
## use argument
na.method <- pmatch(use, c("all.obs", "complete.obs", "pairwise.complete.obs",
"everything"))
if (is.na(na.method))
stop("invalid 'use' argument")
## Data check!
if (is.data.frame(x))
x <- as.matrix(x)
## Check for NA/missing values
if (any(is.na(x)) & !(na.rm | na.method %in% c(2L,3L))){
stop("Missing values present in input variable 'x'. Consider using use = 'pairwise.complete.obs'.", call.=FALSE)
}
if (!is.matrix(x) && is.null(y))
stop("supply both 'x' and 'y' or a matrix-like 'x'", call.=FALSE)
if (!is.numeric(x))
stop("'x' must be numeric", call.=FALSE)
stopifnot(is.atomic(x))
x <- as.matrix(x)
## Check variance
var.idx <- list()
myvar <- apply(x,2,var,na.rm=TRUE)
if (sum(myvar<var.thr)!=0)
var.idx[["x"]] <- which(myvar<var.thr)
## y not empty
if (!is.null(y)) {
if (!is.numeric(y))
stop("'y' must be numeric", call.=FALSE)
stopifnot(is.atomic(y))
y <- as.matrix(y)
## Check for NA/missing values
if (any(is.na(y)) & !(na.rm | na.method %in% c(2L,3L))){
stop("Missing values present in input variable 'y'. Consider using use = 'pairwise.complete.obs'.", call.=FALSE)
}
## Check variance on argument y
if (var(y, na.rm=TRUE)<var.thr)
var.idx[["y"]] <- c(var.idx,1)
## Control dimensions of y
if (dim(y)[2] != 1)
stop("'y' must be a 1-dimensional object", call.=FALSE)
## Consistency check between x and y
if (nrow(y) != nrow(x))
stop ("'x' and 'y': incompatible dimensions", call.=FALSE)
}
## Check for parallel computing
if (!is.numeric(n.cores))
stop("'n.cores' must be numeric")
if (!exists("detectCores")){
n.cores <- 1
warning("It seems you have an old version of R (<2.14).\nMulticore computing using 'parallel' is not available.\n'n.cores' has been set to 1",
immediate.=TRUE)
}
if (n.cores > 1){
if (detectCores()==1){
warning("Only 1 core available on this machine:'n.cores' will be ignored.\nPlease consider using a cluster.",
immediate.=TRUE)
n.cores <- 1
}
if (n.cores>detectCores())
stop("Query for more cores then the available ones.\n Max number of cores for this machine is: ",detectCores())
}
if (n.cores <= 0){
stop("You are trying to compute mic using ",n.cores," cores.. are you sure?", call.=FALSE)
}
## Check epsilon parameter for MINE
if(!is.null(eps)){
if( eps<0.0 || eps>1 || !is.numeric(eps) )
stop("'eps' must be > 0.0 and < 1.0",call.=FALSE)
}
## Check est parameter for MIC
## mic_approx -> 0
## mic_e -> 1
EST <- 0
if (est == "mic_e"){
EST <- 1
}
## Send a warning if variable with 0 variance have been found
if (!is.null(var.idx[["x"]]) || !is.null(var.idx[["y"]])){
warning("Found variables with nearly 0 variance")
}
## Check if na.rm is a boolean or a integer
if (length(na.rm)>1 || (!is.logical(na.rm) && !is.integer(na.rm)))
na.rm <- FALSE
## Check normalization parameter for tic
if ((length(normalization) > 1) || (!is.logical(normalization) && !is.integer(normalization)) )
normalization <- FALSE
normalization <- as.integer(normalization)
return(list(x=x, y=y, alpha=alpha, C=C, n.cores=n.cores, eps=eps, est=EST, var.idx=var.idx, na.rm=na.rm, use=na.method, normalization=normalization))
}
## Calling all features vs all features using C implementation
## For the source see src/mine_interface.c
.allvsall <- function(x, alpha, C,eps, est, normalization){
tmp <- .Call("mineRall",x,nrow(x),ncol(x),alpha,C, eps, est, normalization)
tmp <- lapply(tmp,function(y,n){colnames(y) <- rownames(y) <- n
return(y)}, n <- colnames(x))
return(tmp)
}
## Calling feature x[,idx] vs all other features
## Using C implementation feature vs feature
## For the source see src/mine_interface.c
.onevsall <- function(x,idx,alpha,C,eps,exclude,est,normalization, diagonal=FALSE){
if (exclude)
f <- dim(x)[2]-1
else
f <- dim(x)[2]
if (diagonal)
start <- idx
else
start <- 1
Mat1 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
Mat2 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
Mat3 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
Mat4 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
Mat5 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
Mat6 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
Mat7 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[idx]))
for (i in start:f){
res <- .Call("mineRonevar",as.double(x[,idx]),as.double(x[,i]),
alpha=alpha,C=C,eps=eps, est=est, normalization=normalization)
names(res) <- c("MIC","MAS","MEV","MCN","MIC-R2", "GMIC", "TIC")
Mat1[i,1] <- res["MIC"]
Mat2[i,1] <- res["MAS"]
Mat3[i,1] <- res["MEV"]
Mat4[i,1] <- res["MCN"]
Mat5[i,1] <- res["MIC-R2"]
Mat6[i,1] <- res["GMIC"]
Mat7[i,1] <- res["TIC"]
}
return(list(MIC=Mat1,MAS=Mat2,MEV=Mat3,MCN=Mat4,MICR2=Mat5,GMIC=Mat6, TIC=Mat7))
}
## Parallel implementation of one vs all function
## NB using 'parallel' package from CRAN for R >= 2.14
## If older version of R install multicore package
.onevsallparall <- function(x,master,alpha,C,n.cores,eps, est, normalization){
f <- dim(x)[2]
cl <- makeCluster(n.cores)
res <- parLapply(cl,1:f,function(i,master,alpha,C,data,eps,est, normalization){
return(.Call("mineRonevar",as.double(data[,master]),
as.double(data[,i]),alpha=alpha,C=C,eps=eps,est=est, normalization))},
master=master,alpha=alpha,C=C,eps=eps,est=est,normalization=normalization, data=x)
stopCluster(cl)
Mat1 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
Mat2 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
Mat3 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
Mat4 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
Mat5 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
Mat6 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
Mat7 <- matrix(0,nrow=f,ncol=1,dimnames=list(colnames(x)[1:f],colnames(x)[master]))
for (i in 1:f){
Mat1[i,1] <- res[[i]][1]
Mat2[i,1] <- res[[i]][2]
Mat3[i,1] <- res[[i]][3]
Mat4[i,1] <- res[[i]][4]
Mat5[i,1] <- res[[i]][5]
Mat6[i,1] <- res[[i]][6]
Mat7[i,1] <- res[[i]][7]
}
return(list(MIC=Mat1,MAS=Mat2,MEV=Mat3,MCN=Mat4,MICR2=Mat5,GMIC=Mat6,TIC=Mat7))
}
## Parallel implementation of all vs all function
## NB using 'parallel' package from CRAN for R >= 2.14
## If older version of R install multicore package
.allvsallparall <- function(x, alpha, C, n.cores,eps,est, normalization){
f <- dim(x)[2]
cl <- makeCluster(n.cores)
res <- parLapply(cl,1:f,function(y,data,alpha,C,eps,est, normalization){
return(.onevsall(x=data,idx=y,alpha=alpha,C=C,eps=eps,est=est,normalization=normalization, exclude=FALSE,diagonal=TRUE))},
data=x,alpha=alpha,C=C,eps=eps,est=est, normalization=normalization)
stopCluster(cl)
Mat1 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
Mat2 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
Mat3 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
Mat4 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
Mat5 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
Mat6 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
Mat7 <- matrix(0,ncol=f,nrow=f,dimnames=list(colnames(x),colnames(x)))
for (i in seq(length(res))){
Mat1[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[1]][i:f,]
Mat1[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[1]][i:f,]
Mat2[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[2]][i:f,]
Mat2[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[2]][i:f,]
Mat3[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[3]][i:f,]
Mat3[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[3]][i:f,]
Mat4[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[4]][i:f,]
Mat4[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[4]][i:f,]
Mat5[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[5]][i:f,]
Mat5[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[5]][i:f,]
Mat6[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[6]][i:f,]
Mat6[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[6]][i:f,]
Mat7[i,i:f] <- res[[i]][[7]][i:f,]
Mat7[i:f,i] <- res[[i]][[7]][i:f,]
}
return(list(MIC=Mat1,MAS=Mat2,MEV=Mat3,MCN=Mat4,MICR2=Mat5,GMIC=Mat6,TIC=Mat7))
}
# .onUnload <- function (libpath) {
# library.dynam.unload("minerva", libpath)
# }
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