R/004_attm_uni_ln.R

In noisemodel: Noise Models for Classification Datasets

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#' @export
attm_uni_ln <- function(x, ...) UseMethod("attm_uni_ln")

#' Attribute-mean uniform label noise
#'
#' Introduction of \emph{Attribute-mean uniform label noise} into a classification dataset.
#'
#' For each sample, its distance to the mean of each attribute is computed. Then, 
#' (\code{level}·100)\% of the samples in the dataset are randomly selected to be
#' mislabeled, more likely choosing samples whose features are generally close to the mean.
#' The labels of these samples are randomly replaced by other different ones within the set 
#' of class labels.
#'
#' @param x a data frame of input attributes.
#' @param y a factor vector with the output class of each sample.
#' @param level a double in [0,1] with the noise level to be introduced.
#' @param sortid a logical indicating if the indices must be sorted at the output (default: \code{TRUE}).
#' @param formula a formula with the output class and, at least, one input attribute.
#' @param data a data frame in which to interpret the variables in the formula.
#' @param ... other options to pass to the function.
#'
#' @return An object of class \code{ndmodel} with elements:
#' \item{xnoise}{a data frame with the noisy input attributes.}
#' \item{ynoise}{a factor vector with the noisy output class.}
#' \item{numnoise}{an integer vector with the amount of noisy samples per class.}
#' \item{idnoise}{an integer vector list with the indices of noisy samples.}
#' \item{numclean}{an integer vector with the amount of clean samples per class.}
#' \item{idclean}{an integer vector list with the indices of clean samples.}
#' \item{distr}{an integer vector with the samples per class in the original data.}
#' \item{model}{the full name of the noise introduction model used.}
#' \item{param}{a list of the argument values.}
#' \item{call}{the function call.}
#'
#' @references
#' B. Nicholson, V. S. Sheng, and J. Zhang. 
#' \strong{Label noise correction and application in crowdsourcing}. 
#' \emph{Expert Systems with Applications}, 66:149-162, 2016.
#' \doi{10.1016/j.eswa.2016.09.003}.
#'
#' @examples
#' # load the dataset
#' data(iris2D)
#'
#' # usage of the default method
#' set.seed(9)
#' outdef <- attm_uni_ln(x = iris2D[,-ncol(iris2D)], y = iris2D[,ncol(iris2D)], level = 0.1)
#'
#' # show results
#' summary(outdef, showid = TRUE)
#' plot(outdef)
#'
#' # usage of the method for class formula
#' set.seed(9)
#' outfrm <- attm_uni_ln(formula = Species ~ ., data = iris2D, level = 0.1)
#'
#' # check the match of noisy indices
#' identical(outdef$idnoise, outfrm$idnoise)
#' 
#' @note Noise model adapted from the papers in References
#'
#' @seealso \code{\link{qua_uni_ln}}, \code{\link{exps_cuni_ln}}, \code{\link{print.ndmodel}}, \code{\link{summary.ndmodel}}, \code{\link{plot.ndmodel}}
#'
#' @name attm_uni_ln
NULL

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#' @export
#' @rdname attm_uni_ln
#' @importFrom "stats" "dnorm"
attm_uni_ln.default <- function(x, y, level, sortid = TRUE, ...){

  ######################################################
  # check for errors #########
  if(!is.data.frame(x)){
    stop("argument \"x\" must be a data frame")
  }
  if(!is.factor(y)){
    stop("argument \"y\" must be a factor vector")
  }
  if(nlevels(y) < 2){
    stop("argument \"y\" must have at least 2 levels")
  }
  if(level < 0 || level > 1){
    stop("argument \"level\" must be in [0,1]")
  }
  if(nrow(x) != length(y)){
    stop("number of rows of \"x\" must be equal to length of \"y\"")
  }
  if(any(sapply(x, is.numeric) == FALSE)){
    stop("column types of \"x\" must be numeric")
  }

  ######################################################
  # introduce noise #########
  attm <- apply(X = x, MARGIN = 2, FUN = mean)
  dist <- apply(X = x, MARGIN = 1, FUN = function(v){sqrt(sum((v - attm) ^ 2))})
  
  mean_ <- 0
  sd_ <- sd(dist)
  
  # density function
  denfun <- rep(NA, nrow(x))
  for(i in 1:nrow(x)){
    denfun[i] <- dnorm(x = dist[i], mean = mean_, sd = sd_)
  }
  
  # highest values
  num_noise <- round(nrow(x)*level)
  idx_noise <- sample(x = 1:nrow(x), size = num_noise, replace = FALSE, prob = denfun)
  if(sortid)
    idx_noise <- sort(idx_noise)

  classes <- levels(y)
  nnoiseclass <- as.vector(table(factor(y[idx_noise], levels = classes)))
  names(nnoiseclass) <- classes
  distr <- as.vector(table(factor(y, levels = classes)))
  names(distr) <- classes

  if(num_noise > 0){
    newvalues <- sample_replace(x = 1:nlevels(y), size = num_noise, original = FALSE, ref = as.integer(y[idx_noise]))
    newvalues <- levels(y)[newvalues]
    y[idx_noise] <- newvalues
  }

  ######################################################
  # create object of class 'ndmodel' #########
  call <- match.call()
  call[[1]] <- as.name("attm_uni_ln")
  res <- list(xnoise = x,
              ynoise = y,
              numnoise = nnoiseclass,
              idnoise = list(idx_noise),
              numclean = distr-nnoiseclass,
              idclean = list(setdiff(1:nrow(x),idx_noise)),
              distr = distr,
              model = "Attribute-mean uniform label noise",
              param = list(level = level, sortid = sortid),
              call = call
  )
  class(res) <- "ndmodel"
  return(res)
}

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#' @export
#' @rdname attm_uni_ln
#' @importFrom "stats" "model.frame"
attm_uni_ln.formula <- function(formula, data, ...){

  if(!is.data.frame(data)){
    stop("argument \"data\" must be a data frame")
  }

  mf <- model.frame(formula,data)
  attr(mf,"terms") <- NULL

  x <- mf[,-1]
  y <- mf[,1]

  res <- attm_uni_ln.default(x = x, y = y, ...)
  res$call <- match.call(expand.dots = TRUE)
  res$call[[1]] <- as.name("attm_uni_ln")

  return(res)
}

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