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#' Mapcurves
#'
#' Mapcurves: a quantitative method for comparing categorical maps.
#'
#' @param x A numeric vector, representing a categorical values.
#' @param y A numeric vector, representing a categorical values.
#' @param z A numeric matrix. The goodness of fit (GOF) value for each pair of
#' classes in `x` and `y`. By default this argument is set to `NULL`,
#' and the value of `z` is calculated based on `x` and `y`.
#'
#' @return A list with two elements:
#' * "ref_map" - the map to be used as reference ("x" or "y")
#' * "gof" - the Mapcurves's goodness of fit value
#'
#' @references Hargrove, William W., Forrest M. Hoffman, and Paul F. Hessburg.
#' "Mapcurves: a quantitative method for comparing categorical maps."
#' Journal of Geographical Systems 8.2 (2006): 187.
#'
#' @importFrom utils head tail
#'
#' @examples
#' set.seed(2018-03-21)
#' A = floor(matrix(runif(100, 0, 9), 10))
#' B = floor(matrix(runif(100, 0, 9), 10))
#' mapcurves(A, B)
#'
#' @export
mapcurves = function(x, y, z = NULL){
if (is.null(z)){
# crosstable of categories
xy_table = table(x, y)
z = xy_table^2 / tcrossprod(rowSums(xy_table), colSums(xy_table))
}
# row and col sums
z_xsum = c(0, sort(rowSums(z)), 1)
z_ysum = c(0, sort(colSums(z)), 1)
# values shares
share_x = c(1, seq(1, 0, length.out = nrow(z)), 0)
share_y = c(1, seq(1, 0, length.out = ncol(z)), 0)
# data.frame plot
df_x = data.frame(x = z_xsum, y = share_x, type = "x")
df_y = data.frame(x = z_ysum, y = share_y, type = "y")
# # plot
# df = rbind(df_x, df_y)
# library(ggplot2)
# print(ggplot(df, aes(x, y, color = type)) + geom_point() + geom_line())
# area under curve
gof_x = area_under_curve(df_x$x, df_x$y)
gof_y = area_under_curve(df_y$x, df_y$y)
# output
if (gof_x >= gof_y){
gof = gof_x
map = "x"
} else {
gof = gof_y
map = "x"
}
# result
result = list(ref_map = map, gof = gof)
class(result) = c("mapcurves")
return(result)
}
area_under_curve = function(x, y){
sum(diff(x) * (head(y, -1) + tail(y, -1))) / 2
}
#' @export
format.mapcurves = function(x, ...){
paste("Results:\n\n",
"The goodness of fit:", round(x$gof, 2), "\n",
"Reference map:", x$ref_map)
}
#' @export
print.mapcurves = function(x, ...){
cat(format(x, ...), "\n")
}
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