merge: Merge SpatRasters, or merge a SpatVector with a data.frame
In terra: Spatial Data Analysis

merge

R Documentation

Merge SpatRasters, or merge a SpatVector with a data.frame

Description

Merge multiple SpatRasters to create a new SpatRaster with a larger spatial extent. The SpatRasters should all have the same coordinate reference system. They should normally also have the same spatial origin and resolution, but automatic resampling can be done depending on the algorithm used (see argument algo). In areas where the SpatRasters overlap, the values of the SpatRaster that is first in the sequence of arguments (or in the SpatRasterCollection) will be retained (unless first=FALSE).

There is also a method for merging SpatVector with a data.frame; that is, to join the data.frame to the attribute table of the SpatVector.

See classify to merge a SpatRaster with a data.frame.

Usage

## S4 method for signature 'SpatRaster,SpatRaster'
merge(x, y, ..., first=TRUE, na.rm=TRUE, algo=1, resample=FALSE, method="", 
			filename="", overwrite=FALSE, wopt=list())

## S4 method for signature 'SpatRasterCollection,missing'
merge(x, first=TRUE, na.rm=TRUE, algo=1, resample=FALSE, method="", filename="", ...)

## S4 method for signature 'SpatVector,data.frame'
merge(x, y, ...)

Arguments

`x`	SpatRaster, SpatRasterCollection, or SpatVector
`y`	missing if `x` is a SpatRasterCollection. SpatRaster if `x` is a SpatRaster. data.frame if `x` is a SpatVector
`...`	if `x` is a SpatRaster: additional objects of the same class as `x`. If `x` is a SpatRasterCollection: options for writing files as in `writeRaster`. If `x` is a SpatVector, the same arguments as in `merge`
`first`	logical. If `TRUE`, in areas where rasters overlap, the first value is used. Otherwise the last value is used
`na.rm`	logical. If `TRUE` missing values are are ignored. This is only used for algo 1; the other two always ignore missing values
`algo`	integer. You can use 1, 2 or 3 to pick a merge algorithm. algo 1 is generally faster than algo 2, but it may have poorer file compression. Algo 3 creates a virtual raster (see `vrt`). This is very quick and can be a good approach if the merge raster is used as input to a next step in the analysis. It allows any amount of misalignment and resamples without giving a warning. Otherwise its speed is similar to that of algo 2
`resample`	logical. If `TRUE` input rasters are resampled if they do not align (same origin and resolution) with the first raster
`method`	character. The resampling method used (only if `resample` is `TRUE` and `algo` is 1 or 2). One of "nearest", "bilinear", "cubic", "cubicspline", "lanczos", "average", "mode" as in `resample`. If the value is `""`, "nearest" is used for categorical rasters and "bilinear" for other rasters
`filename`	character. Output filename
`overwrite`	logical. If `TRUE`, `filename` is overwritten
`wopt`	list with named options for writing files as in `writeRaster`

Value

SpatRaster or SpatVector

Examples

x <- rast(xmin=-110, xmax=-80, ymin=40, ymax=70, res=1, vals=1)
y <- rast(xmin=-85, xmax=-55, ymax=60, ymin=30, res=1, vals=2)
z <- rast(xmin=-60, xmax=-30, ymax=50, ymin=20, res=1, vals=3)

m1 <- merge(x, y, z)
m2 <- merge(z, y, x)
m3 <- merge(y, x, z)
# panel(c(m1, m2, m3))

# if you have many SpatRasters, it may be convenient
# to make a SpatRasterCollection
# s <- sprc(list(x, y, z))
s <- sprc(x, y, z)

sm1 <- merge(s, algo=1, first=FALSE)
sm2 <- merge(s, algo=2, first=FALSE)
#sm3 <- merge(s, algo=3, first=FALSE)

## SpatVector with data.frame
f <- system.file("ex/lux.shp", package="terra")
p <- vect(f)
dfr <- data.frame(District=p$NAME_1, Canton=p$NAME_2, Value=round(runif(length(p), 100, 1000)))
dfr <- dfr[1:5, ]
pm <- merge(p, dfr, all.x=TRUE, by.x=c('NAME_1', 'NAME_2'), by.y=c('District', 'Canton'))
pm
values(pm)

terra documentation built on Aug. 22, 2026, 5:07 p.m.