inst/yb2014.R
In valentint/indstat: INDSTAT Utilities updated for 2021
setwd("S:/UQD/YEARBOOK/2014/R")
n<-25
plot(1:n, rep(0,n), pch=c(1:20), ylim=c(-10,10))
text(1:n, rep(1,n), labels=1:n)
##doSave(outfile="dummy", type="PDF")
#####
## VT::06.12.2012 - YEARBOOK 2013
##
## We use just three data sets imported from SAS:
## MVACOD, GDPCOD and POP
##
## MVACOD: graph.mva
## GDPCOD: graph.gdp
## POP: graph.pop
##
## #1: MVA.overall() - MVA
## #2: MVA.LDC() - MVA growth trends of the least developed countries, 2000-2012
## #3: MVA.share() - MVA, share (in log-scale) of major country groups in world MVA
## #4: MVA.emp() - MVA and employment in major industrialized countries in last decade
## #5: MVA.emerging() - Average annual growth of MVA of selected emerging industrial economies
## #6: MVACAP.number() - Change in the number of countries by selected range of MVA per capita
#####
## VT::18.11.2011 - YEARBOOK 2012
##
## We use just three data sets imported from SAS:
## MVACOD, GDPCOD and POP
##
## MVACOD: graph.mva
## GDPCOD: graph.gdp
## POP: graph.pop
##
## #1: MVA.overall() - MVA
## #2: MVA.recession() - MVA, annual growth, smooth line
## #3: MVACAP.freq() - MVA, POP per country (all)
## #4: MVA.BRICS() - MVA per country (BRICS), World; annual growth, share
## #5: MVACAP.oil() - MVA, POP, per country (selected)
## #6: MVA.LDC() - MVA, annual growth rates
##################################################################
## VT::01.12.12010 - YEARBOOK 2011
##
## This year the concept was changed - instead of preparing the data set
## for each graph in SAS and producing only the graph in R, only predefined
## datasets were prepared in SAS and each graph function selects the
## necessary data. The data sets are:
##
## MVACOD: graph.mva
## GDPCOD: graph.gdp
## POP: graph.pop
##
## Exception is the dta set 'graph.top' containing the data for the
## graph Share of leading manufacturers...", i.e. top 10 leading countries
## by share of MVA in world's total. This data set was prepared in SAS,
## but it is preferable to move this to R. For this purpose it is
## necessary to export from SAS a data set containing MVA for all
## countries and country groups and for all years.
##
## A. The ultimate solution would be to export to R a data set containing
## the three variables MVACOD, GDPCOD and POP for all countries,
## country groups and years. The structure could be as follows:
##
## CT YEAR MVA GDP POP
##
## B. Another improbement would be to export a list of country and
## country groups names to be used in the graphs - now these are
## hard coded in R.
##
#################################################################
###################################################
### code chunk number 2: library
###################################################
##
## Calculate Average Annual Growth Rate of X for the period [t0-tn]
##
## r.one - growth rate achieved in one year: last - first devided by first.
## We include this here, because some people use this for calculating
## the AAGR between several years (by deviding by the number of periods)
## r.ave - average of the growth rates for each year:
## mean(r1, r2, ..., rn)
## r.compound - compond annual growth rate, given as
## CAGR(tn,t0) = [V(tn)/V(t0)]^(1/(tn-t0)) - 1
## r.regress - AAGR computed by semi-log linear OLS regression
##
grate <- function(X, T, t0, tn)
{
ipos1 <- which(T==t0)
ipos2 <- which(T==tn)
vn <- X[ipos2]
v0 <- X[ipos1]
x <- X[ipos1:ipos2]
t <- T[ipos1:ipos2]
## cat("\nPeriod=",T[ipos1], "-", T[ipos2],"\n")
## 1. "One year" growth rate
r.one <- 100*(vn - v0)/v0/(tn-t0)
## 2. "Average" growth rate
rx2 <- x[2:length(x)]
rx1 <- x[1:length(x)-1]
rx <- (rx2-rx1)/rx1
print(rx)
## print(rx)
r.ave <- 100*mean(rx)
## 3. Copound growth rate
## CAGR(tn,t0) = [V(tn)/V(t0)]^(1/(tn-t0)) - 1
r.compound <- 100 *((vn/v0)^(1/(tn-t0)) - 1)
## cat("\n", t0, tn, v0, vn, r2, "\n")
## 4. Semi-log linear OLS regression
lx <- log(x)
lmx <- lm(lx~t)
r.regress <- 100*(exp(coef(lmx)[2])-1)
ret <- list(t0=t0, tn=tn, r.one=r.one, r.ave=r.ave, r.compound=r.compound, r.regress=r.regress, lm=lmx)
class(ret) <- "grate"
ret
}
print.grate <- function(x)
{
cat("\nAAGR for the period ", x$t0, "-", x$tn, "\n")
c1 <- c("r.one", "r.ave", "r.compound", "r.regress")
c2 <- c(x$r.one, x$r.ave, x$r.compound, x$r.regress)
df <- cbind.data.frame(c2)
rownames(df) <- c1
colnames(df) <- "AAGR"
print(round(df, 2))
}
select.mva <- function(rows, cols)
{
if(!missing(cols) && !is.null(cols) && length(cols) > 0)
cols <- paste("CT",cols,sep="")
else
cols <- NULL
select.data(rows, cols, graph.mva)
}
select.gdp <- function(rows, cols)
{
if(!missing(cols) && !is.null(cols) && length(cols) > 0)
cols <- paste("CT", cols, sep="")
else
cols <- NULL
select.data(rows, cols, graph.gdp)
}
select.pop <- function(rows, cols)
{
if(!missing(cols) && !is.null(cols) && length(cols) > 0)
cols <- paste("CT", cols, sep="")
else
cols <- NULL
select.data(rows, cols, graph.pop)
}
select.data <- function(rows, cols, data)
{
if(!missing(rows) & !is.null(rows))
data <- data[which(rownames(data) %in% rows),, drop=FALSE]
if(missing(cols) | is.null(cols))
return(data)
data <- data[, which(colnames(data) %in% cols), drop=FALSE]
data[, cols]
}
DUMMY <- function(gname="XXX", obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
plot(0,0)
title("Not yet implemented!")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile=gname, type=type)
}
## From CRAN - TeachingDemos
col2grey <- function (cols)
{
rgb <- col2rgb(cols)
gry <- rbind(c(0.3, 0.59, 0.11)) %*% rgb
rgb(gry, gry, gry, maxColorValue = 255)
}
#######################
##
## Linechart: Growth of MVA per-capita by development groups at constant prices of 2000 (1990=100).
##
## - the rownames are years, e.g. 1990-2009 - used as x-labels
##
## - smooth lines: https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2007-September/141161.html
## http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3480388/how-to-fit-a-smooth-curve-to-my-data-in-r
##
do.line <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf", outfile="gr-line", legend.position="topleft", ylab, smoothline=FALSE, save=FALSE)
{
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
xlab <- rownames(x)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- rep("solid", p)
leg.pch=c(21,19,12,24)[1:p]
leg.col=rep("black", p) # leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral", "magenta")
leg.bg <- rep("white", p)
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
## bottom, left, top, right
## defaults: 5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1
## empty: 3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1
mar.bottom <- 3.1
mar.left <- 4.1
if(missing(ylab))
{
ylab <- ""
mar.left <- 3.1
}
oldpar <- par(mar = c(mar.bottom, mar.left, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*abs(ylim[1])
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*abs(ylim[2])
print(xlab)
plot(tt, x[,1], cex.lab=1.2, xlab="", ylab=ylab,
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
axis(side=1, at=pretty(tt, n=min(n, 14)), las=2)
xaxis <- pretty(range(x), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
ind <- 1
for(ind in 1:p)
{
yy <- list(x=tt, y=x[, ind])
if(smoothline)
{
yy <-predict(interpSpline(tt, x[,ind]))
}
lines(yy$x, yy$y, lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
}
abline(h=0)
legend(legend.position, legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
if(save)
doSave(outfile=outfile, type=type)
}
## Barchart: Industrialized-Developing
do.bar.2013 <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf", outfile="gr-bar", ylim, ylab, legend.position="topright",
xaxis.nsmall,
src.text, src.at=2, src.line=2,
log="",
pattern=TRUE)
{
plot.bg <- "white"
n <- nrow(x)
x <- as.matrix(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
density <- c(25, 100, 25)[1:n]
angle <- c(45, 0, 135)[1:n]
col=gray.colors(n)
if(missing(ylim))
{
ylim <- c(0, max(x))
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
}
print(ylim)
bb <- if(pattern)
{
barplot(x, ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col, density=density, angle=angle, log=log)
} else {
barplot(x, ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, border="black", log=log, col=col)
}
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,ylim[2]), n=6)
labels <- ylab1
if(!missing(xaxis.nsmall))
labels <- format(ylab1, nsmall=xaxis.nsmall)
ylab1 <- c(0.1, 1, 10, 100)
labels <- format(ylab1)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, labels=labels, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
if(!missing(ylab))
mtext(ylab, side = 2, line=2, , cex=1) # "in % of world total"
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
abline(h=0)
bb <- if(pattern)
{
legend(legend.position, legend=rownames(x), density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
legend(legend.position, legend=rownames(x), fill=col)
}
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
box()
## Source text
if(!missing(src.text))
mtext(text=src.text, side=1, at=src.at, line=src.line)
doSave(outfile=outfile, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
## Barchart: Industrialized-Developing
do.bar <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf", outfile="gr-bar", ylim, ylab, xlab, legend.position="topright")
{
n <- nrow(x)
x <- as.matrix(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
density <- c(25, 100)
angle <- c(45, 0)
if(missing(ylim))
{
ylim <- c(0, max(x))
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
}
col <- c("black", "lightgray")
print(ylim)
bb <- if(pattern) {
barplot(x[1:2,], ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
barplot(x[1:2,], ylim=c(0,100), beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, border="black")
}
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,ylim[2]), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
if(!missing(ylab))
mtext(ylab, side = 2, line=2, , cex=1) # "in % of world total"
if(!missing(xlab))
mtext(xlab, side = 1, line=2, , cex=1) # "in % of world total"
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
abline(h=0)
if(pattern)
{
legend(legend.position, legend=rownames(x), density=density, angle=angle, fill=col)
} else
{
legend(legend.position, legend=rownames(x), fill=col)
}
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile=outfile, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
## Barchart: Industrialized-Developing
do.bar.line <- function(x1, x2, obox=FALSE, type="pdf", outfile="gr-bar", ylim, ylab, legend.position="topleft")
{
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
density <- c(25)
angle <- c(45)
bar.col <- c("lightgray")
x1 <- as.matrix(x1)
x2 <- as.matrix(x2)
if(missing(ylim))
{
ylim <- c(min(x1, x2), max(x1, x2))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*abs(ylim[1])
ylim[1] <- min(0, ylim[1])
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*abs(ylim[2])
}
## no axis, no names below each bar
if(pattern) {
bb <- barplot(x2, ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, names.arg = c(), axisnames=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=bar.col, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
bb <- barplot(x2, ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, names.arg = c(), axes=FALSE, col="lightgray", border="black")
}
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
ylab1 <- pretty(c(ylim[1],ylim[2]), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
if(!missing(ylab))
mtext(ylab, side = 2, line=2, , cex=1) # "in % of world total"
n <- nrow(x1)
n <- nrow(x1)
p <- ncol(x1)
xlab <- rownames(x1)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
## usr <- par("usr")
## rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
axis(side=1, at=bb, labels=pretty(tt, n=min(n, 14)), las=1)
## xaxis <- pretty(range(x), n=6)
## axis(side=2, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
leg.text <- colnames(x1)
leg.lty <- rep("solid", p)
leg.pch=c(12,19,21,24)[1:p]
leg.col=c("black", "white")
leg.bg <- rep("white", p)
plot.bg <- "white"
ind <- 1
for(ind in 1:p)
{
lines(bb, x1[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(bb, x1[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
}
leg.text <- c("Annual MVA growth rates", "Share in the world total MVA")
##legend(legend.position, legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
## legend(legend.position, legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, bg="white")
leg <- legend(legend.position, legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, col=leg.col, pch=leg.pch, bg="white")
rx0 <- leg$text$x[2]-0.75
ry0 <- leg$text$y[2]-0.5
rect(rx0, ry0, rx0+0.5, ry0+0.75, density=density, angle=angle, col=bar.col, border="black")
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile=outfile, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
doSave <- function(outfile, type="ignore")
{
savePlot(file=outfile, type="pdf")
savePlot(file=paste("1",outfile,sep=""), type="pdf")
savePlot(file=outfile, type="ps")
savePlot(file=paste("1",outfile,sep=""), type="ps")
pdffile <- paste(outfile, ".pdf", sep="")
psfile <- paste(outfile, ".ps", sep="")
tmpps <- "xxx.ps"
cmd <- paste("pdftops -paper match", pdffile, tmpps)
system(cmd)
embedFonts(file=tmpps, outfile=psfile, options="-dUseCIEColor=true -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress")
cmd <- paste("S:/UQD/YEARBOOK/2014/R/ps2pdf",psfile, pdffile)
system(cmd)
cat("\nFile with embedded fonts saved: ",cmd,"\n")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::18.11.2013
##
## Line chart
## Annual MVA growth - Industrialized, Developing, World
## 2005-2013
## Smoothed lines
##
MVA.growth <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf", years=2004:2013, windows=FALSE, save=FALSE)
{
if(windows)
windows(8,5)
## Select and prepare the data
cgrps <- c("IND", "DEV", "WOR")
cnames <- c("Industrialized economies", "Developing and EIE", "World")
x1 <- x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
x[,] <- 0
for(i in 1:p)
for(j in 2:n)
x[j,i] <- 100*x1[j,i]/x1[j-1,i] - 100
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
x <- x[-1,]
print(round(x, 2))
do.line(x, outfile="MVA_growth", ylab="Annual growth in % ", legend.position="bottomright", smoothline=TRUE)
xtable(x)
}
####################################
##
## VT::18.11.2013
##
## Line chart
## MVA and GDP growth of developing and emerging industrial economies - (2000=100)
##
MVAGDP.growth <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2000:2013
cgrps <- c("DEV")
cnames <- c("Developing and EIE")
mva <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
gdp <- select.gdp(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- cbind.data.frame(MVA=mva, GDP=gdp)
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
print(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
rownames(x) <- years
print(round(x, 2))
do.line(x, outfile="MVAGDP_growth", ylab="Growth in % (2000=100)")
}
####################################
##
## VT::18.11.2013
##
## Pie chart
## MVA.distribution: Distribution of the world MVA, 2013
##
MVA.distr <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2013
cgrps <- c("916", "EIEX", "DEVOT", "LDC", "IND")
cnames <- c("China", "Emerging Industrial Economies", "Other developing economies", "Least developed countries", "Industrialized Economies")
mva <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(mva)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
names(x) <- cnames
print(round(x, 2))
## do.line(x, outfile="MVAGDP_growth", ylab="Growth in % (2000=100)")
pie(x)
}
####################################
##
## VT::6.12.2012
##
## Line chart
## MVA growth - industrialized, developing, world (1995=100)
##
MVA.overall.2013 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2000:2012
cgrps <- c("WOR", "IND", "EIE", "DEVOT")
cnames <- c("World", "Industrialized economies", "EIEs incl.China", "Other developing economies")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
do.line(x, outfile="MVA_overall", ylab="Growth in % (2000=100)")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::6.12.2012
##
## Line chart
## MVA growth - industrialized, developing, world (1995=100)
##
MVA.LDC.2013 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2000:2012
cgrps <- c("LDCAF", "LDCAS", "LDCSA", "LDC")
cnames <- c("African LDCs", "Asian LDCs", "Small island LDCs", "All LDCs")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
do.line(x, outfile="MVA_LDC", ylab="Growth in % (2000=100)")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::6.12.2012
##
## Bar chart
## Share of MVA of groups:
## Industrialized, EIEs, Developing and LDC
##
MVA.share <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- c(2000, 2005, 2012)
cgrps <- c("IND", "EIE", "DEVOT", "LDC", "WOR")
cnames <- c("Industrialized", "EIEs incl. China", "Other developing", "LDCs")
xmva <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
world <- xmva[,ncol(xmva)]
xmva <- as.matrix(xmva[,-ncol(xmva)])
## check that world total os OK :)
print(all.equal(rowSums(xmva), world, check.attributes=FALSE))
n <- nrow(xmva)
p <- ncol(xmva)
x <- 100 * xmva/world
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
## do.bar.2013(x, outfile="MVA_share", ylim=c(0.1, 100), ylab="Share in percent", xaxis.nsmall=1, src.text="Source: UNIDO Database", src.at=2, src.line=2)
do.bar.2013(x, outfile="MVA_share", ylim=c(0.1, 100), ylab="Share in percent (log scale)", log="y", pattern=FALSE)
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::18.11.2011
##
##
MVA.emp <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2001:2010
emp <- c(-2.5, -4.2, -3.4, -3.4, -2.5, -1.5, 1.2, -3.1, -5.2, 2.9)
mva <- c(-3.4, 0.7, 2.8, 5.9, 3.4, 3.2, 3.8, -3.4, -13.5, 4.4)
cnames <- c("Employment", "MVA")
x <- cbind(emp, mva)
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
print(round(x,2))
do.line(x, outfile="MVA_emp", legend.position="bottomleft", smoothline=TRUE, ylab="Annual growth rate in %")
}
#############################################################################################################
##
## VT::6.12.2012
##
## Bar chart
## Average annual growthrate of MVA:
## Selected countries
##
MVA.emerging <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2001:2012
year1 <- years[2]
year2 <- 2007
year3 <- years[length(years)]
cgrps <- c("156", "356", "710", "076", "484")
cnames <- c("China", "India", "South Africa", "Brazil", "Mexico")
xmva <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
xmva <- as.matrix(xmva)
n <- nrow(xmva)
p <- ncol(xmva)
x <- matrix(0, ncol=length(cgrps), nrow=2)
for(i in 1:p)
{
x[1, i] <- grate(xmva[,i], years, year1-1, year2)$r.ave
x[2, i] <- grate(xmva[,i], years, year2-1, year3)$r.ave
}
rownames(x) <- c(paste(year1, "-", year2, sep=""), paste(year2, "-", year3, sep=""))
colnames(x) <- cnames
do.bar(x, outfile="MVA_emerging", ylab="Average annual growth rate in percent")
}
#############################################################################################################
##
## VT::6.12.2012
##
## Bar chart
## Frequence table of MVA per capita
## 1992 and 2012
##
MVA.numbers <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
year1 <- 1992
year2 <- 2012
m.rcodes <- rcodes[which(rcodes$COMPTYPE == "M"),]
cgrps <- m.rcodes$ACODE
cols <- paste("CT", cgrps, sep="")
cmva <- colnames(graph.mva)
ct <- m.rcodes[which(cols %in% cmva),]
cgrps <- cgrps[which(cols %in% cmva)]
xmva1 <- select.mva(year1, cgrps) # select countries and years
xmva2 <- select.mva(year2, cgrps) # select countries and years
xmva2x <- select.mva(year2-1, cgrps) # select countries and years
xmva2y <- select.mva(year2-2, cgrps) # select countries and years
xmiss2 <- c(which(is.na(xmva2)))
print(names(xmva2[xmiss2]))
## if missing take it from the previous year
xmva2[xmiss2] <- xmva2x[xmiss2]
xmiss2 <- c(which(is.na(xmva2)))
print(names(xmva2[xmiss2]))
## if still missing take it from two years ago
xmva2[xmiss2] <- xmva2y[xmiss2]
xmiss2 <- c(which(is.na(xmva2)))
print(names(xmva2[xmiss2]))
xpop1 <- select.pop(year1, cgrps) # select countries and years
xpop2 <- select.pop(year2, cgrps) # select countries and years
xmiss <- unique(c(which(is.na(xmva1)), which(is.na(xpop1)), which(is.na(xmva2)), which(is.na(xpop2))))
xmva1 <- xmva1[-xmiss]
xmva2 <- xmva2[-xmiss]
xpop1 <- xpop1[-xmiss]
xpop2 <- xpop2[-xmiss]
x1 <- as.numeric(xmva1/xpop1)
x2 <- as.numeric(xmva2/xpop2)
breaks <- c(-Inf, 100, 1000, 5000, Inf)
labels <- c("Less than 100","100-1000","1000-5000", "More than 5000")
xx1 <- cut(x1, breaks=breaks, labels=labels)
xx2 <- cut(x2, breaks=breaks, labels=labels)
x <- rbind(table(xx1), table(xx2))
rownames(x) <- c(year1, year2)
colnames(x) <- labels
do.bar(x, outfile="MVACAP_numbers", ylab="Number of countries", xlab="MVA per capita at constant 2005 prices")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::18.11.2011
##
## Line chart
## MVA growth - industrialized, developing, world (1995=100)
##
MVA.overall <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 1995:2011
cgrps <- c(933, 903, 918)
cnames <- c("Industrialized countries", "Developing countries", "World")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
do.line(x, outfile="MVA_overall", ylab="Growth in % (1995=100)")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::18.11.2011
##
##
MVA.recession <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2005:2011
cgrps <- c(933, 903, 918)
cnames <- c("Industrialized countries", "Developing countries", "World")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
x1 <- x
x1[1,] <- 0
for(i in 1:p)
{
for(j in 2:n)
x1[j,i] <- 100*x[j,i]/x[j-1,i] - 100
}
rownames(x1) <- years
colnames(x1) <- cnames
x1 <- x1[-1,]
print(round(x1,2))
do.line(x1, outfile="MVA_recession", legend.position="bottomleft", smoothline=TRUE, ylab="Annual growth rate in %")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::18.11.2011
##
## Line chart
## MVA growth rates - LDC, developing (1999=0)
##
MVA.LDC <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2000:2011
cgrps <- c(917, 899)
cnames <- c("LDCs", "Developing countries")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
print(round(x))
x1 <- x
x1[1,] <- 0
for(i in 1:p)
{
for(j in 2:n)
x1[j,i] <- 100*x[j,i]/x[j-1,i] - 100
}
x2 <- x[,1]/x[,2]*100
x1 <- x1[-1,]
x2 <- x2[-1]
print(round(x1,1))
print(round(x2,1))
rownames(x1) <- years[-1]
colnames(x1) <- cnames
do.bar(t(x1), outfile="MVA_LDC", ylim=c(-2.5, 11), ylab="Annual growth rate in %")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::24.11.2011
##
## Histogram
## MVA per capita - all countries
##
MVACAP.freq <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2011
cgrps <- NULL
## cnames <- c()
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x.mva <- x[,which(colnames(x) <= "CT895")]
x <- select.pop(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x.pop <- x[,which(colnames(x) <= "CT895")]
stopifnot(dim(x.mva) == dim(x.pop))
stopifnot(all.equal(colnames(x.mva), colnames(x.pop)))
n <- nrow(x.mva)
p <- ncol(x.mva)
x.mva <- as.matrix(x.mva)
x.pop <- as.matrix(x.pop)
x <- x.mva/x.pop
x <- x[,-which(is.na(x)), drop=FALSE]
y <- sqrt(x[1,])
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## histogram(y, type="count", breaks=c(0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100), main="", xlab="MVA per capita, squared")
hist(y, breaks=c(0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100), main="", xlab="MVA per capita, squared", col="white")
lines(density(y), lwd=1.7)
box(which="plot")
doSave(outfile="MVACAP_freq", type=type)
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::18.11.2011
##
## Line chart
## MVA growth rates - LDC, developing (1999=0)
##
MVA.BRICS <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2001:2011
cgrps <- c("076", 643, 356, 156, 710)
# cnames <- c("Brazil", "Russian Federation", "India", "China", "South Africa")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
x <- as.matrix(x)
print(round(x))
x.brics <- rowSums(x)
x.world <- select.mva(years, c(918))
x1 <- x.brics
x1[1] <- 0
for(j in 2:n)
x1[j] <- 100*x.brics[j]/x.brics[j-1] - 100
x2 <- x.brics/x.world*100
x1 <- as.matrix(x1[-1])
x2 <- as.matrix(x2[-1])
rownames(x1) <- rownames(x2) <- years[-1]
colnames(x1) <- c("Annual MVA growth rates of BRICS")
colnames(x2) <- c("BRICS share in world MVA")
print(round(x1,1))
print(round(x2,1))
do.bar.line(x1, x2, outfile="MVA_BRICS", legend="topleft", ylab="in percent")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::24.11.2011
##
## Vertical bar plot, 2001 and 2011
## MVA per capita - selected countries
##
MVACAP.oil <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
gname <- "MVACAP_oil"
## Select and prepare the data
## 784=United Arab Emirates
## 634=Qatar
## 414=Kuwait
## 682=Saudi Arabia
## 862=Venezuela
## 512=Oman
## 364=Iran
## 360=Indonesia
## 218=Ecuador
## 434=Libiya
## "012"=Algeria
## "024"=Angola
## 736=Sudan
## 566=Nigeria
## 368=Iraq
years <- c(2001, 2011)
cgrps <- c(784, 634, 414, 682, 862, 512, 364, 360, 218, 434, "012", "024", 736, 566, 368)
cnames <- rcodes[which(rcodes$ACODE %in% cgrps),-c(2,4)]
x.mva <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x.pop <- select.pop(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
stopifnot(dim(x.mva) == dim(x.pop))
stopifnot(all.equal(colnames(x.mva), colnames(x.pop)))
x.mva <- as.matrix(x.mva)
x.pop <- as.matrix(x.pop)
xx <- x.mva/x.pop
print( colnames(xx))
print(paste("CT", cnames$ACODE, sep=""))
imatch <- match(colnames(xx), paste("CT", cnames$ACODE, sep=""))
colnames(xx) <- cnames[imatch,]$DESC
ina <- unique(c(which(is.na(xx[1,])), which(is.na(xx[2,]))))
xx <- xx[,-ina]
iord <- order(xx[2,])
x <- xx[c(2,1),iord]
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
print(t(x))
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(1.1, 14, 3.1, 1.1))
par(las=2)
xlim<-c(4.5, max(x)+0.1*max(x))
density <- c(30, 100)
angle <- c(45, 90)
space <- c(0,0.5)
col <- c(col2grey(3), col2grey(7))
cex.axis <- 0.9
## Pattern not possible if log scale used.
bb <- if(pattern) {
## barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), log="x", space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black", xlim=xlim, col=col, density=density, angle=angle)
barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), log="x", space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black", xlim=xlim, col=col, angle=c(0,45))
} else {
barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), log="x", space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black")
}
mtext("MVA per capita (log scale)", las=0, line=1.5)
## xaxis.lab <- pretty(exp(xlim), n=6)
## xaxis <- log(xaxis.lab)
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
axis(side=3, at=c(1, 10,100, 1000, 10000), lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1, cex.axis=cex.axis)
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
if(pattern) {
## legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[n:1], fill=col[n:1], density=density[n:1], angle=angle[n:1], bg="white")
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[n:1], fill=col[n:1], bg="white")
} else {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[n:1], fill=grey.colors(p)[n:1], bg="white")
}
## Here can be added text on the top horizontal axis
## mtext("US$ at 2000 constant prices", side = 3, line=2, , cex=cex.axis, las=1)
usr <- par("usr")
##rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="red")
rect(10^usr[1], usr[3], 10^usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="inner")
doSave(outfile=gname, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
#########################################################################################
##
## VT::01.12.2010
##
## Line chart
## MVA growth - regions in Europe (1995=100)
##
MVA.europe.2011 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 1995:2010
cgrps <- c(960, 898, 897, 961)
cnames <- c("CIS", "EU-12", "EU-15", "Other Europe")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
do.line(x, outfile="MVA_europe")
}
##
## VT::01.12.2010
##
## Barchart (stacked bars)
## Distribution of total MVA of developing countries.
##
MVA.distr.2011 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
gname <- "MVA_distr"
## Select and prepare the data
years <- c(1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010)
cgrps <- c(916, 915, 990, 917)
cnames <- c("China", "NICs", "Other developing \ncountries", "LDCs")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
xdev <- select.mva(years, 903) # select developing countries
xdev <- as.matrix(xdev) %*% rep(1,4) #
x <- round(x/xdev*100, 2) # calculate shares in developing countries
x <- t(x)
rownames(x) <- cnames
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
## alter margins
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
width <- 0.5
ind <- 1:4
density <- c(25, 100, 25, 100)
angle <- c(45, 0, 135, 0)
col <- grey.colors(n+1)[2:(n+1)]
col.pattern <- c("black", col[1], "black", col[4])
if(pattern) {
bp <- barplot(x[ind,], ylim=c(0,100), width=width, space=2, beside=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col.pattern, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
bp <- barplot(x[ind,], ylim=c(0,100), width=width, space=2, beside=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col)
}
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,110), n=8)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
bp1 <- bp - width/2
bp2 <- bp + width/2
xx <- x[ind,]
x0 <- rep(0,p)
for(i in 1:(n-1))
{
x0 <- x0 + xx[i,]
for(j in 1:(p-1))
lines(c(bp2[j],bp1[j+1]), x0[j:(j+1)])
}
if(pattern) {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x[ind,])[n:1], bg="white", fill=col.pattern[n:1], density=density[n:1], angle=angle[n:1])
} else {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x[ind,])[n:1], fill=col[n:1], bg="white")
}
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile=gname, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
##
## VT::01.12.2010
##
## Line chart
## GDP and MVA growth of developing countries.
##
GDPMVA.dev.2011 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 1990:2010
cgrps <- c(903)
GDP <- select.gdp(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
MVA <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- cbind.data.frame(GDP, MVA)
rownames(x) <- years
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
tt <- xlab <- years
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- c("solid", "solid")
leg.pch=c(19,21)
leg.col=c("black","black")
## leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral")
leg.bg <- c("white", "white")
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*ylim[1]
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
plot(tt, x[,1], xlab="", cex.lab=1.2, ylab="",
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
## R does not accept rotation of the lables by e.g. srt=90
axis(side=1, at=tt, lab=xlab, las=2)
ylab1 <- pretty(range(x), n=8)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
ind <- 1
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 2
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
legend("topleft", legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
doSave(outfile="GDPMVA_dev", type=type)
}
##
## VT::01.12.2010
##
## Bar chart chart
## Share of MVA in GDP: Industrialized and Developing groups, 2000 and 2010
MVAGDP.share.2011 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- c(2000, 2010)
cgrps <- c(933, 903, 916, 915, 917, 990)
cnames <- c("Industrialized\ncountries", "Developing\ncountries", "China", "NICs", "LDCs", "Other developing\ncountries")
GDP <- select.gdp(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
MVA <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- 100*MVA/GDP
colnames(x) <- cnames
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
x <- as.matrix(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
density <- c(25, 100)
angle <- c(45, 0)
col <- c("black", "lightgray")
ylim <- c(0, round(max(x) + 5))
if(pattern) {
barplot(x[1:2,], ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
barplot(x[1:2,], ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, border="black")
}
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,ylim[2]), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
#
# Add here some text on the Y-axis
# mtext("in % of world total", side = 2, line=2, , cex=1)
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(pattern) {
legend("topright", legend=rownames(x), bg="white", fill=col[n:1], density=density[n:1], angle=angle[n:1])
} else {
legend("topright", legend=rownames(x), fill=col[n:1], bg="white")
}
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile="MVAGDP_share", type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
## VT::02.12.2010
## Horizontal Barchart:
## 2000-2010, 10 countries, by share of MVA in world's total
##
MVA.top10.2011 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
gname <- "MVA_TOP10"
x <- graph.top
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
x <- t(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(1.1, 8.5, 3.1, 1.1))
par(las=2)
xlim<-c(0, max(x)+0.20*max(x))
density <- c(30, 100)
angle <- c(45, 90)
space <- c(0,0.5)
col <- c("black", "lightgray")
cex.axis <- 0.9
if(pattern) {
barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black", xlim=xlim, col=col, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black", xlim=xlim)
}
xaxis <- pretty(xlim, n=6)
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
axis(side=3, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1, cex.axis=cex.axis)
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
if(pattern) {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[p:1], fill=col[p:1], density=density[p:1], angle=angle[p:1], bg="white")
} else {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[p:1], fill=grey.colors(p)[p:1], bg="white")
}
## Here can be added text on the top horizontal axis
## mtext("US$ at 2000 constant prices", side = 3, line=2, , cex=cex.axis, las=1)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile=gname, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
###########################################################################################
## END OF YEARBOOK 2011
xyrect <- function(x1, y1, x2, y2, horizontal = TRUE, ...)
{
if (horizontal)
rect(x1, y1, x2, y2, ...)
else rect(y1, x1, y2, x2, ...)
}
plot(0)
## Help to select pch symbols for plotting of linecharts
test.pch <- function()
{
x <- 1:10
y <- rep(0,length(x))
leg.pch <- 11:20
plot(x,1:10, type="n")
for(i in 1:10)
{
y <- y + 1
lines(x, y)
points(x, y, pch=leg.pch[i], cex=1.25)
}
}
obox=FALSE # whether to drow outer bounding box around the graphs
type <- "pdf" # type of output
pattern <- TRUE # for barcharts - wheather to use pattern or shades of gray
plot.bg <- "white"
##
## To embed the fonts in the pdf file infile (without extension)
## - First infile.pdf is converted to PS using pdftops.exe tool
## - Then embedFots function is used to embed the fonts (calling in turn gswin32c.exe)
## - And the file is converted back to PDF using ps2pdf.exe
##
doEmbed <- function(infile, outfile)
{
pdffile <- paste(outfile, ".pdf", sep="")
ifile <- paste(infile, ".pdf", sep="")
psfile <- paste(infile, ".ps", sep="")
cmd <- paste("pdftops", ifile, psfile)
system(cmd)
ofile <- paste(outfile, ".ps", sep="")
embedFonts(file=psfile, outfile=ofile, options="-dUseCIEColor=true -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress")
cmd <- paste("ps2pdf", ofile, pdffile)
system(cmd)
}
doSave2009 <- function(outfile, type)
{
savePlot(file=outfile, type=type)
savePlot(file=paste("1",outfile,sep=""), type=type)
if(type == "ps")
{
ifile <- paste(outfile, "ps", sep="")
ofile <- "xxx.ps"
embedFonts(file=ifile, outfile=ofile, options="-dUseCIEColor=true -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress")
pdffile <- paste(outfile, ".pdf", sep="")
cmd <- paste("ps2pdf", ofile, pdffile)
system(cmd)
}
if(type == "pdf")
{
pdffile <- paste(outfile, ".pdf", sep="")
psfile <- paste(outfile, ".ps", sep="")
cmd <- paste("pdftops -paper match", pdffile, psfile)
system(cmd)
tmpps <- "xxx.ps"
embedFonts(file=psfile, outfile=tmpps, options="-dUseCIEColor=true -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress")
cmd <- paste("ps2pdf",psfile, pdffile)
system(cmd)
}
}
## Barchart: Industrialized-Developing
mvashare <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Read the data
##x <- read.table(file="mvashare.tab", header=FALSE)
##rownames(x) <- c("Industrialized", "Developing", "China")
##colnames(x) <- c(1990, 1995, 2000, 2005)
##x <- x[1:2,]
n <- nrow(x)
x <- as.matrix(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
density <- c(25, 100)
angle <- c(45, 0)
if(pattern) {
barplot(x[1:2,], ylim=c(0,100), beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, legend.text=rownames(x), border="black", col=c("black", "lightgray"), density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
barplot(x[1:2,], ylim=c(0,100), beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, legend.text=rownames(x), border="black")
}
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,110), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
mtext("in % of world total", side = 2, line=2, , cex=1)
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile="mvashare", type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
## Linechart: Growth of MVA per-capita by development groups at constant prices of 2000 (1990=100).
##
mvacap <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
if(p != p)
stop("X must have 3 columns: Industrialized, Developing and LDCs")
xlab <- rownames(x)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- rep("solid", p)
leg.pch=c(12,19,21,24)[1:p]
leg.col=rep("black", p) # leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral", "magenta")
leg.bg <- rep("white", p)
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*ylim[1]
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
plot(tt, x[,1], xlab="", cex.lab=1.2, ylab="",
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
## R does not accept rotation of the lables by e.g. srt=90
axis(side=1, at=pretty(tt, n=14), las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=pretty(tt,14), lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=tt, labels=FALSE) # plot the axis without labels
## Now draw the textual axis labels
## text(tt+0.3, par("usr")[3] - 7, labels = xlab, srt = 90, pos = 2, xpd = TRUE)
xaxis <- pretty(range(x), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
ind <- 1
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 2
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 3
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
legend("topleft", legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
doSave(outfile="mvacap", type=type)
}
## Horizontal Barchart: 1990-2007, 20 countries
top20 <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf", outfile){
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
x <- t(x)
dev.off()
windows(5,8)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(1.1, 8.5, 3.1, 1.1))
par(las=2)
xlim<-c(0, max(x)+0.20*max(x))
density <- c(30, 100)
angle <- c(45, 90)
space <- c(0,0.5)
col <- c("black", "lightgray")
cex.axis <- 0.9
if(pattern) {
barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black", xlim=xlim, col=col, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black", xlim=xlim)
}
xaxis <- pretty(xlim, n=6)
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
axis(side=3, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1, cex.axis=cex.axis)
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
if(pattern) {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[p:1], fill=col[p:1], density=density[p:1], angle=angle[p:1], bg="white")
} else {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[p:1], fill=grey.colors(p)[p:1], bg="white")
}
mtext("US$ at 2000 constant prices", side = 3, line=2, , cex=cex.axis, las=1)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile=outfile, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
top20.ind <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf"){
top20(x, obox, type, "top20ind")
}
top20.dev <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf"){
top20(x, obox, type, "top20dev")
}
## Linechart: GDP and MVA growth of developing countries.
GDP.dev <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 1990:2010
cgrps <- c(903)
GDP <- select.gdp(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
MVA <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- cbind.data.frame(GDP, MVA)
rownames(x) <- years
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
xlab <- rownames(x)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- c("solid", "solid")
leg.pch=c(19,21)
leg.col=c("black","black")
## leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral")
leg.bg <- c("white", "white")
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*ylim[1]
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
plot(tt, x[,1], xlab="", cex.lab=1.2, ylab="",
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
## title(main="Growth of MVA per-capita by development groups at constant prices of 2000\n1990=100.0", cex.main=0.9)
## title(ylab="", cex.lab=1.2)
## R does not accept rotation of the lables by e.g. srt=90
axis(side=1, at=tt, lab=xlab, las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=tt, labels=FALSE) # plot the axis without labels
## Now draw the textual axis labels
## text(tt+0.3, par("usr")[3] - 7, labels = xlab, srt = 90, pos = 2, xpd = TRUE)
ylab1 <- pretty(range(x), n=8)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
ind <- 1
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 2
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
legend("topleft", legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
doSave(outfile="gdpdev", type=type)
}
MVA.major <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Read the data
x <- read.table(file="mvamajor.tab", header=TRUE)
n <- nrow(x)
rownames(x) <- 1990:(1990+n-1)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
if(p != 3)
stop("X must have 3 columns: Industrialized, Developing and LDCs")
xlab <- rownames(x)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- c("solid", "solid", "solid")
leg.pch=c(12,19,21)
leg.col=c("black","black","black")
## leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral", "magenta")
leg.bg <- c("white", "white", "white")
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*ylim[1]
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
plot(tt, x[,1], xlab="", cex.lab=1.2, ylab="",
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
## title(main="Growth of MVA per-capita by development groups at constant prices of 2000\n1990=100.0", cex.main=0.9)
## title(ylab="", cex.lab=1.2)
## R does not accept rotation of the lables by e.g. srt=90
axis(side=1, at=tt, lab=xlab, las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=tt, labels=FALSE) # plot the axis without labels
## Now draw the textual axis labels
## text(tt+0.3, par("usr")[3] - 7, labels = xlab, srt = 90, pos = 2, xpd = TRUE)
ylab1 <- pretty(range(x), n=8)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
ind <- 1
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 2
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 3
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
legend("topleft", legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
doSave(outfile="mvamajor", type=type)
}
## Barchart (stacked bars): Distribution of total MVA of developing countries.
MVA.distr <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Read the data
##x <- read.table(file="mvadistr.tab", header=FALSE)
##rownames(x) <- x[,1]
##x <- as.matrix(x[,-1])
##colnames(x) <- c(1990, 1995, 2000, 2005)
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
# rearange the bars:
ind <-c(2,1,4,5,3)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
## alter margins
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
width <- 0.5
density <- c(25, 100, 25, 100, 25)
angle <- c(45, 0, 135, 0, 90)
col <- grey.colors(n+1)[2:(n+1)]
col.pattern <- c("black", col[1], "black", col[4], "black")
if(pattern) {
bp <- barplot(x[ind,], ylim=c(0,100), width=width, space=2, beside=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col.pattern, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
bp <- barplot(x[ind,], ylim=c(0,100), width=width, space=2, beside=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col)
}
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,110), n=8)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
bp1 <- bp - width/2
bp2 <- bp + width/2
xx <- x[ind,]
x0 <- rep(0,p)
for(i in 1:(n-1))
{
x0 <- x0 + xx[i,]
for(j in 1:(p-1))
lines(c(bp2[j],bp1[j+1]), x0[j:(j+1)])
}
if(pattern) {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x[ind,])[n:1], bg="white", fill=col.pattern[n:1], density=density[n:1], angle=angle[n:1])
} else {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x[ind,])[n:1], fill=col[n:1], bg="white")
}
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile="mvadistr", type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
##################################################################
##
## Graphs added for Yearbook 2010
## VT::20.11.2009
graph7 <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf", at.x)
{
x <- t(x) # x was created with 2 rows and many columns (years)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
if(p != 2)
stop("X must have 2 columns: Industrialized and Developing")
xlab <- rownames(x)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- rep("solid", 3)
leg.pch=c(12,13,1) #c(21,19,24)
leg.col=rep("black",3) # leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral", "magenta")
leg.bg <- rep("white", 3)
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*ylim[1]
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
plot(tt, x[,1], xlab="", cex.lab=1.2, ylab="",
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
## R does not accept rotation of the lables by e.g. srt=90
if(missing(at.x))
at.x = pretty(tt, n=12)
las <- if(length(at.x) > length(tt)/2) 2 else 0
axis(side=1, at=at.x, las=las)
## axis(side=1, at=pretty(tt,14), lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=tt, labels=FALSE) # plot the axis without labels
## Now draw the textual axis labels
## text(tt+0.3, par("usr")[3] - 7, labels = xlab, srt = 90, pos = 2, xpd = TRUE)
xaxis <- pretty(range(x), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
for(ind in 1:2)
{
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
}
xdif <- (tt[2] - tt[1])/5
for(ii in 1:length(tt))
{
xmin <- tt[ii] - xdif
xmax <- tt[ii] + xdif
ymin <- x[ii,1]
ymax <- x[ii,2]
xyrect(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax, density=15, angle=0)
}
legend("topright", legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
doSave(outfile="graph7", type=type)
}
##
##
## Linechart: Growth of MVA per-capita by development groups at constant prices of 2000 (1990=100).
##
## Almost the same as graph.2 - see mvacap()
graph8 <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
if(p != 3)
stop("X must have 3 columns: African LDCs, All LDCs and All Developing")
xlab <- rownames(x)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- rep("solid", 3)
leg.pch=c(12,19,21) #c(21,19,24)
leg.col=rep("black",3) # leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral", "magenta")
leg.bg <- rep("white", 3)
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*ylim[1]
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
plot(tt, x[,1], xlab="", cex.lab=1.2, ylab="",
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
## R does not accept rotation of the lables by e.g. srt=90
axis(side=1, at=pretty(tt, n=14), las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=pretty(tt,14), lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=tt, labels=FALSE) # plot the axis without labels
## Now draw the textual axis labels
## text(tt+0.3, par("usr")[3] - 7, labels = xlab, srt = 90, pos = 2, xpd = TRUE)
xaxis <- pretty(range(x), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
ind <- 1
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 2
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 3
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
legend("topleft", legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
doSave(outfile="graph8", type=type)
}
##
## VT::20.11.2009
## Barchart (stacked bars): Distribution of total MVA of developing countries.
##
## Almost the same as graph #5 - see MVA.distr()
##
graph9 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- c(1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2009)
cgrps <- c(916, 915, 990, 917)
cnames <- c("China", "NICs", "Other developing \ncountries", "LDCs")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
xdev <- select.mva(years, 903) # select developing countries
xdev <- as.matrix(xdev) %*% rep(1,4) #
x <- round(x/xdev*100, 2) # calculate shares in developing countries
x <- t(x)
rownames(x) <- cnames
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
## alter margins
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
width <- 0.5
ind <-1:4
density <- c(25, 100, 25, 100)
angle <- c(45, 0, 135, 0)
col <- grey.colors(n+1)[2:(n+1)]
col.pattern <- c("black", col[1], "black", col[4])
if(pattern) {
bp <- barplot(x[ind,], ylim=c(0,100), width=width, space=2, beside=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col.pattern, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
bp <- barplot(x[ind,], ylim=c(0,100), width=width, space=2, beside=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col)
}
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,110), n=8)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
bp1 <- bp - width/2
bp2 <- bp + width/2
xx <- x[ind,]
x0 <- rep(0,p)
for(i in 1:(n-1))
{
x0 <- x0 + xx[i,]
for(j in 1:(p-1))
lines(c(bp2[j],bp1[j+1]), x0[j:(j+1)])
}
if(pattern) {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x[ind,])[n:1], bg="white", fill=col.pattern[n:1], density=density[n:1], angle=angle[n:1])
} else {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x[ind,])[n:1], fill=col[n:1], bg="white")
}
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile="graph9", type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
##
## Line chart - MVA growth in industrialized regions (1990=100)
##
graph10 <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## prepare the data set
x1 <- cbind(x$CT897, x$CT935, x$CT937, x$CT960)
for(i in 1:ncol(x1))
x1[,i] <- x1[,i]/x1[1,i]*100
rownames(x1) <- x$YEAR
colnames(x1) <- c("EU-15", "East Asia", "North America", "CIS")
do.line(x1, outfile="graph10")
}
##
## Barchart - average annual growth in developing countries
## by geographical region
graph11 <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## prepare the data set
x1 <- cbind(x$CT903, x$CT916, x$CT962-x$CT916, x$CT980, x$CT982, x$CT957)
rownames(x1) <- x$YEAR
colnames(x1) <- c("Developing \ncountries",
"China",
"Asia \n(excl.China)",
"Europa",
"Africa",
"Latin \nAmerica")
b1 <- ((x1["2004",]/x1["1999",])^(1/5) - 1)*100
b2 <- ((x1["2009",]/x1["2004",])^(1/5) - 1)*100
x2 <- t(cbind(b1,b2))
rownames(x2) <- c("1999-2004", "2004-2009")
do.bar(x2, outfile="graph11")
}
## embedFonts(file="mvadistr.pdf", outfile = "mvadistrx.pdf")
## gswin32c -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -q -dAutoRotatePages=/None -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=c:\\TEMP\\RtmpLZkdzf\\Rembed41bb5af1 -sFONTPATH= mvadistr.pdf"
####gswin32c -dSAFER -dNOPLATFONTS -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer -dEmbedAllFonts=true -sOutputFile=c:\.x.pdf mvadistr.pdf
####gswin32c -dSAFER -dNOPLATFONTS -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -dEmbedAllFonts=true -sOutputFile=c:\.x.pdf mvadistr.pdf
## - ignores the specified 'outfile' and writes to a TEMP directory
####gswin32c -dSAFER -dNOPLATFONTS -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer -dMaxSubsetPct=100 -dSubsetFonts=true -dEmbedAllFonts=true -sOutputFile=c:\.x.pdf -f mvadistr.pdf
####gswin32c -dSAFER -dNOPLATFONTS -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -dAutoRotatePages=/None -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer -dMaxSubsetPct=100 -dSubsetFonts=true -dEmbedAllFonts=true -sOutputFile=c:\.x.pdf -f mvadistr.pdf
## - Generate EPS
## - Call gswin32c on the EPS files with output as PDF
##gswin32c -dSAFER -dNOPLATFONTS -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer -dEmbedAllFonts=true -sOutputFile=mvadistr.pdf mvadistr.eps
test.embed <- function()
{
plot(0,0)
savePlot(file="testembed", type="pdf")
cc<-embedFonts(file="testembed.pdf", outfile="testout.pdf", options="-dUseCIEColor=true -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer")
}
######################################################################
load("graphdata.rda")
## Used for Yearbook 2014 ===================================
##
if(FALSE)
{
MVA.growth(obox, type) # 1. uses graph.mva
MVA.LDC.2013(obox, type) # 2. uses graph.mva
MVA.share(obox, type) # 3. uses graph.mva
MVA.emp(obox, type) # 4. uses locally computed data (exported from INDSTAT and MVA)
MVA.emerging(obox, type) # 5. uses graph.mva
MVA.numbers(obox, type) # 6. uses graph.mva
}
## Used for Yearbook 2013 ===================================
##
if(FALSE)
{
MVA.overall.2013(obox, type) # 1. uses graph.mva
MVA.LDC.2013(obox, type) # 2. uses graph.mva
MVA.share(obox, type) # 3. uses graph.mva
MVA.emp(obox, type) # 4. uses locally computed data (exported from INDSTAT and MVA)
MVA.emerging(obox, type) # 5. uses graph.mva
MVA.numbers(obox, type) # 6. uses graph.mva
}
## Used for Yearbook 2012 ===================================
##
if(FALSE)
{
MVA.overall(obox, type) # 1. uses graph.mva
MVA.recession(obox, type) # 2. uses graph.mva
MVACAP.freq() # 3. uses graph.mva, graph.pop, all countries
MVA.BRICS(obox, type) # 4. uses graph.mva
MVACAP.oil(obox, type) # 5. uses graph.mva, graph.pop, rcodes; selected countries
MVA.LDC(obox, type) # 6. uses graph.mva
}
## Used for Yearbook 2011 ===================================
##
if(FALSE)
{
MVA.top10.2011(obox, type) # 1. uses specialized graph.top
MVA.world.2011(obox, type) # 2. uses graph.mva
MVA.europe.2011(obox, type) # 3. uses graph.mva
MVAGDP.share.2011(obox, type) # 4. uses graph.mva and graph.gdp
MVA.distr.2011(obox, type) # 5. uses graph.mva
GDPMVA.dev.2011(obox, type) # 6. uses graph.mva and graph.gdp
}
## Used for Yearbook 2010 ===================================
##
if(FALSE)
{
graph7(x=graph.7, obox, type)
graph8(x=graph.8, obox, type)
graph9(obox, type) # uses graph.mva
graph10(x=graph.mva, obox, type) # uses graph.mva
graph11(x=graph.mva, obox, type) # uses graph.mva
GDP.dev(obox, type) # uses uses graph.mva and graph.gdp
}
## Used for Yearbook 2009 ===================================
##
if(FALSE)
{
mvashare(x=graph.1, obox, type)
mvacap(x=graph.2, obox, type)
top20.ind(x=graph.3, obox, type)
##MVA.major(obox, type)
MVA.distr(x=graph.5, obox, type)
top20.dev(x=graph.6, obox, type)
GDP.dev(obox, type) # uses uses graph.mva and graph.gdp
}
valentint/indstat documentation built on July 2, 2023, 10:39 p.m.
R Package Documentation
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setwd("S:/UQD/YEARBOOK/2014/R")
n<-25
plot(1:n, rep(0,n), pch=c(1:20), ylim=c(-10,10))
text(1:n, rep(1,n), labels=1:n)
##doSave(outfile="dummy", type="PDF")
#####
## VT::06.12.2012 - YEARBOOK 2013
##
## We use just three data sets imported from SAS:
## MVACOD, GDPCOD and POP
##
## MVACOD: graph.mva
## GDPCOD: graph.gdp
## POP: graph.pop
##
## #1: MVA.overall() - MVA
## #2: MVA.LDC() - MVA growth trends of the least developed countries, 2000-2012
## #3: MVA.share() - MVA, share (in log-scale) of major country groups in world MVA
## #4: MVA.emp() - MVA and employment in major industrialized countries in last decade
## #5: MVA.emerging() - Average annual growth of MVA of selected emerging industrial economies
## #6: MVACAP.number() - Change in the number of countries by selected range of MVA per capita
#####
## VT::18.11.2011 - YEARBOOK 2012
##
## We use just three data sets imported from SAS:
## MVACOD, GDPCOD and POP
##
## MVACOD: graph.mva
## GDPCOD: graph.gdp
## POP: graph.pop
##
## #1: MVA.overall() - MVA
## #2: MVA.recession() - MVA, annual growth, smooth line
## #3: MVACAP.freq() - MVA, POP per country (all)
## #4: MVA.BRICS() - MVA per country (BRICS), World; annual growth, share
## #5: MVACAP.oil() - MVA, POP, per country (selected)
## #6: MVA.LDC() - MVA, annual growth rates
##################################################################
## VT::01.12.12010 - YEARBOOK 2011
##
## This year the concept was changed - instead of preparing the data set
## for each graph in SAS and producing only the graph in R, only predefined
## datasets were prepared in SAS and each graph function selects the
## necessary data. The data sets are:
##
## MVACOD: graph.mva
## GDPCOD: graph.gdp
## POP: graph.pop
##
## Exception is the dta set 'graph.top' containing the data for the
## graph Share of leading manufacturers...", i.e. top 10 leading countries
## by share of MVA in world's total. This data set was prepared in SAS,
## but it is preferable to move this to R. For this purpose it is
## necessary to export from SAS a data set containing MVA for all
## countries and country groups and for all years.
##
## A. The ultimate solution would be to export to R a data set containing
## the three variables MVACOD, GDPCOD and POP for all countries,
## country groups and years. The structure could be as follows:
##
## CT YEAR MVA GDP POP
##
## B. Another improbement would be to export a list of country and
## country groups names to be used in the graphs - now these are
## hard coded in R.
##
#################################################################
###################################################
### code chunk number 2: library
###################################################
##
## Calculate Average Annual Growth Rate of X for the period [t0-tn]
##
## r.one - growth rate achieved in one year: last - first devided by first.
## We include this here, because some people use this for calculating
## the AAGR between several years (by deviding by the number of periods)
## r.ave - average of the growth rates for each year:
## mean(r1, r2, ..., rn)
## r.compound - compond annual growth rate, given as
## CAGR(tn,t0) = [V(tn)/V(t0)]^(1/(tn-t0)) - 1
## r.regress - AAGR computed by semi-log linear OLS regression
##
grate <- function(X, T, t0, tn)
{
ipos1 <- which(T==t0)
ipos2 <- which(T==tn)
vn <- X[ipos2]
v0 <- X[ipos1]
x <- X[ipos1:ipos2]
t <- T[ipos1:ipos2]
## cat("\nPeriod=",T[ipos1], "-", T[ipos2],"\n")
## 1. "One year" growth rate
r.one <- 100*(vn - v0)/v0/(tn-t0)
## 2. "Average" growth rate
rx2 <- x[2:length(x)]
rx1 <- x[1:length(x)-1]
rx <- (rx2-rx1)/rx1
print(rx)
## print(rx)
r.ave <- 100*mean(rx)
## 3. Copound growth rate
## CAGR(tn,t0) = [V(tn)/V(t0)]^(1/(tn-t0)) - 1
r.compound <- 100 *((vn/v0)^(1/(tn-t0)) - 1)
## cat("\n", t0, tn, v0, vn, r2, "\n")
## 4. Semi-log linear OLS regression
lx <- log(x)
lmx <- lm(lx~t)
r.regress <- 100*(exp(coef(lmx)[2])-1)
ret <- list(t0=t0, tn=tn, r.one=r.one, r.ave=r.ave, r.compound=r.compound, r.regress=r.regress, lm=lmx)
class(ret) <- "grate"
ret
}
print.grate <- function(x)
{
cat("\nAAGR for the period ", x$t0, "-", x$tn, "\n")
c1 <- c("r.one", "r.ave", "r.compound", "r.regress")
c2 <- c(x$r.one, x$r.ave, x$r.compound, x$r.regress)
df <- cbind.data.frame(c2)
rownames(df) <- c1
colnames(df) <- "AAGR"
print(round(df, 2))
}
select.mva <- function(rows, cols)
{
if(!missing(cols) && !is.null(cols) && length(cols) > 0)
cols <- paste("CT",cols,sep="")
else
cols <- NULL
select.data(rows, cols, graph.mva)
}
select.gdp <- function(rows, cols)
{
if(!missing(cols) && !is.null(cols) && length(cols) > 0)
cols <- paste("CT", cols, sep="")
else
cols <- NULL
select.data(rows, cols, graph.gdp)
}
select.pop <- function(rows, cols)
{
if(!missing(cols) && !is.null(cols) && length(cols) > 0)
cols <- paste("CT", cols, sep="")
else
cols <- NULL
select.data(rows, cols, graph.pop)
}
select.data <- function(rows, cols, data)
{
if(!missing(rows) & !is.null(rows))
data <- data[which(rownames(data) %in% rows),, drop=FALSE]
if(missing(cols) | is.null(cols))
return(data)
data <- data[, which(colnames(data) %in% cols), drop=FALSE]
data[, cols]
}
DUMMY <- function(gname="XXX", obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
plot(0,0)
title("Not yet implemented!")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile=gname, type=type)
}
## From CRAN - TeachingDemos
col2grey <- function (cols)
{
rgb <- col2rgb(cols)
gry <- rbind(c(0.3, 0.59, 0.11)) %*% rgb
rgb(gry, gry, gry, maxColorValue = 255)
}
#######################
##
## Linechart: Growth of MVA per-capita by development groups at constant prices of 2000 (1990=100).
##
## - the rownames are years, e.g. 1990-2009 - used as x-labels
##
## - smooth lines: https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2007-September/141161.html
## http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3480388/how-to-fit-a-smooth-curve-to-my-data-in-r
##
do.line <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf", outfile="gr-line", legend.position="topleft", ylab, smoothline=FALSE, save=FALSE)
{
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
xlab <- rownames(x)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- rep("solid", p)
leg.pch=c(21,19,12,24)[1:p]
leg.col=rep("black", p) # leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral", "magenta")
leg.bg <- rep("white", p)
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
## bottom, left, top, right
## defaults: 5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1
## empty: 3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1
mar.bottom <- 3.1
mar.left <- 4.1
if(missing(ylab))
{
ylab <- ""
mar.left <- 3.1
}
oldpar <- par(mar = c(mar.bottom, mar.left, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*abs(ylim[1])
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*abs(ylim[2])
print(xlab)
plot(tt, x[,1], cex.lab=1.2, xlab="", ylab=ylab,
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
axis(side=1, at=pretty(tt, n=min(n, 14)), las=2)
xaxis <- pretty(range(x), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
ind <- 1
for(ind in 1:p)
{
yy <- list(x=tt, y=x[, ind])
if(smoothline)
{
yy <-predict(interpSpline(tt, x[,ind]))
}
lines(yy$x, yy$y, lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
}
abline(h=0)
legend(legend.position, legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
if(save)
doSave(outfile=outfile, type=type)
}
## Barchart: Industrialized-Developing
do.bar.2013 <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf", outfile="gr-bar", ylim, ylab, legend.position="topright",
xaxis.nsmall,
src.text, src.at=2, src.line=2,
log="",
pattern=TRUE)
{
plot.bg <- "white"
n <- nrow(x)
x <- as.matrix(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
density <- c(25, 100, 25)[1:n]
angle <- c(45, 0, 135)[1:n]
col=gray.colors(n)
if(missing(ylim))
{
ylim <- c(0, max(x))
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
}
print(ylim)
bb <- if(pattern)
{
barplot(x, ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col, density=density, angle=angle, log=log)
} else {
barplot(x, ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, border="black", log=log, col=col)
}
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,ylim[2]), n=6)
labels <- ylab1
if(!missing(xaxis.nsmall))
labels <- format(ylab1, nsmall=xaxis.nsmall)
ylab1 <- c(0.1, 1, 10, 100)
labels <- format(ylab1)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, labels=labels, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
if(!missing(ylab))
mtext(ylab, side = 2, line=2, , cex=1) # "in % of world total"
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
abline(h=0)
bb <- if(pattern)
{
legend(legend.position, legend=rownames(x), density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
legend(legend.position, legend=rownames(x), fill=col)
}
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
box()
## Source text
if(!missing(src.text))
mtext(text=src.text, side=1, at=src.at, line=src.line)
doSave(outfile=outfile, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
## Barchart: Industrialized-Developing
do.bar <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf", outfile="gr-bar", ylim, ylab, xlab, legend.position="topright")
{
n <- nrow(x)
x <- as.matrix(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
density <- c(25, 100)
angle <- c(45, 0)
if(missing(ylim))
{
ylim <- c(0, max(x))
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
}
col <- c("black", "lightgray")
print(ylim)
bb <- if(pattern) {
barplot(x[1:2,], ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
barplot(x[1:2,], ylim=c(0,100), beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, border="black")
}
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,ylim[2]), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
if(!missing(ylab))
mtext(ylab, side = 2, line=2, , cex=1) # "in % of world total"
if(!missing(xlab))
mtext(xlab, side = 1, line=2, , cex=1) # "in % of world total"
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
abline(h=0)
if(pattern)
{
legend(legend.position, legend=rownames(x), density=density, angle=angle, fill=col)
} else
{
legend(legend.position, legend=rownames(x), fill=col)
}
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile=outfile, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
## Barchart: Industrialized-Developing
do.bar.line <- function(x1, x2, obox=FALSE, type="pdf", outfile="gr-bar", ylim, ylab, legend.position="topleft")
{
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
density <- c(25)
angle <- c(45)
bar.col <- c("lightgray")
x1 <- as.matrix(x1)
x2 <- as.matrix(x2)
if(missing(ylim))
{
ylim <- c(min(x1, x2), max(x1, x2))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*abs(ylim[1])
ylim[1] <- min(0, ylim[1])
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*abs(ylim[2])
}
## no axis, no names below each bar
if(pattern) {
bb <- barplot(x2, ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, names.arg = c(), axisnames=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=bar.col, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
bb <- barplot(x2, ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, names.arg = c(), axes=FALSE, col="lightgray", border="black")
}
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
ylab1 <- pretty(c(ylim[1],ylim[2]), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
if(!missing(ylab))
mtext(ylab, side = 2, line=2, , cex=1) # "in % of world total"
n <- nrow(x1)
n <- nrow(x1)
p <- ncol(x1)
xlab <- rownames(x1)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
## usr <- par("usr")
## rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
axis(side=1, at=bb, labels=pretty(tt, n=min(n, 14)), las=1)
## xaxis <- pretty(range(x), n=6)
## axis(side=2, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
leg.text <- colnames(x1)
leg.lty <- rep("solid", p)
leg.pch=c(12,19,21,24)[1:p]
leg.col=c("black", "white")
leg.bg <- rep("white", p)
plot.bg <- "white"
ind <- 1
for(ind in 1:p)
{
lines(bb, x1[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(bb, x1[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
}
leg.text <- c("Annual MVA growth rates", "Share in the world total MVA")
##legend(legend.position, legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
## legend(legend.position, legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, bg="white")
leg <- legend(legend.position, legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, col=leg.col, pch=leg.pch, bg="white")
rx0 <- leg$text$x[2]-0.75
ry0 <- leg$text$y[2]-0.5
rect(rx0, ry0, rx0+0.5, ry0+0.75, density=density, angle=angle, col=bar.col, border="black")
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile=outfile, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
doSave <- function(outfile, type="ignore")
{
savePlot(file=outfile, type="pdf")
savePlot(file=paste("1",outfile,sep=""), type="pdf")
savePlot(file=outfile, type="ps")
savePlot(file=paste("1",outfile,sep=""), type="ps")
pdffile <- paste(outfile, ".pdf", sep="")
psfile <- paste(outfile, ".ps", sep="")
tmpps <- "xxx.ps"
cmd <- paste("pdftops -paper match", pdffile, tmpps)
system(cmd)
embedFonts(file=tmpps, outfile=psfile, options="-dUseCIEColor=true -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress")
cmd <- paste("S:/UQD/YEARBOOK/2014/R/ps2pdf",psfile, pdffile)
system(cmd)
cat("\nFile with embedded fonts saved: ",cmd,"\n")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::18.11.2013
##
## Line chart
## Annual MVA growth - Industrialized, Developing, World
## 2005-2013
## Smoothed lines
##
MVA.growth <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf", years=2004:2013, windows=FALSE, save=FALSE)
{
if(windows)
windows(8,5)
## Select and prepare the data
cgrps <- c("IND", "DEV", "WOR")
cnames <- c("Industrialized economies", "Developing and EIE", "World")
x1 <- x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
x[,] <- 0
for(i in 1:p)
for(j in 2:n)
x[j,i] <- 100*x1[j,i]/x1[j-1,i] - 100
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
x <- x[-1,]
print(round(x, 2))
do.line(x, outfile="MVA_growth", ylab="Annual growth in % ", legend.position="bottomright", smoothline=TRUE)
xtable(x)
}
####################################
##
## VT::18.11.2013
##
## Line chart
## MVA and GDP growth of developing and emerging industrial economies - (2000=100)
##
MVAGDP.growth <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2000:2013
cgrps <- c("DEV")
cnames <- c("Developing and EIE")
mva <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
gdp <- select.gdp(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- cbind.data.frame(MVA=mva, GDP=gdp)
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
print(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
rownames(x) <- years
print(round(x, 2))
do.line(x, outfile="MVAGDP_growth", ylab="Growth in % (2000=100)")
}
####################################
##
## VT::18.11.2013
##
## Pie chart
## MVA.distribution: Distribution of the world MVA, 2013
##
MVA.distr <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2013
cgrps <- c("916", "EIEX", "DEVOT", "LDC", "IND")
cnames <- c("China", "Emerging Industrial Economies", "Other developing economies", "Least developed countries", "Industrialized Economies")
mva <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(mva)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
names(x) <- cnames
print(round(x, 2))
## do.line(x, outfile="MVAGDP_growth", ylab="Growth in % (2000=100)")
pie(x)
}
####################################
##
## VT::6.12.2012
##
## Line chart
## MVA growth - industrialized, developing, world (1995=100)
##
MVA.overall.2013 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2000:2012
cgrps <- c("WOR", "IND", "EIE", "DEVOT")
cnames <- c("World", "Industrialized economies", "EIEs incl.China", "Other developing economies")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
do.line(x, outfile="MVA_overall", ylab="Growth in % (2000=100)")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::6.12.2012
##
## Line chart
## MVA growth - industrialized, developing, world (1995=100)
##
MVA.LDC.2013 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2000:2012
cgrps <- c("LDCAF", "LDCAS", "LDCSA", "LDC")
cnames <- c("African LDCs", "Asian LDCs", "Small island LDCs", "All LDCs")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
do.line(x, outfile="MVA_LDC", ylab="Growth in % (2000=100)")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::6.12.2012
##
## Bar chart
## Share of MVA of groups:
## Industrialized, EIEs, Developing and LDC
##
MVA.share <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- c(2000, 2005, 2012)
cgrps <- c("IND", "EIE", "DEVOT", "LDC", "WOR")
cnames <- c("Industrialized", "EIEs incl. China", "Other developing", "LDCs")
xmva <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
world <- xmva[,ncol(xmva)]
xmva <- as.matrix(xmva[,-ncol(xmva)])
## check that world total os OK :)
print(all.equal(rowSums(xmva), world, check.attributes=FALSE))
n <- nrow(xmva)
p <- ncol(xmva)
x <- 100 * xmva/world
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
## do.bar.2013(x, outfile="MVA_share", ylim=c(0.1, 100), ylab="Share in percent", xaxis.nsmall=1, src.text="Source: UNIDO Database", src.at=2, src.line=2)
do.bar.2013(x, outfile="MVA_share", ylim=c(0.1, 100), ylab="Share in percent (log scale)", log="y", pattern=FALSE)
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::18.11.2011
##
##
MVA.emp <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2001:2010
emp <- c(-2.5, -4.2, -3.4, -3.4, -2.5, -1.5, 1.2, -3.1, -5.2, 2.9)
mva <- c(-3.4, 0.7, 2.8, 5.9, 3.4, 3.2, 3.8, -3.4, -13.5, 4.4)
cnames <- c("Employment", "MVA")
x <- cbind(emp, mva)
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
print(round(x,2))
do.line(x, outfile="MVA_emp", legend.position="bottomleft", smoothline=TRUE, ylab="Annual growth rate in %")
}
#############################################################################################################
##
## VT::6.12.2012
##
## Bar chart
## Average annual growthrate of MVA:
## Selected countries
##
MVA.emerging <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2001:2012
year1 <- years[2]
year2 <- 2007
year3 <- years[length(years)]
cgrps <- c("156", "356", "710", "076", "484")
cnames <- c("China", "India", "South Africa", "Brazil", "Mexico")
xmva <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
xmva <- as.matrix(xmva)
n <- nrow(xmva)
p <- ncol(xmva)
x <- matrix(0, ncol=length(cgrps), nrow=2)
for(i in 1:p)
{
x[1, i] <- grate(xmva[,i], years, year1-1, year2)$r.ave
x[2, i] <- grate(xmva[,i], years, year2-1, year3)$r.ave
}
rownames(x) <- c(paste(year1, "-", year2, sep=""), paste(year2, "-", year3, sep=""))
colnames(x) <- cnames
do.bar(x, outfile="MVA_emerging", ylab="Average annual growth rate in percent")
}
#############################################################################################################
##
## VT::6.12.2012
##
## Bar chart
## Frequence table of MVA per capita
## 1992 and 2012
##
MVA.numbers <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
year1 <- 1992
year2 <- 2012
m.rcodes <- rcodes[which(rcodes$COMPTYPE == "M"),]
cgrps <- m.rcodes$ACODE
cols <- paste("CT", cgrps, sep="")
cmva <- colnames(graph.mva)
ct <- m.rcodes[which(cols %in% cmva),]
cgrps <- cgrps[which(cols %in% cmva)]
xmva1 <- select.mva(year1, cgrps) # select countries and years
xmva2 <- select.mva(year2, cgrps) # select countries and years
xmva2x <- select.mva(year2-1, cgrps) # select countries and years
xmva2y <- select.mva(year2-2, cgrps) # select countries and years
xmiss2 <- c(which(is.na(xmva2)))
print(names(xmva2[xmiss2]))
## if missing take it from the previous year
xmva2[xmiss2] <- xmva2x[xmiss2]
xmiss2 <- c(which(is.na(xmva2)))
print(names(xmva2[xmiss2]))
## if still missing take it from two years ago
xmva2[xmiss2] <- xmva2y[xmiss2]
xmiss2 <- c(which(is.na(xmva2)))
print(names(xmva2[xmiss2]))
xpop1 <- select.pop(year1, cgrps) # select countries and years
xpop2 <- select.pop(year2, cgrps) # select countries and years
xmiss <- unique(c(which(is.na(xmva1)), which(is.na(xpop1)), which(is.na(xmva2)), which(is.na(xpop2))))
xmva1 <- xmva1[-xmiss]
xmva2 <- xmva2[-xmiss]
xpop1 <- xpop1[-xmiss]
xpop2 <- xpop2[-xmiss]
x1 <- as.numeric(xmva1/xpop1)
x2 <- as.numeric(xmva2/xpop2)
breaks <- c(-Inf, 100, 1000, 5000, Inf)
labels <- c("Less than 100","100-1000","1000-5000", "More than 5000")
xx1 <- cut(x1, breaks=breaks, labels=labels)
xx2 <- cut(x2, breaks=breaks, labels=labels)
x <- rbind(table(xx1), table(xx2))
rownames(x) <- c(year1, year2)
colnames(x) <- labels
do.bar(x, outfile="MVACAP_numbers", ylab="Number of countries", xlab="MVA per capita at constant 2005 prices")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::18.11.2011
##
## Line chart
## MVA growth - industrialized, developing, world (1995=100)
##
MVA.overall <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 1995:2011
cgrps <- c(933, 903, 918)
cnames <- c("Industrialized countries", "Developing countries", "World")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
do.line(x, outfile="MVA_overall", ylab="Growth in % (1995=100)")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::18.11.2011
##
##
MVA.recession <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2005:2011
cgrps <- c(933, 903, 918)
cnames <- c("Industrialized countries", "Developing countries", "World")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
x1 <- x
x1[1,] <- 0
for(i in 1:p)
{
for(j in 2:n)
x1[j,i] <- 100*x[j,i]/x[j-1,i] - 100
}
rownames(x1) <- years
colnames(x1) <- cnames
x1 <- x1[-1,]
print(round(x1,2))
do.line(x1, outfile="MVA_recession", legend.position="bottomleft", smoothline=TRUE, ylab="Annual growth rate in %")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::18.11.2011
##
## Line chart
## MVA growth rates - LDC, developing (1999=0)
##
MVA.LDC <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2000:2011
cgrps <- c(917, 899)
cnames <- c("LDCs", "Developing countries")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
print(round(x))
x1 <- x
x1[1,] <- 0
for(i in 1:p)
{
for(j in 2:n)
x1[j,i] <- 100*x[j,i]/x[j-1,i] - 100
}
x2 <- x[,1]/x[,2]*100
x1 <- x1[-1,]
x2 <- x2[-1]
print(round(x1,1))
print(round(x2,1))
rownames(x1) <- years[-1]
colnames(x1) <- cnames
do.bar(t(x1), outfile="MVA_LDC", ylim=c(-2.5, 11), ylab="Annual growth rate in %")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::24.11.2011
##
## Histogram
## MVA per capita - all countries
##
MVACAP.freq <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2011
cgrps <- NULL
## cnames <- c()
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x.mva <- x[,which(colnames(x) <= "CT895")]
x <- select.pop(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x.pop <- x[,which(colnames(x) <= "CT895")]
stopifnot(dim(x.mva) == dim(x.pop))
stopifnot(all.equal(colnames(x.mva), colnames(x.pop)))
n <- nrow(x.mva)
p <- ncol(x.mva)
x.mva <- as.matrix(x.mva)
x.pop <- as.matrix(x.pop)
x <- x.mva/x.pop
x <- x[,-which(is.na(x)), drop=FALSE]
y <- sqrt(x[1,])
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## histogram(y, type="count", breaks=c(0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100), main="", xlab="MVA per capita, squared")
hist(y, breaks=c(0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100), main="", xlab="MVA per capita, squared", col="white")
lines(density(y), lwd=1.7)
box(which="plot")
doSave(outfile="MVACAP_freq", type=type)
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::18.11.2011
##
## Line chart
## MVA growth rates - LDC, developing (1999=0)
##
MVA.BRICS <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 2001:2011
cgrps <- c("076", 643, 356, 156, 710)
# cnames <- c("Brazil", "Russian Federation", "India", "China", "South Africa")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
x <- as.matrix(x)
print(round(x))
x.brics <- rowSums(x)
x.world <- select.mva(years, c(918))
x1 <- x.brics
x1[1] <- 0
for(j in 2:n)
x1[j] <- 100*x.brics[j]/x.brics[j-1] - 100
x2 <- x.brics/x.world*100
x1 <- as.matrix(x1[-1])
x2 <- as.matrix(x2[-1])
rownames(x1) <- rownames(x2) <- years[-1]
colnames(x1) <- c("Annual MVA growth rates of BRICS")
colnames(x2) <- c("BRICS share in world MVA")
print(round(x1,1))
print(round(x2,1))
do.bar.line(x1, x2, outfile="MVA_BRICS", legend="topleft", ylab="in percent")
}
#####################################################################################################################
##
## VT::24.11.2011
##
## Vertical bar plot, 2001 and 2011
## MVA per capita - selected countries
##
MVACAP.oil <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
gname <- "MVACAP_oil"
## Select and prepare the data
## 784=United Arab Emirates
## 634=Qatar
## 414=Kuwait
## 682=Saudi Arabia
## 862=Venezuela
## 512=Oman
## 364=Iran
## 360=Indonesia
## 218=Ecuador
## 434=Libiya
## "012"=Algeria
## "024"=Angola
## 736=Sudan
## 566=Nigeria
## 368=Iraq
years <- c(2001, 2011)
cgrps <- c(784, 634, 414, 682, 862, 512, 364, 360, 218, 434, "012", "024", 736, 566, 368)
cnames <- rcodes[which(rcodes$ACODE %in% cgrps),-c(2,4)]
x.mva <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x.pop <- select.pop(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
stopifnot(dim(x.mva) == dim(x.pop))
stopifnot(all.equal(colnames(x.mva), colnames(x.pop)))
x.mva <- as.matrix(x.mva)
x.pop <- as.matrix(x.pop)
xx <- x.mva/x.pop
print( colnames(xx))
print(paste("CT", cnames$ACODE, sep=""))
imatch <- match(colnames(xx), paste("CT", cnames$ACODE, sep=""))
colnames(xx) <- cnames[imatch,]$DESC
ina <- unique(c(which(is.na(xx[1,])), which(is.na(xx[2,]))))
xx <- xx[,-ina]
iord <- order(xx[2,])
x <- xx[c(2,1),iord]
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
print(t(x))
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(1.1, 14, 3.1, 1.1))
par(las=2)
xlim<-c(4.5, max(x)+0.1*max(x))
density <- c(30, 100)
angle <- c(45, 90)
space <- c(0,0.5)
col <- c(col2grey(3), col2grey(7))
cex.axis <- 0.9
## Pattern not possible if log scale used.
bb <- if(pattern) {
## barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), log="x", space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black", xlim=xlim, col=col, density=density, angle=angle)
barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), log="x", space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black", xlim=xlim, col=col, angle=c(0,45))
} else {
barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), log="x", space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black")
}
mtext("MVA per capita (log scale)", las=0, line=1.5)
## xaxis.lab <- pretty(exp(xlim), n=6)
## xaxis <- log(xaxis.lab)
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
axis(side=3, at=c(1, 10,100, 1000, 10000), lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1, cex.axis=cex.axis)
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
if(pattern) {
## legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[n:1], fill=col[n:1], density=density[n:1], angle=angle[n:1], bg="white")
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[n:1], fill=col[n:1], bg="white")
} else {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[n:1], fill=grey.colors(p)[n:1], bg="white")
}
## Here can be added text on the top horizontal axis
## mtext("US$ at 2000 constant prices", side = 3, line=2, , cex=cex.axis, las=1)
usr <- par("usr")
##rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="red")
rect(10^usr[1], usr[3], 10^usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="inner")
doSave(outfile=gname, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
#########################################################################################
##
## VT::01.12.2010
##
## Line chart
## MVA growth - regions in Europe (1995=100)
##
MVA.europe.2011 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 1995:2010
cgrps <- c(960, 898, 897, 961)
cnames <- c("CIS", "EU-12", "EU-15", "Other Europe")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
rownames(x) <- years
colnames(x) <- cnames
do.line(x, outfile="MVA_europe")
}
##
## VT::01.12.2010
##
## Barchart (stacked bars)
## Distribution of total MVA of developing countries.
##
MVA.distr.2011 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
gname <- "MVA_distr"
## Select and prepare the data
years <- c(1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010)
cgrps <- c(916, 915, 990, 917)
cnames <- c("China", "NICs", "Other developing \ncountries", "LDCs")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
xdev <- select.mva(years, 903) # select developing countries
xdev <- as.matrix(xdev) %*% rep(1,4) #
x <- round(x/xdev*100, 2) # calculate shares in developing countries
x <- t(x)
rownames(x) <- cnames
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
## alter margins
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
width <- 0.5
ind <- 1:4
density <- c(25, 100, 25, 100)
angle <- c(45, 0, 135, 0)
col <- grey.colors(n+1)[2:(n+1)]
col.pattern <- c("black", col[1], "black", col[4])
if(pattern) {
bp <- barplot(x[ind,], ylim=c(0,100), width=width, space=2, beside=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col.pattern, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
bp <- barplot(x[ind,], ylim=c(0,100), width=width, space=2, beside=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col)
}
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,110), n=8)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
bp1 <- bp - width/2
bp2 <- bp + width/2
xx <- x[ind,]
x0 <- rep(0,p)
for(i in 1:(n-1))
{
x0 <- x0 + xx[i,]
for(j in 1:(p-1))
lines(c(bp2[j],bp1[j+1]), x0[j:(j+1)])
}
if(pattern) {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x[ind,])[n:1], bg="white", fill=col.pattern[n:1], density=density[n:1], angle=angle[n:1])
} else {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x[ind,])[n:1], fill=col[n:1], bg="white")
}
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile=gname, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
##
## VT::01.12.2010
##
## Line chart
## GDP and MVA growth of developing countries.
##
GDPMVA.dev.2011 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 1990:2010
cgrps <- c(903)
GDP <- select.gdp(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
MVA <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- cbind.data.frame(GDP, MVA)
rownames(x) <- years
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
tt <- xlab <- years
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- c("solid", "solid")
leg.pch=c(19,21)
leg.col=c("black","black")
## leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral")
leg.bg <- c("white", "white")
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*ylim[1]
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
plot(tt, x[,1], xlab="", cex.lab=1.2, ylab="",
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
## R does not accept rotation of the lables by e.g. srt=90
axis(side=1, at=tt, lab=xlab, las=2)
ylab1 <- pretty(range(x), n=8)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
ind <- 1
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 2
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
legend("topleft", legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
doSave(outfile="GDPMVA_dev", type=type)
}
##
## VT::01.12.2010
##
## Bar chart chart
## Share of MVA in GDP: Industrialized and Developing groups, 2000 and 2010
MVAGDP.share.2011 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- c(2000, 2010)
cgrps <- c(933, 903, 916, 915, 917, 990)
cnames <- c("Industrialized\ncountries", "Developing\ncountries", "China", "NICs", "LDCs", "Other developing\ncountries")
GDP <- select.gdp(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
MVA <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- 100*MVA/GDP
colnames(x) <- cnames
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
x <- as.matrix(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
density <- c(25, 100)
angle <- c(45, 0)
col <- c("black", "lightgray")
ylim <- c(0, round(max(x) + 5))
if(pattern) {
barplot(x[1:2,], ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
barplot(x[1:2,], ylim=ylim, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, border="black")
}
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,ylim[2]), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
#
# Add here some text on the Y-axis
# mtext("in % of world total", side = 2, line=2, , cex=1)
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(pattern) {
legend("topright", legend=rownames(x), bg="white", fill=col[n:1], density=density[n:1], angle=angle[n:1])
} else {
legend("topright", legend=rownames(x), fill=col[n:1], bg="white")
}
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile="MVAGDP_share", type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
## VT::02.12.2010
## Horizontal Barchart:
## 2000-2010, 10 countries, by share of MVA in world's total
##
MVA.top10.2011 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
gname <- "MVA_TOP10"
x <- graph.top
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
x <- t(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(1.1, 8.5, 3.1, 1.1))
par(las=2)
xlim<-c(0, max(x)+0.20*max(x))
density <- c(30, 100)
angle <- c(45, 90)
space <- c(0,0.5)
col <- c("black", "lightgray")
cex.axis <- 0.9
if(pattern) {
barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black", xlim=xlim, col=col, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black", xlim=xlim)
}
xaxis <- pretty(xlim, n=6)
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
axis(side=3, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1, cex.axis=cex.axis)
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
if(pattern) {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[p:1], fill=col[p:1], density=density[p:1], angle=angle[p:1], bg="white")
} else {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[p:1], fill=grey.colors(p)[p:1], bg="white")
}
## Here can be added text on the top horizontal axis
## mtext("US$ at 2000 constant prices", side = 3, line=2, , cex=cex.axis, las=1)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile=gname, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
###########################################################################################
## END OF YEARBOOK 2011
xyrect <- function(x1, y1, x2, y2, horizontal = TRUE, ...)
{
if (horizontal)
rect(x1, y1, x2, y2, ...)
else rect(y1, x1, y2, x2, ...)
}
plot(0)
## Help to select pch symbols for plotting of linecharts
test.pch <- function()
{
x <- 1:10
y <- rep(0,length(x))
leg.pch <- 11:20
plot(x,1:10, type="n")
for(i in 1:10)
{
y <- y + 1
lines(x, y)
points(x, y, pch=leg.pch[i], cex=1.25)
}
}
obox=FALSE # whether to drow outer bounding box around the graphs
type <- "pdf" # type of output
pattern <- TRUE # for barcharts - wheather to use pattern or shades of gray
plot.bg <- "white"
##
## To embed the fonts in the pdf file infile (without extension)
## - First infile.pdf is converted to PS using pdftops.exe tool
## - Then embedFots function is used to embed the fonts (calling in turn gswin32c.exe)
## - And the file is converted back to PDF using ps2pdf.exe
##
doEmbed <- function(infile, outfile)
{
pdffile <- paste(outfile, ".pdf", sep="")
ifile <- paste(infile, ".pdf", sep="")
psfile <- paste(infile, ".ps", sep="")
cmd <- paste("pdftops", ifile, psfile)
system(cmd)
ofile <- paste(outfile, ".ps", sep="")
embedFonts(file=psfile, outfile=ofile, options="-dUseCIEColor=true -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress")
cmd <- paste("ps2pdf", ofile, pdffile)
system(cmd)
}
doSave2009 <- function(outfile, type)
{
savePlot(file=outfile, type=type)
savePlot(file=paste("1",outfile,sep=""), type=type)
if(type == "ps")
{
ifile <- paste(outfile, "ps", sep="")
ofile <- "xxx.ps"
embedFonts(file=ifile, outfile=ofile, options="-dUseCIEColor=true -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress")
pdffile <- paste(outfile, ".pdf", sep="")
cmd <- paste("ps2pdf", ofile, pdffile)
system(cmd)
}
if(type == "pdf")
{
pdffile <- paste(outfile, ".pdf", sep="")
psfile <- paste(outfile, ".ps", sep="")
cmd <- paste("pdftops -paper match", pdffile, psfile)
system(cmd)
tmpps <- "xxx.ps"
embedFonts(file=psfile, outfile=tmpps, options="-dUseCIEColor=true -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress")
cmd <- paste("ps2pdf",psfile, pdffile)
system(cmd)
}
}
## Barchart: Industrialized-Developing
mvashare <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Read the data
##x <- read.table(file="mvashare.tab", header=FALSE)
##rownames(x) <- c("Industrialized", "Developing", "China")
##colnames(x) <- c(1990, 1995, 2000, 2005)
##x <- x[1:2,]
n <- nrow(x)
x <- as.matrix(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
density <- c(25, 100)
angle <- c(45, 0)
if(pattern) {
barplot(x[1:2,], ylim=c(0,100), beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, legend.text=rownames(x), border="black", col=c("black", "lightgray"), density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
barplot(x[1:2,], ylim=c(0,100), beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, legend.text=rownames(x), border="black")
}
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,110), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
mtext("in % of world total", side = 2, line=2, , cex=1)
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile="mvashare", type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
## Linechart: Growth of MVA per-capita by development groups at constant prices of 2000 (1990=100).
##
mvacap <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
if(p != p)
stop("X must have 3 columns: Industrialized, Developing and LDCs")
xlab <- rownames(x)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- rep("solid", p)
leg.pch=c(12,19,21,24)[1:p]
leg.col=rep("black", p) # leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral", "magenta")
leg.bg <- rep("white", p)
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*ylim[1]
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
plot(tt, x[,1], xlab="", cex.lab=1.2, ylab="",
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
## R does not accept rotation of the lables by e.g. srt=90
axis(side=1, at=pretty(tt, n=14), las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=pretty(tt,14), lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=tt, labels=FALSE) # plot the axis without labels
## Now draw the textual axis labels
## text(tt+0.3, par("usr")[3] - 7, labels = xlab, srt = 90, pos = 2, xpd = TRUE)
xaxis <- pretty(range(x), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
ind <- 1
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 2
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 3
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
legend("topleft", legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
doSave(outfile="mvacap", type=type)
}
## Horizontal Barchart: 1990-2007, 20 countries
top20 <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf", outfile){
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
x <- t(x)
dev.off()
windows(5,8)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(1.1, 8.5, 3.1, 1.1))
par(las=2)
xlim<-c(0, max(x)+0.20*max(x))
density <- c(30, 100)
angle <- c(45, 90)
space <- c(0,0.5)
col <- c("black", "lightgray")
cex.axis <- 0.9
if(pattern) {
barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black", xlim=xlim, col=col, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
barplot(x, width=rep(4,2*n), space=space, beside=TRUE, axes=FALSE, horiz=TRUE, border="black", xlim=xlim)
}
xaxis <- pretty(xlim, n=6)
par(mgp = c(3,0.5,0))
axis(side=3, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1, cex.axis=cex.axis)
par(mgp = c(3,2,0))
if(pattern) {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[p:1], fill=col[p:1], density=density[p:1], angle=angle[p:1], bg="white")
} else {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x)[p:1], fill=grey.colors(p)[p:1], bg="white")
}
mtext("US$ at 2000 constant prices", side = 3, line=2, , cex=cex.axis, las=1)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile=outfile, type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
top20.ind <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf"){
top20(x, obox, type, "top20ind")
}
top20.dev <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf"){
top20(x, obox, type, "top20dev")
}
## Linechart: GDP and MVA growth of developing countries.
GDP.dev <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- 1990:2010
cgrps <- c(903)
GDP <- select.gdp(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
MVA <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
x <- cbind.data.frame(GDP, MVA)
rownames(x) <- years
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
for(i in 1:p)
x[,i] <- 100*x[,i]/x[1,i]
xlab <- rownames(x)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- c("solid", "solid")
leg.pch=c(19,21)
leg.col=c("black","black")
## leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral")
leg.bg <- c("white", "white")
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*ylim[1]
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
plot(tt, x[,1], xlab="", cex.lab=1.2, ylab="",
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
## title(main="Growth of MVA per-capita by development groups at constant prices of 2000\n1990=100.0", cex.main=0.9)
## title(ylab="", cex.lab=1.2)
## R does not accept rotation of the lables by e.g. srt=90
axis(side=1, at=tt, lab=xlab, las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=tt, labels=FALSE) # plot the axis without labels
## Now draw the textual axis labels
## text(tt+0.3, par("usr")[3] - 7, labels = xlab, srt = 90, pos = 2, xpd = TRUE)
ylab1 <- pretty(range(x), n=8)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
ind <- 1
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 2
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
legend("topleft", legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
doSave(outfile="gdpdev", type=type)
}
MVA.major <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Read the data
x <- read.table(file="mvamajor.tab", header=TRUE)
n <- nrow(x)
rownames(x) <- 1990:(1990+n-1)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
if(p != 3)
stop("X must have 3 columns: Industrialized, Developing and LDCs")
xlab <- rownames(x)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- c("solid", "solid", "solid")
leg.pch=c(12,19,21)
leg.col=c("black","black","black")
## leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral", "magenta")
leg.bg <- c("white", "white", "white")
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*ylim[1]
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
plot(tt, x[,1], xlab="", cex.lab=1.2, ylab="",
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
## title(main="Growth of MVA per-capita by development groups at constant prices of 2000\n1990=100.0", cex.main=0.9)
## title(ylab="", cex.lab=1.2)
## R does not accept rotation of the lables by e.g. srt=90
axis(side=1, at=tt, lab=xlab, las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=tt, labels=FALSE) # plot the axis without labels
## Now draw the textual axis labels
## text(tt+0.3, par("usr")[3] - 7, labels = xlab, srt = 90, pos = 2, xpd = TRUE)
ylab1 <- pretty(range(x), n=8)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
ind <- 1
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 2
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 3
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
legend("topleft", legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
doSave(outfile="mvamajor", type=type)
}
## Barchart (stacked bars): Distribution of total MVA of developing countries.
MVA.distr <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Read the data
##x <- read.table(file="mvadistr.tab", header=FALSE)
##rownames(x) <- x[,1]
##x <- as.matrix(x[,-1])
##colnames(x) <- c(1990, 1995, 2000, 2005)
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
# rearange the bars:
ind <-c(2,1,4,5,3)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
## alter margins
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
width <- 0.5
density <- c(25, 100, 25, 100, 25)
angle <- c(45, 0, 135, 0, 90)
col <- grey.colors(n+1)[2:(n+1)]
col.pattern <- c("black", col[1], "black", col[4], "black")
if(pattern) {
bp <- barplot(x[ind,], ylim=c(0,100), width=width, space=2, beside=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col.pattern, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
bp <- barplot(x[ind,], ylim=c(0,100), width=width, space=2, beside=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col)
}
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,110), n=8)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
bp1 <- bp - width/2
bp2 <- bp + width/2
xx <- x[ind,]
x0 <- rep(0,p)
for(i in 1:(n-1))
{
x0 <- x0 + xx[i,]
for(j in 1:(p-1))
lines(c(bp2[j],bp1[j+1]), x0[j:(j+1)])
}
if(pattern) {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x[ind,])[n:1], bg="white", fill=col.pattern[n:1], density=density[n:1], angle=angle[n:1])
} else {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x[ind,])[n:1], fill=col[n:1], bg="white")
}
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile="mvadistr", type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
##################################################################
##
## Graphs added for Yearbook 2010
## VT::20.11.2009
graph7 <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf", at.x)
{
x <- t(x) # x was created with 2 rows and many columns (years)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
if(p != 2)
stop("X must have 2 columns: Industrialized and Developing")
xlab <- rownames(x)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- rep("solid", 3)
leg.pch=c(12,13,1) #c(21,19,24)
leg.col=rep("black",3) # leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral", "magenta")
leg.bg <- rep("white", 3)
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*ylim[1]
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
plot(tt, x[,1], xlab="", cex.lab=1.2, ylab="",
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
## R does not accept rotation of the lables by e.g. srt=90
if(missing(at.x))
at.x = pretty(tt, n=12)
las <- if(length(at.x) > length(tt)/2) 2 else 0
axis(side=1, at=at.x, las=las)
## axis(side=1, at=pretty(tt,14), lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=tt, labels=FALSE) # plot the axis without labels
## Now draw the textual axis labels
## text(tt+0.3, par("usr")[3] - 7, labels = xlab, srt = 90, pos = 2, xpd = TRUE)
xaxis <- pretty(range(x), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
for(ind in 1:2)
{
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
}
xdif <- (tt[2] - tt[1])/5
for(ii in 1:length(tt))
{
xmin <- tt[ii] - xdif
xmax <- tt[ii] + xdif
ymin <- x[ii,1]
ymax <- x[ii,2]
xyrect(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax, density=15, angle=0)
}
legend("topright", legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
doSave(outfile="graph7", type=type)
}
##
##
## Linechart: Growth of MVA per-capita by development groups at constant prices of 2000 (1990=100).
##
## Almost the same as graph.2 - see mvacap()
graph8 <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
if(p != 3)
stop("X must have 3 columns: African LDCs, All LDCs and All Developing")
xlab <- rownames(x)
tt <- as.numeric(xlab)
leg.text <- colnames(x)
leg.lty <- rep("solid", 3)
leg.pch=c(12,19,21) #c(21,19,24)
leg.col=rep("black",3) # leg.bg <- c("lightcyan", "coral", "magenta")
leg.bg <- rep("white", 3)
plot.bg <- "white"
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
par(bg=plot.bg)
## alter margin 4; others are default
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
xlim <- c(min(tt),max(tt))
ylim <- c(min(x), max(x))
ylim[1] <- ylim[1] - 0.1*ylim[1]
ylim[2] <- ylim[2] + 0.1*ylim[2]
plot(tt, x[,1], xlab="", cex.lab=1.2, ylab="",
xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, type="n",
axes=FALSE)
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="white", border="black")
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
## R does not accept rotation of the lables by e.g. srt=90
axis(side=1, at=pretty(tt, n=14), las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=pretty(tt,14), lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=2)
## axis(side=1, at=tt, labels=FALSE) # plot the axis without labels
## Now draw the textual axis labels
## text(tt+0.3, par("usr")[3] - 7, labels = xlab, srt = 90, pos = 2, xpd = TRUE)
xaxis <- pretty(range(x), n=6)
axis(side=2, at=xaxis, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
ind <- 1
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 2
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
ind <- 3
lines(tt, x[,ind], lty=leg.lty[ind], col=leg.col[ind])
points(tt, x[,ind], pch=leg.pch[ind], bg=leg.bg[ind], cex=1.25)
legend("topleft", legend=leg.text, lty=leg.lty, pch=leg.pch, col=leg.col, bg="white")
doSave(outfile="graph8", type=type)
}
##
## VT::20.11.2009
## Barchart (stacked bars): Distribution of total MVA of developing countries.
##
## Almost the same as graph #5 - see MVA.distr()
##
graph9 <- function(obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## Select and prepare the data
years <- c(1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2009)
cgrps <- c(916, 915, 990, 917)
cnames <- c("China", "NICs", "Other developing \ncountries", "LDCs")
x <- select.mva(years, cgrps) # select countries and years
xdev <- select.mva(years, 903) # select developing countries
xdev <- as.matrix(xdev) %*% rep(1,4) #
x <- round(x/xdev*100, 2) # calculate shares in developing countries
x <- t(x)
rownames(x) <- cnames
x <- as.matrix(x)
n <- nrow(x)
p <- ncol(x)
dev.off()
windows(8,5)
## alter margins
oldpar <- par(mar = c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1))
par(bg=plot.bg)
width <- 0.5
ind <-1:4
density <- c(25, 100, 25, 100)
angle <- c(45, 0, 135, 0)
col <- grey.colors(n+1)[2:(n+1)]
col.pattern <- c("black", col[1], "black", col[4])
if(pattern) {
bp <- barplot(x[ind,], ylim=c(0,100), width=width, space=2, beside=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col.pattern, density=density, angle=angle)
} else {
bp <- barplot(x[ind,], ylim=c(0,100), width=width, space=2, beside=FALSE, axes=FALSE, border="black", col=col)
}
ylab1 <- pretty(c(0,110), n=8)
axis(side=2, at=ylab1, ylab=ylab1, lty="dotted", lwd=0.5, tck=TRUE, las=1)
bp1 <- bp - width/2
bp2 <- bp + width/2
xx <- x[ind,]
x0 <- rep(0,p)
for(i in 1:(n-1))
{
x0 <- x0 + xx[i,]
for(j in 1:(p-1))
lines(c(bp2[j],bp1[j+1]), x0[j:(j+1)])
}
if(pattern) {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x[ind,])[n:1], bg="white", fill=col.pattern[n:1], density=density[n:1], angle=angle[n:1])
} else {
legend("bottomright", legend=rownames(x[ind,])[n:1], fill=col[n:1], bg="white")
}
usr <- par("usr")
rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4])
if(obox)
box(which="outer")
doSave(outfile="graph9", type=type)
par(oldpar)
}
##
## Line chart - MVA growth in industrialized regions (1990=100)
##
graph10 <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## prepare the data set
x1 <- cbind(x$CT897, x$CT935, x$CT937, x$CT960)
for(i in 1:ncol(x1))
x1[,i] <- x1[,i]/x1[1,i]*100
rownames(x1) <- x$YEAR
colnames(x1) <- c("EU-15", "East Asia", "North America", "CIS")
do.line(x1, outfile="graph10")
}
##
## Barchart - average annual growth in developing countries
## by geographical region
graph11 <- function(x, obox=FALSE, type="pdf")
{
## prepare the data set
x1 <- cbind(x$CT903, x$CT916, x$CT962-x$CT916, x$CT980, x$CT982, x$CT957)
rownames(x1) <- x$YEAR
colnames(x1) <- c("Developing \ncountries",
"China",
"Asia \n(excl.China)",
"Europa",
"Africa",
"Latin \nAmerica")
b1 <- ((x1["2004",]/x1["1999",])^(1/5) - 1)*100
b2 <- ((x1["2009",]/x1["2004",])^(1/5) - 1)*100
x2 <- t(cbind(b1,b2))
rownames(x2) <- c("1999-2004", "2004-2009")
do.bar(x2, outfile="graph11")
}
## embedFonts(file="mvadistr.pdf", outfile = "mvadistrx.pdf")
## gswin32c -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -q -dAutoRotatePages=/None -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=c:\\TEMP\\RtmpLZkdzf\\Rembed41bb5af1 -sFONTPATH= mvadistr.pdf"
####gswin32c -dSAFER -dNOPLATFONTS -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer -dEmbedAllFonts=true -sOutputFile=c:\.x.pdf mvadistr.pdf
####gswin32c -dSAFER -dNOPLATFONTS -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -dEmbedAllFonts=true -sOutputFile=c:\.x.pdf mvadistr.pdf
## - ignores the specified 'outfile' and writes to a TEMP directory
####gswin32c -dSAFER -dNOPLATFONTS -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer -dMaxSubsetPct=100 -dSubsetFonts=true -dEmbedAllFonts=true -sOutputFile=c:\.x.pdf -f mvadistr.pdf
####gswin32c -dSAFER -dNOPLATFONTS -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -dAutoRotatePages=/None -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer -dMaxSubsetPct=100 -dSubsetFonts=true -dEmbedAllFonts=true -sOutputFile=c:\.x.pdf -f mvadistr.pdf
## - Generate EPS
## - Call gswin32c on the EPS files with output as PDF
##gswin32c -dSAFER -dNOPLATFONTS -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer -dEmbedAllFonts=true -sOutputFile=mvadistr.pdf mvadistr.eps
test.embed <- function()
{
plot(0,0)
savePlot(file="testembed", type="pdf")
cc<-embedFonts(file="testembed.pdf", outfile="testout.pdf", options="-dUseCIEColor=true -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer")
}
######################################################################
load("graphdata.rda")
## Used for Yearbook 2014 ===================================
##
if(FALSE)
{
MVA.growth(obox, type) # 1. uses graph.mva
MVA.LDC.2013(obox, type) # 2. uses graph.mva
MVA.share(obox, type) # 3. uses graph.mva
MVA.emp(obox, type) # 4. uses locally computed data (exported from INDSTAT and MVA)
MVA.emerging(obox, type) # 5. uses graph.mva
MVA.numbers(obox, type) # 6. uses graph.mva
}
## Used for Yearbook 2013 ===================================
##
if(FALSE)
{
MVA.overall.2013(obox, type) # 1. uses graph.mva
MVA.LDC.2013(obox, type) # 2. uses graph.mva
MVA.share(obox, type) # 3. uses graph.mva
MVA.emp(obox, type) # 4. uses locally computed data (exported from INDSTAT and MVA)
MVA.emerging(obox, type) # 5. uses graph.mva
MVA.numbers(obox, type) # 6. uses graph.mva
}
## Used for Yearbook 2012 ===================================
##
if(FALSE)
{
MVA.overall(obox, type) # 1. uses graph.mva
MVA.recession(obox, type) # 2. uses graph.mva
MVACAP.freq() # 3. uses graph.mva, graph.pop, all countries
MVA.BRICS(obox, type) # 4. uses graph.mva
MVACAP.oil(obox, type) # 5. uses graph.mva, graph.pop, rcodes; selected countries
MVA.LDC(obox, type) # 6. uses graph.mva
}
## Used for Yearbook 2011 ===================================
##
if(FALSE)
{
MVA.top10.2011(obox, type) # 1. uses specialized graph.top
MVA.world.2011(obox, type) # 2. uses graph.mva
MVA.europe.2011(obox, type) # 3. uses graph.mva
MVAGDP.share.2011(obox, type) # 4. uses graph.mva and graph.gdp
MVA.distr.2011(obox, type) # 5. uses graph.mva
GDPMVA.dev.2011(obox, type) # 6. uses graph.mva and graph.gdp
}
## Used for Yearbook 2010 ===================================
##
if(FALSE)
{
graph7(x=graph.7, obox, type)
graph8(x=graph.8, obox, type)
graph9(obox, type) # uses graph.mva
graph10(x=graph.mva, obox, type) # uses graph.mva
graph11(x=graph.mva, obox, type) # uses graph.mva
GDP.dev(obox, type) # uses uses graph.mva and graph.gdp
}
## Used for Yearbook 2009 ===================================
##
if(FALSE)
{
mvashare(x=graph.1, obox, type)
mvacap(x=graph.2, obox, type)
top20.ind(x=graph.3, obox, type)
##MVA.major(obox, type)
MVA.distr(x=graph.5, obox, type)
top20.dev(x=graph.6, obox, type)
GDP.dev(obox, type) # uses uses graph.mva and graph.gdp
}
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