Dactyl: Edgeworth's counts of dactyls in Virgil's Aeneid

In HistData: Data Sets from the History of Statistics and Data Visualization

Description

Edgeworth (1885) took the first 75 lines in Book XI of Virgil's Aeneid and classified each of the first four "feet" of the line as a dactyl (one long syllable followed by two short ones) or not.

Grouping the lines in blocks of five gave a 4 x 25 table of counts, represented here as a data frame with ordered factors, Foot and Lines. Edgeworth used this table in what was among the first examples of analysis of variance applied to a two-way classification.

Usage

data(Dactyl)

Format

A data frame with 60 observations on the following 3 variables.

Foot

an ordered factor with levels 1 < 2 < 3 < 4

Lines

an ordered factor with levels 1:5 < 6:10 < 11:15 < 16:20 < 21:25 < 26:30 < 31:35 < 36:40 < 41:45 < 46:50 < 51:55 < 56:60 < 61:65 < 66:70 < 71:75

count

number of dactyls

Source

Stigler, S. (1999) Statistics on the Table Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, table 5.1.

References

Edgeworth, F. Y. (1885). On methods of ascertaining variations in the rate of births, deaths and marriages. Journal of the [Royal] Statistical Society, 48, 628-649.

Examples

data(Dactyl)

# display the basic table
xtabs(count ~ Foot+Lines, data=Dactyl)

# simple two-way anova
anova(dact.lm <- lm(count ~ Foot+Lines, data=Dactyl))

# plot the lm-quartet
op <- par(mfrow=c(2,2))
plot(dact.lm)
par(op)

# show table as a simple mosaicplot
mosaicplot(xtabs(count ~ Foot+Lines, data=Dactyl), shade=TRUE)

Example output

    Lines
Foot 1:5 6:10 11:15 16:20 21:25 26:30 31:35 36:40 41:45 46:50 51:55 56:60 61:65
   1   3    3     5     5     4     4     2     2     2     1     2     4     3
   2   1    4     0     3     3     3     5     2     2     4     3     1     2
   3   1    2     4     2     5     2     1     2     2     2     0     2     2
   4   2    2     1     0     3     1     2     0     2     1     1     2     1
    Lines
Foot 66:70 71:75
   1     2     4
   2     3     2
   3     0     1
   4     1     0
Analysis of Variance Table

Response: count
          Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value    Pr(>F)    
Foot       3 27.650  9.2167  6.5499 0.0009826 ***
Lines     14 20.233  1.4452  1.0271 0.4467408    
Residuals 42 59.100  1.4071                      
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

HistData documentation built on May 2, 2019, 5:15 p.m.