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# Double Machine Learning for Interactive Instrumental Variable Regression Model.
dml_irmiv = function(data, y, d, z,
n_folds,
ml_g, ml_m, ml_r,
dml_procedure, score,
always_takers = TRUE, never_takers = TRUE,
n_rep = 1, smpls = NULL,
trimming_threshold = 1e-12,
params_g = NULL, params_m = NULL, params_r = NULL) {
if (is.null(smpls)) {
smpls = lapply(1:n_rep, function(x) sample_splitting(n_folds, data))
}
all_thetas = all_ses = rep(NA_real_, n_rep)
all_preds = list()
for (i_rep in 1:n_rep) {
this_smpl = smpls[[i_rep]]
train_ids = this_smpl$train_ids
test_ids = this_smpl$test_ids
all_preds[[i_rep]] = fit_nuisance_iivm(
data, y, d, z,
ml_g, ml_m, ml_r,
train_ids, test_ids,
always_takers, never_takers,
params_g, params_m, params_r)
res = extract_iivm_preds(data, y, d, z, n_folds,
this_smpl, all_preds[[i_rep]],
trimming_threshold = trimming_threshold)
m_hat = res$m_hat
g0_hat = res$g0_hat
g1_hat = res$g1_hat
r0_hat = res$r0_hat
r1_hat = res$r1_hat
D = data[, d]
Y = data[, y]
Z = data[, z]
# DML 1
if (dml_procedure == "dml1") {
thetas = vars = rep(NA_real_, n_folds)
for (i in 1:n_folds) {
test_index = test_ids[[i]]
orth_est = orth_irmiv_dml(
m_hat = m_hat[test_index],
g0_hat = g0_hat[test_index], g1_hat = g1_hat[test_index],
r0_hat = r0_hat[test_index], r1_hat = r1_hat[test_index],
d = D[test_index], y = Y[test_index], z = Z[test_index],
score = score)
thetas[i] = orth_est$theta
}
all_thetas[i_rep] = mean(thetas, na.rm = TRUE)
if (length(train_ids) == 1) {
D = D[test_index]
Y = Y[test_index]
Z = Z[test_index]
m_hat = m_hat[test_index]
g0_hat = g0_hat[test_index]
g1_hat = g1_hat[test_index]
r0_hat = r0_hat[test_index]
r1_hat = r1_hat[test_index]
}
}
if (dml_procedure == "dml2") {
orth_est = orth_irmiv_dml(
m_hat = m_hat, g0_hat = g0_hat,
g1_hat = g1_hat,
r0_hat = r0_hat, r1_hat = r1_hat,
d = D, y = Y, z = Z,
score = score)
all_thetas[i_rep] = orth_est$theta
}
all_ses[i_rep] = sqrt(var_irmiv(
theta = all_thetas[i_rep], m_hat = m_hat, g0_hat = g0_hat,
g1_hat = g1_hat, r0_hat = r0_hat, r1_hat = r1_hat,
d = D, y = Y, z = Z, score = score))
}
theta = stats::median(all_thetas)
if (length(this_smpl$train_ids) > 1) {
n = nrow(data)
} else {
n = length(this_smpl$test_ids[[1]])
}
se = se_repeated(all_ses * sqrt(n), all_thetas, theta) / sqrt(n)
t = theta / se
pval = 2 * stats::pnorm(-abs(t))
names(theta) = names(se) = d
res = list(
coef = theta, se = se, t = t, pval = pval,
thetas = all_thetas, ses = all_ses,
all_preds = all_preds, smpls = smpls)
return(res)
}
fit_nuisance_iivm = function(data, y, d, z,
ml_g, ml_m, ml_r,
train_ids, test_ids,
always_takers, never_takers,
params_g, params_m, params_r) {
# Set up task_m first to get resampling (test and train ids) scheme based on full sample
# nuisance m
m_indx = names(data) != y & names(data) != d
data_m = data[, m_indx, drop = FALSE]
# tbd: handle case with classif vs. regr. for task_m
# if (grepl("regr.", mlmethod$mlmethod_p )) {
# # task_m = mlr3::TaskRegr$new(id = paste0("nuis_m_", z), backend = data_m, target = z)
# task_m = mlr3::TaskRegr$new(id = paste0("nuis_m_", z), backend = data_m, target = z)
# # task_m = mlr3::tsk(id = paste0("nuis_m_", z), backend )
# }
# if (grepl("classif.", mlmethod$mlmethod_m )) {
data_m[, z] = factor(data_m[, z])
task_m = mlr3::TaskClassif$new(
id = paste0("nuis_m_", z), backend = data_m,
target = z, positive = "1")
# }
resampling_m = mlr3::rsmp("custom")
resampling_m$instantiate(task_m, train_ids, test_ids)
n_iters = resampling_m$iters
# in each fold, select those with z = 0
train_ids_0 = lapply(1:n_iters, function(x) {
resampling_m$train_set(x)[data[resampling_m$train_set(x), z] == 0]
})
# in each fold, select those with d = 0
train_ids_1 = lapply(1:n_iters, function(x) {
resampling_m$train_set(x)[data[resampling_m$train_set(x), z] == 1]
})
if (!is.null(params_m)) {
ml_m$param_set$values = params_m
}
r_m = mlr3::resample(task_m, ml_m, resampling_m, store_models = TRUE)
m_hat_list = lapply(r_m$predictions(), function(x) x$prob[, "1"])
# nuisance g0: E[Y|Z=0, X]
g_indx = names(data) != d & names(data) != z
data_g = data[, g_indx, drop = FALSE]
# binary or continuous outcome y
if (any(class(ml_g) == "LearnerClassif")) {
data_g[, y] = factor(data_g[, y])
task_g0 = mlr3::TaskClassif$new(
id = paste0("nuis_g0_", y), backend = data_g,
target = y, positive = "1"
)
} else {
task_g0 = mlr3::TaskRegr$new(id = paste0("nuis_g0_", y), backend = data_g, target = y)
}
ml_g0 = ml_g$clone()
if (!is.null(params_g)) {
ml_g0$param_set$values = params_g
}
resampling_g0 = mlr3::rsmp("custom")
# Train on subset with z == 0 (in each fold) only, predict for all test obs
resampling_g0$instantiate(task_g0, train_ids_0, test_ids)
train_ids_g0 = lapply(1:n_iters, function(x) resampling_g0$train_set(x))
test_ids_g0 = lapply(1:n_iters, function(x) resampling_g0$test_set(x))
r_g0 = mlr3::resample(task_g0, ml_g0, resampling_g0, store_models = TRUE)
if (any(class(ml_g) == "LearnerClassif")) {
g0_hat_list = lapply(r_g0$predictions(), function(x) x$prob[, "1"])
} else {
g0_hat_list = lapply(r_g0$predictions(), function(x) x$response)
}
# nuisance g1: E[Y|Z=1, X]
if (any(class(ml_g) == "LearnerClassif")) {
data_g[, y] = factor(data_g[, y])
task_g1 = mlr3::TaskClassif$new(
id = paste0("nuis_g1_", y), backend = data_g,
target = y, positive = "1"
)
} else {
task_g1 = mlr3::TaskRegr$new(id = paste0("nuis_g1_", y), backend = data_g, target = y)
}
ml_g1 = ml_g$clone()
if (!is.null(params_g)) {
ml_g1$param_set$values = params_g
}
resampling_g1 = mlr3::rsmp("custom")
# Train on subset with z == 1 (in each fold) only, predict for all test obs
resampling_g1$instantiate(task_g1, train_ids_1, test_ids)
train_ids_g1 = lapply(1:n_iters, function(x) resampling_g1$train_set(x))
test_ids_g1 = lapply(1:n_iters, function(x) resampling_g1$test_set(x))
r_g1 = mlr3::resample(task_g1, ml_g1, resampling_g1, store_models = TRUE)
if (any(class(ml_g) == "LearnerClassif")) {
g1_hat_list = lapply(r_g1$predictions(), function(x) x$prob[, "1"])
} else {
g1_hat_list = lapply(r_g1$predictions(), function(x) x$response)
}
# nuisance r0: E[D|Z=0, X]
r_indx = names(data) != y & names(data) != z
data_r = data[, r_indx, drop = FALSE]
data_r[, d] = factor(data_r[, d])
if (always_takers == FALSE & never_takers == FALSE) {
message("If there are no always-takers and no never-takers, ATE is estimated")
}
if (always_takers == FALSE) {
lengths = lapply(test_ids, length)
r0_hat_list = lapply(lengths, function(x) rep(0, x))
}
if (always_takers == TRUE) {
task_r0 = mlr3::TaskClassif$new(
id = paste0("nuis_r0_", d), backend = data_r,
target = d, positive = "1")
ml_r0 = ml_r$clone()
if (!is.null(params_r)) {
ml_r0$param_set$values = params_r
}
resampling_r0 = mlr3::rsmp("custom")
# Train on subset with z == 0 (in each fold) only, predict for all test obs
resampling_r0$instantiate(task_r0, train_ids_0, test_ids)
train_ids_r0 = lapply(1:n_iters, function(x) resampling_r0$train_set(x))
test_ids_r0 = lapply(1:n_iters, function(x) resampling_r0$test_set(x))
r_r0 = mlr3::resample(task_r0, ml_r0, resampling_r0, store_models = TRUE)
r0_hat_list = lapply(r_r0$predictions(), function(x) x$prob[, "1"])
}
if (never_takers == FALSE) {
lengths = lapply(test_ids, length)
r1_hat_list = lapply(lengths, function(x) rep(1, x))
}
if (never_takers == TRUE) {
# nuisance m1: E[E|Z=1, 0]
task_r1 = mlr3::TaskClassif$new(
id = paste0("nuis_r1_", d), backend = data_r,
target = d, positive = "1")
ml_r1 = ml_r$clone()
if (!is.null(params_r)) {
ml_r1$param_set$values = params_r
}
resampling_r1 = mlr3::rsmp("custom")
# Train on subset with z == 0 (in each fold) only, predict for all test obs
resampling_r1$instantiate(task_r1, train_ids_1, test_ids)
train_ids_r1 = lapply(1:n_iters, function(x) resampling_r1$train_set(x))
test_ids_r1 = lapply(1:n_iters, function(x) resampling_r1$test_set(x))
r_r1 = mlr3::resample(task_r1, ml_r1, resampling_r1, store_models = TRUE)
r1_hat_list = lapply(r_r1$predictions(), function(x) x$prob[, "1"])
}
all_preds = list(
m_hat_list = m_hat_list,
g0_hat_list = g0_hat_list,
g1_hat_list = g1_hat_list,
r0_hat_list = r0_hat_list,
r1_hat_list = r1_hat_list)
return(all_preds)
}
extract_iivm_preds = function(data, y, d, z, n_folds, smpls, all_preds,
trimming_threshold) {
test_ids = smpls$test_ids
m_hat_list = all_preds$m_hat_list
g0_hat_list = all_preds$g0_hat_list
g1_hat_list = all_preds$g1_hat_list
r0_hat_list = all_preds$r0_hat_list
r1_hat_list = all_preds$r1_hat_list
n = nrow(data)
D = data[, d]
Y = data[, y]
Z = data[, z]
m_hat = g0_hat = g1_hat = r0_hat = r1_hat = rep(NA_real_, n)
for (i in 1:n_folds) {
test_index = test_ids[[i]]
m_hat[test_index] = m_hat_list[[i]]
g0_hat[test_index] = g0_hat_list[[i]]
g1_hat[test_index] = g1_hat_list[[i]]
r0_hat[test_index] = r0_hat_list[[i]]
r1_hat[test_index] = r1_hat_list[[i]]
}
m_hat = trim_vec(m_hat, trimming_threshold)
res = list(
m_hat = m_hat, g0_hat = g0_hat, g1_hat = g1_hat,
r0_hat = r0_hat, r1_hat = r1_hat)
return(res)
}
# Orthogonalized Estimation of Coefficient in irm
orth_irmiv_dml = function(m_hat, g0_hat, g1_hat, r0_hat, r1_hat, d, y, z, score) {
theta = NA_real_
if (score == "LATE" | score == "partialling out") {
theta = 1 / mean(r1_hat - r0_hat + z * (d - r1_hat) / m_hat - ((1 - z) * (d - r0_hat) / (1 - m_hat))) *
mean(g1_hat - g0_hat + z * (y - g1_hat) / m_hat - ((1 - z) * (y - g0_hat) / (1 - m_hat)))
}
else {
stop("Inference framework for orthogonal estimation unknown")
}
res = list(theta = theta)
return(res)
}
# Variance estimation for DML estimator in the Interactive Instrumental Variable Regression Model
var_irmiv = function(theta, m_hat, g0_hat, g1_hat, r0_hat, r1_hat, d, y, z, score) {
n = length(d)
if (score == "LATE") {
var = 1 / n * 1 / (mean((r1_hat - r0_hat + z * (d - r1_hat) / m_hat - (1 - z) * (d - r0_hat) / (1 - m_hat))))^2 *
mean((g1_hat - g0_hat + z * (y - g1_hat) / m_hat - (1 - z) * (y - g0_hat) / (1 - m_hat) -
(r1_hat - r0_hat + z * (d - r1_hat) / m_hat - (1 - z) * (d - r0_hat) / (1 - m_hat)) * theta)^2)
} else {
stop("Inference framework for variance estimation unknown")
}
return(c(var))
}
# Bootstrap Implementation for Interactive Instrumental Variable Regression Model
bootstrap_irmiv = function(theta, se, data, y, d, z, n_folds, smpls, all_preds,
score, bootstrap, n_rep_boot,
n_rep = 1, trimming_threshold = 1e-12) {
for (i_rep in 1:n_rep) {
res = extract_iivm_preds(data, y, d, z, n_folds,
smpls[[i_rep]], all_preds[[i_rep]],
trimming_threshold = trimming_threshold)
m_hat = res$m_hat
g0_hat = res$g0_hat
g1_hat = res$g1_hat
r0_hat = res$r0_hat
r1_hat = res$r1_hat
D = data[, d]
Y = data[, y]
Z = data[, z]
if (score == "LATE") {
psi = g1_hat - g0_hat + Z * (Y - g1_hat) / m_hat - (1 - Z) * (Y - g0_hat) / (1 - m_hat) -
(r1_hat - r0_hat + Z * (D - r1_hat) / m_hat - (1 - Z) * (D - r0_hat) / (1 - m_hat)) * theta[i_rep]
psi_a = -(r1_hat - r0_hat + Z * (D - r1_hat) / m_hat
- (1 - Z) * (D - r0_hat) / (1 - m_hat))
} else {
stop("Inference framework for multiplier bootstrap unknown")
}
n = length(psi)
weights = draw_bootstrap_weights(bootstrap, n_rep_boot, n)
this_res = functional_bootstrap(
theta[i_rep], se[i_rep], psi, psi_a, n_folds,
smpls[[i_rep]],
n_rep_boot, weights)
if (i_rep == 1) {
boot_res = this_res
} else {
boot_res$boot_coef = cbind(boot_res$boot_coef, this_res$boot_coef)
boot_res$boot_t_stat = cbind(boot_res$boot_t_stat, this_res$boot_t_stat)
}
}
return(boot_res)
}
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